第12讲 主题阅读与写作（二）【精练】 -中考英语一轮复习培优全攻略（上海专用）

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进阶练07 主题阅读与写作（二）（原卷版）一、阅读单选On December 17th, 2020, the return capsule (返回器) of China’s Chang’e-5 probe (探测器) safely touched down on its landing place. It brought back the country’s first moon rocks and soil collected from the moon. Behind the success of the mission (任务) were a team of great scientists. One of them was a 24-year-old young girl named Zhou Chengyu. Now, Zhou has become the youngest woman commander (指挥员) at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan. Zhou’s workmates often call her “Big Sister”. She has now taken part in five space missions. All of them require the highest level of space knowledge and personal ability. In the Change-5 mission, Zhou successfully accomplished her commanding(指挥) task. This was one of the most important roles in the mission. People have spoken highly of Zhou’s achievements, considering her as a role model for teenagers to look up to. However, the young commander has shown no interest in being famous. In fact, Zhou has turned down many interviews. She feels that they will only get in the way of her work. Zhou’s story passes an encouraging message: Young people can get great success in science or space.1．When was Zhou Chengyu born?A．In 1994. B．In 1996. C．In 1998. D．In 2000.2．What can we know from Paragraph 3?A．Zhou Chengyu joined in five moon missions.B．Zhou Chengyu is a role model by teenagers.C．Zhou can control all the connector programs.D．Zhou was the top of all the scientists in the Chang’e-5 mission.3．How does Zhou Chengyu like the interviews?A．They influence her work. B．They can improve her personal ability.C．They make her get famous. D．They help spread the success of the Chang’e-5 probe.4．Which of the following best explains “accomplished” underlined in Paragraph 3?A．won. B．served. C．completed. D．found.5．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?A．To explain why Zhou Chengyu is called “Big Sister”.B．To tell us the experience of Zhou Chengyu’s success.C．To show young people can get great success in science.D．To introduce the launch of the Chang’e-5 probe.On Feb. 12th, 2020, Dalian (not his real name) was taking a train to Changsha, Hunan, for a business trip. While on the train, he went into a carriage (车厢) to have lunch and chose to remain in the carriage. He didn’t know that the carriage was only for people heading to Wuhan.   Several hours later, when the train arrived in Wuhan, Dalian was asked to get off, as he was in the special carriage. Although he was surprised, he didn’t want to cause trouble and got off the carriage with just a single bag.   Because of the epidemic (流行病), Wuhan had been locked down. So Dalian couldn’t find a hotel to stay in. Feeling at a loss, he saw a notice online looking for volunteers to work in hospitals. Dalian decided to give it a try. He soon became a volunteer in Wuhan No.1 Hospital. He was responsible for taking out rubbish, sweeping the floor, disinfecting (消毒) the hospital, dealing with used protective suits (防护服) and bringing meals to patients.   The young man, reportedly from Northeast China, had to work 12 hours every day, changing his protective suit three times a day. While working, he couldn’t drink anything or go to the bathroom. He also had to have close contact with infected patients, which is risky (冒风险的). Dalian was afraid of getting infected at first. “When I entered the wards (病房), I was kind of frozen (僵硬的) and felt like I couldn’t move,” he said. But after he saw more patients get better, his fear gradually went away.   Dalian’s story has gone viral (走红的) online. People were surprised by his experience, and described him as having “a heart of gold”.6．Why did Dalian have to get off in Wuhan in the passage?A．Because he was in the wrong carriage.B．Because he bought the wrong train ticket.C．Because he chose to have lunch in Wuhan.D．Because he went to Wuhan for a business trip.7．Dalian decided to work in a hospital because ________.A．he ran out of moneyB．he couldn’t find a hotel to stay inC．he was once a volunteerD．he wanted to become a doctor8．Dalian did many things as a volunteer in Wuhan No.1 Hospital EXCEPT _________.A．bringing meals to doctorsB．dealing with used protective suitsC．disinfecting the hospitalD．taking out rubbish and sweeping the floor9．What does this passage try to tell us?A．Everybody should be a volunteer.B．We must protect ourselves all the time.C．We should be thankful to medical workers.D．Everyone can fight the virus (病毒) in their own way.No one wants to work at a messy desk and look lazy. But does a messy desktop actually mean that? Not all disorders (无序) mean you mess everything up. Even Steve Jobs thought his personal attraction came from his messy desktop.People who prefer a messy desk have their own ideas. Some think it makes them comfortable. Some believe it helps them focus more easily. Messy tables can make it easier to focus on the tasks, just like some novelists can write patiently in a noisy café. Others may be the people who want to do things perfectly. For those who strive for perfection, tasks are either 100% or 0% done. So they usually put away the less important things and do the most important ones perfectly, which leads to paper mountains on the desktop.Many people are described as untidy, careless and slow because of messy tabletops. However, when we see the desks of Albert Einstein, Mark Twain and Mark Zuckerberg—pioneers of their times—things might change. Clearly, the world welcomes uniformity (一致) and order, it also never refuses regular (有规律的) disorder, which seems like a mess but goes in an organized (有条理的) way.Research shows that people working with a messy desktop are probably more creative and like to take risks. But people with a tidy one often follow the rules and may not like to try new things. For example, in an experiment (实验) done by Kathleen Vohs, people in the messy group came up with more interesting and creative ideas about the new uses of ping-pong balls than the organized one. Vohs says, “Messy environments seem to inspire people to think up fresh ideas.”But a messy desk might not be the best choice all the time. When you need new ideas, a messy desk might be a good choice; but when you want to do a task quickly and successfully, it seems better to make a desk clean and tidy.10．Some people prefer a messy desk because _________.A．it makes them uncomfortableB．they are lazy and untidyC．they won’t do things wellD．they can focus on tasks easily11．What does the underlined phrase “strive for” mean in Chinese?A．对……感兴趣 B．将……分开 C．为……斗争 D．为……努力12．The experiment done by Kathleen Vohs shows that ________.A．Disorder is never welcomed in this worldB．people working with a tidy desktop always try new thingsC．a messy desktop has a bad influence on people’s mindsD．people working a messy desktop think up fresh ideas more often13．What can be the best title for the passage?A．Messy Desk: Do People Need to Change It?B．Messy Desk: Does It Make People Comfortable?C．Messy Desk: Do People Get Used to It?D．Messy Desk: Does It Help People Work Efficiently?二、完形填空Early Writing and Alphabets (字母表)       When people first began to write, they did not use an alphabet. ____14____, they drew small pictures to show the objects they were writing about. This was very ____15____ because there was a different picture for every word.The Ancient Egyptians had a ____16____ of picture writing that was called hieroglyphics (象形文字). The meaning of this writing had been forgotten for a very long time, but in 1799, some scientists discovered a stone near Alexandria, Egypt. The stone had been there for over a thousand years. It had both Greek and hieroglyphics on it and researchers were ____17____ able to understand what the hieroglyphics meant.An alphabet is quite ____18____ picture writing. It consists of letters or symbols that represent (代表) a sound and each sound is just part of one word. The Phoenicians (腓尼基人), who lived about 3,000 years ago, ____19____ the ancient alphabet. It was later improved by the Romans and this alphabet is now used widely throughout the world.14．A．However B．Instead C．Also D．Then15．A．amazing B．powerful C．strange D．slow16．A．wall B．piece C．system D．collection17．A．finally B．seldom C．nearly D．especially18．A．similar to B．different from C．full of D．close to19．A．noticed B．arranged C．developed D．discoveredYou have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes’ break between classes. But when the bell for the next class rings, you can’t believe how ____20____ time has passed.If you are familiar with this scene, you’ll know how time flies when you are having fun. Now scientists have thought over a reason why this is the case.Scans (扫描仪) have shown that patterns of activity in the brain ____21____ according to how we focus on a task. When we feel ____22____, we concentrate (专心于) more on how time is passing. And this makes our brains think the clock is ticking more slowly.In an experiment carried out by a French laboratory, 12 volunteers watched an image while researchers monitored their brain activity.The volunteers were told to first concentrate on ____23____ an image appeared for, then focus on the colour of the image, and thirdly, study both duration and colour. The results showed that the ____24____ was more active when the volunteers paid attention to more subjects.It is thought that if the brain is focusing on many aspects of a task, it has to spread its resources, and pays ____25____ attention to the clock. Therefore, time passes without us really noticing it, and seems to go quickly. If the brain is not so active, it concentrates its full energies on monitoring the passing of time. As a result, time seems to drag.Next time you feel bored in class, perhaps you should pay more attention to what the teacher is saying!20．A．slowly B．quickly C．terribly D．foolishly21．A．change B．develop C．grow D．stop22．A．interested B．bored C．excited D．active23．A．how often B．how soon C．how long D．how fast24．A．time B．experiment C．clock D．brain25．A．much B．more C．some D．less三、短文首字母填空根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。Lu Kaigang, a 21-year-old villager from rural Guangxi, China, known for his countryside modelling videos, has caught international attention. He has r__26__ invitations to walk at some of the largest fashion weeks on the global stage.Lu has over 4 million followers on his Kuaishou account, where he posts videos u__27__ the name “Xiao Xianren”. Lu became famous for his continued efforts to f__28__ his dream for modelling while working as a waiter and a factory worker.“I have had a supermodel dream since I was ten. I saw a fashion show on TV when I felt it was so cool to do that on the runway,” said Lu. From then on, he p__29__ the catwalk hard.Without any professional t__30__, he learned to catwalk from fashion show videos. By his talents, Lu designed and made clothes using ready m__31__, from bamboo sticks, plastic bags to even an air conditioner. He turned everywhere into his runway, ranging from a narrow alley to an empty factory.Lu’s early works were laughed at as many people c__32__ him as a funny clown(小丑)dressed in strange costumes. However, Lu’s determination made him a__33__ to be seen. Finally it helped him to walk on the international stage s__34__.“I like staying in n__35__. That was my runway. I enjoyed the freedom to perform alone. I will miss the experience of the catwalk in forests forever.” Lu said.Fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)What’s the future of social media? Read the opinions of three experts.Jacob Stone, Media DirectorThe end of screenAll types of technology will use v____36____ to control. That is to say, you talk to your device(装置; 设备) and it will follow your instructions. Therefore, screens won’t be important. Wanting the latest smartphones with bigger and better screens will be a thing of the past. I____37____, we will see holograms(全息影像)-pictures in the real world. They will look amazingly real. Nowadays we chat with friends and look at their face on our phone or computer. In 20 years, we’ll be able to see them sitting next to us, looking very much like a real person.Alyssa Tyrone, Creative ManagerConnected to everything and everyoneI think we will definitely have an electronic device inside our body which will connect us to everything around us. We will be connected to the m____38____, in our homes and places of work, like our cookers and calculators. We’ll be connected to the Internet, too. In this way, we can find information just by thinking about it. And, of course, we will be connected to each other. It will be possible to s____39____ our thoughts and feelings with each other directly, even when we’re in different parts of the world.Dev Khan, Digital Product DeveloperNew ways to communicate with friendsAt the moment, I keep in touch with my friends on social media by liking posts, w____40____ reviews and uploading(上传) photos. In 20 years, I think I will disconnect from all these. I’ll put on a pair of s____41____ glasses, which will enable me to meet my friends in virtual(虚拟的) worlds. It will be possible to choose the place, from a beach in Spain to a café in London. I’ll bring together people from my real life and my online friends to have social time together. Even though we’ll all be in d____42____ places, we’ll chat and share jokes, and the experience will be completely real.四、阅读回答问题阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Red Nose Day is a well-known event in the UK. It is on the second or third Friday in March. It raises money for people in need in Africa and the UK. Red Nose Day is organized by Comic Relief. This organization was set up by Richard Curtis and Lenny Henry in 1985. They wanted to use comedy and laughter to bring more attention to poverty in the UK and Africa, and make sure that everybody who didn’t have money to see comedy shows could have fun at the same time. That’s why Red Nose Day was born. The British celebrated the first Red Nose Day on February 5, 1988, and they celebrate it every two years now. A third of the money raised goes to projects in the UK and two thirds to projects in Africa. The slogan for the last Red Nose Day was “Do Something Funny for Money” and the money collected was used to help fund projects in the following areas: treating malaria, education, maternal health and mental health. The BBC Red Nose Day telethon raised £74.3 million! Money-raising events take place all over the country and many schools join in. People also donate (捐赠) money by post, in banks, by phone using a credit card and online.People call it Red Nose Day because on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear. Even if someone doesn’t wear it, he will go and buy one. Some people put the red noses on the front of their cars to show their support. The money made from selling plastic red noses goes to Comic Relief. So, if you are ever in the UK on Red Nose Day, now you know why you may see normal people wearing red noses and doing silly things! It’s all for a good reason.43．When is Red Nose Day?________________________________44．Who was this organization set up by?________________________________45．What was the slogan for the last Red Nose Day?________________________________46．Why do people call it Red Nose Day?________________________________47．If you are in the UK on Red Nose Day, what should you do and why?________________________________阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Spreading HappinessJessica Martin and Asherah Weiss are art teachers in a primary school. They thought their students might have the magic words that could bring calm to people in difficult times, so they created a project called “Pep Toc” with their students. The project had two parts—one was setting up a hotline, and the other was making encouraging posters. The two teachers had the same basic question for all the students: “What could you say to help or encourage someone else?”Students working on the hotline thought of what they would like to say. Then Ms. Martin recorded each one, and sorted out（分类）the recordings into different parts of the telephone hotline. When people call the hotline, they can hear happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive（积极的）messages. For example, pressing 1 brings ideas for people who are “feeling mad or nervous”. Helpful suggestions include: “listen to music”, or “go and get a cookie”. Pressing 2 results in “words of encouragement and life advice”. This includes messages like: “The world is a better place with you in it.” and “You are okay!” By pressing 3, you can hear a group of children saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, don’t give up!”Other students made encouraging posters and hung them up around the town. Many posters had strips of paper. When people passed by, they could tear off（撕掉）the strips and take with them. For example, one poster said “If you are mad, think of positive thoughts, and had strips reminding people to “Be happy”.Ms. Martin thought the project would only attract interest from people near the school. But in its first six weeks, the hotline got 5 million calls from around the world. It has become very popular with stressed adults, patients in hospitals, and others who just want to hear the happy voices of children. For Martin and Weiss, the project shows students that small acts can have a big influence. “If you have an idea, just try to do it and see what happens,” Weiss says. Students now know that they have amazing power. They’re already thinking about new messages to record for the Pep Toc Hotline.48．Who created the project “Pep Toc”?_________________________________49．What are the two parts of the project?_________________________________50．How did Ms. Martin and the students set up the hotline?_________________________________51．What could people do when they passed by the posters?_________________________________52．What is the last paragraph mainly about?_________________________________Challenge yourself !15-year-old Kyle Washington writes about what he does in his free time.I joined the National Youth Challenge (NYC) last year because I knew they went camping and sailing and taught skills like public speaking, and these were things I’d never done before. In the NYC you can do different activities to challenge（挑战）yourself and you’re always learning something. There are different levels, from beginner to advanced, run by adult volunteers called “leaders”. When you complete each level, you get a certificate（证书）.When I first joined, my leader suggested that my first challenge should be helping organize activities at a local children’s club for two hours a week. I wasn’t sure if it was a good idea, I’d joined that same club when I was eight and I’d found it really difficult to make friends. I was quite shy then and all the other children already had their own friendship groups, so I’d stopped going after a couple of weeks. I decided to take up the challenge though, but only because I wanted my first NYC certificate.Soon, however, I wanted to spend all my free time at the children’s club. It meant a lot more to me than just getting the certificate. And when I finished the challenge, the NYC leader let me keep on volunteering at the club because I’d built up some great relationships with the children there. Now I go there for about four hours a week and I always really look forward to going.Because of what I’ve learnt at the children’s club, I’ve decided that when I finish school in three years’ time, I want to go to college to study to become a qualified youth worker—someone who works with children. It wasn’t something I’d ever considered before starting at the club. In fact, I’d never thought about my future job, and the idea of youth work had never entered my mind. This has been my favourite part of the NYC so far and I’ve improved my communication skills while at the same time helping others. I’ve got several other NYC certificates now and—yes, one of them is for camping!53．Kyle joined the NYC to improve some of his skills, didn’t he?_________________________________________________54．Who runs the different activities in the NYC?__________________________________________________55．What was Kyle’s first challenge in the NYC?__________________________________________________56．Why didn’t Kyle want to take up his first challenge at first?__________________________________________________57．What does a qualified youth worker mainly do?__________________________________________________58．What has Kyle gained from the NYC?___________________________________________________五、话题作文59．Napoleon(拿破仑) once said, “He is a bad soldier who doesn’t dream of becoming a general(将军).” Would you rather be a leader or a common member in a certain group? Make your choice and give at least TWO reasons to support your idea.注意：内容涵盖所有要点，适当发挥，全文连贯通顺。词数 80 左右（已给出文章开头，不计入总词数）。文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。To be a leader or a common member?We all have different roles to play in a certain group.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、讲稿60．进入九年级以来，不少同学熬夜使用手机或电脑玩游戏。导致睡眠不足，不能认真听课，成绩下降。鉴于此现象，你们班召开了一次班会来讨论这个问题。请你以“How to Use Smartphones and Computers Properly”为题写一篇发言稿。提示：1. 手机和电脑可以用来查阅资料，记单词等；2. 长期使用手机和电脑对视力带来的影响；3. 熬夜对青少年所带来的危害；4. ……要求：包含所给要点；语言流畅，意思连贯，适当拓展；100词左右。                              How to Use Smartphones and Computers Properly_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________