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介绍自然灾害本单元的写作项目是写一篇介绍自然灾害的说明文。写此类文章需要注意以下几点：1．描述自然灾害首先要说明该灾害的基本情况：如时间、地点、最后造成的损失和危害等。2．有时需要介绍地理原因、发生的过程，以及人类对这种自然灾害的认识等。3．写好自然灾害类文章的关键是实事求是、简明扼要。[基本框架]1．开头——说明什么地方发生了什么样的自然灾害。2．主体——具体介绍自然灾害造成的损失。3．结尾——表达自己的祝愿。[常用词块]1．hesitate before replying 犹豫了一下才回答2．unable to save his life 不能救他的命3．cut off the enemy's retreat 切断敌人的退路4．a house looking as if to fall down 看上去好像要倒的房子5．feel a sudden urge to run away突然想赶快逃走6．seriously injured his legs 他的双腿严重受伤7．cause a great loss 造成巨大损失8．cut down a tree 砍倒一棵树9．turn into a nightmare变成一个噩梦10．take safety measures 采取安全措施11．cause damage to property 造成财产损失12．leave the area in ruins 使这个地区成为废墟13．hope to find their missing son希望找到他们失踪的儿子14．a path washed away by the sea被海浪冲坏的小路15．are killed in a crash在一次撞车事故中丧生16．call in the police 打电话报警17．send him to hospital 送他去医院18．lost his life in an earthquake 他在地震中丧生[常用语句]精彩开头1．A big fire broke out...2．An earthquake happened in/occurred in/hit/struck the district.3．There have been many natural disasters such as floods，droughts...正文佳句1．The storm caused great damage to the crops.2．After the earthquake，water，gas and electricity were all cut off.3．The big floods，which occurred in 1998，caused great losses.4．Millions of people suffered from the disasters which caused many deaths，destroyed many homes and wiped up many pieces of land.5．Tens of thousands of people lost their precious lives owing to the strong earthquake in Sichuan Province.余味结尾1．The fire lasted about two hours and was finally put out in the afternoon.2．Fortunately，the injured people were sent to hospital without delay.3．It is time for us to stop damaging it and to do our best to protect it and make it suitable to live in.假如你是李华，得知你的美国网友Bill的家乡发生山火，房屋被烧毁，他现在住在临时避难所。请你写一封邮件慰问他，内容要点如下：1．询问受灾情况，表示关心；2．鼓励他振作起来，重建家园。注意：1．词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：山火 mountain fireDear Bill，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，Li Hua【学生习作】Dear Bill，Hear you have mountain fire and I am sad. Are you OK，now? I am worried about you.Your houses were burned down and you are living outside. That's so bad. How do you live now？Do you have water and food? I can help you. The mountain fire is not easy to put out，so you should be patient and cheer up! I am sure you will be better.Come on，be happy and confident.Yours，Li Hua点评：1．句式简单，不能学以致用；2．虽表示关心，但浮于表面客套。【参考范文】Dear Bill，On hearing the news that the destructive mountain fire broke out in your hometown, I am extremely worried about you. Are you or your family injured? I heard that your house was burned down and you are living in the temporary shelter now. How about the conditions there? Do you have enough clothes and food? The fire has caused great damage to your family, but I firmly believe that all things will get better.  Cheer up! I'm sure you will rebuild your hometown soon. Anyway, tomorrow is another day!Yours，Li Hua去年夏天，南方发生了严重的洪涝灾害，造成了很大的损失。请根据下面三个方面的内容，写一篇英语短文：1．损失：农田被毁，房屋被冲走，很多人无家可归；2．洪涝灾害的原因：下雨达数月，森林被砍伐，湖泊被改造成农田；3．补救措施：保护河边树木，重建堤坝，还田造湖。注意：词数80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Last summer，a big flood occurred in the south.Fields were ruined，houses were washed away and many people became homeless.There are three reasons for the floods.Firstly，it had kept raining for months.Secondly，many forests had been cut down and the soil was washed away.Finally，some lakes had been turned into fields，which seriously blocked the waterway.Now，some measures have been taken to prevent floods from happening again.The trees along the rivers have been protected.Old dams have been rebuilt and some fields have been turned back into lakes again.