普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块2第3讲构词法学案

这是一份普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块2第3讲构词法学案，共6页。
第三讲　构词法[语法规则再现]英语构词法主要分为三种，分别是合成法，派生法和转化法。2018年和2019年的这两次广东省学业水平考试中“语法填空”的词类转换都是必考选项，占考题分值的30%左右。括号中所提供的单词要求考生根据该词在语句上下文的句意和结构变换其词性，在空格处转换词类填入合适的词性，其目的在于考查不同词性在句子中的正确用法。纵观这两年的考试，考查形式主要有以下三种类型：1．考查副词。在句子中修饰动词或形容词等作状语。2．考查形容词。一般考查在句子中作定语修饰名词，或者作表语。3．考查名词。作主语或者在及物动词、介词的后面作宾语。一、合成法合成词例词合成名词n.＋n.snowman雪人；network网络；cowboy 牛仔；newspaper报纸n.＋v.daybreak破晓；sunrise日出；sunset 日落n.＋v.­ingevildoing坏事；facemaking扮鬼脸；handwriting书法v.­ing＋n.dining­room餐厅；swimming pool游泳池；writing desk写字桌v.＋n.postcard明信片；pickpocket扒手；playground操场adj.＋n.nobleman 贵族；greenhand新手；first­edition初版合成形容词adj.＋n.­edkind­hearted好心的；middle­aged中年的；white­colored白色的；absent­minded心不在焉的adj.＋v.­inggood­looking样子好看的；fine­looking美貌的；easy­going随和的adj.＋n.full­time全日的；part­time业余的；兼职的；first­hand第一手的；first­aid急救的n.＋v.­edman­made人造的；water­covered被水覆盖的；stone­covered被石头覆盖的n.＋v.­ingpeace­loving热爱和平的；acid­forming酸性的；English­speaking说英语的adv.＋v.­edpartly­roofed部分房顶覆盖的；so­called所谓的合成副词anywhere任何地方；however然而；nowadays现今；maybe可能；outdoors户外；upstairs楼上；otherwise否则；upright笔直二、派生法派生词例词名词后缀­ertraveller旅行者；hunter猎人；reader读者；worker工人­oractor男演员；director导演；inventor发明者；发明家­eseChinese中国人；Japanese日本人；Portuguese葡萄牙人­ianAustralian澳大利亚人；Austrian奥地利人；Canadian加拿大人­istartist艺术家；communist共产主义者；novelist小说家；physicist物理学家名词后缀­mentmovement运动；government政府；judgement判断；agreement同意；协议­nessbusiness生意；illness疾病；weakness虚弱；缺点；happiness幸福­tionoperation手术；celebration庆祝；congratulation祝贺；action行动形容词后缀­able/­iblecomfortable 舒适的；enjoyable愉快的；acceptable可接受的­ical/­al/­ialnatural自然的；national国家的；international国际的；actual实际的­anAmerican美国(人)的；African非洲(人)的；European欧洲(人)的­fulcareful仔细的；beautiful美丽的；hopeful有希望的；wonderful精彩的­inginteresting令人感兴趣的；moving打动人的；exciting令人兴奋的­iveactive积极的；expensive昂贵的；native当地的；progressive前进的；有进展的­lesscareless粗心的；useless无用的；harmless无害的；homeless无家可归的­lyfriendly友好的；motherly母亲般的；monthly每月的；weekly每周的副词后缀­lyroughly粗糙地；quietly轻轻地；silently沉默地；sadly悲伤地；slowly慢慢地­ward(s)northward 朝北；southward 朝南；downward向下；upward向上；towards向，朝前缀dis­否定disable丧失能力；disarrange打乱；discharge准许(某人)离开；排出im­/in­不impossible不可能的；impolite不礼貌的；incorrect不正确的un­不undoubtedly毫无疑问地；unexpectedly未预料到地；unhappy不高兴的；uncover揭开re­再/又review复习；retell复述；rewrite重写；replace取代；return返回；返给tele­远telephone电话；television电视；telegram电报；telecamera远距离摄影机non­不non­drinker不喝酒的人；non­profit非营利的；non­payment未付款三、转化法转化例词hand手→递　watch手表→观看smoke烟→吸烟　fish鱼→钓鱼light光线→轻的　wrong错误→错的right右边→右边的/对的clean打扫→干净的　close关上→近的free使自由→自由的enough足够地→足够的　last最后→最后的　hard努力→困难的[典型例题分析]1．Some robots can “see”________(clear)，for they use TV cameras as their eyes...Now they have even come into our homes and work as ________(help) at home.clearly；helpers　[考查词类转换。根据句意：“一些机器人能把东西看得很清楚，因为他们把电视摄像机作为他们的眼睛……现在他们甚至进入我们的家里，成了家里干活的帮手”，可知应该用clear的副词(加­ly)修饰动词see；此处as作介词，意为“作为”，介词后面要用名词，所以在help后面加后缀­er，表示“人”的后缀，意为“帮手”，而且句子主语是they，相对应helper也应该用复数形式，故答案分别填clearly和helpers。]2．Now Lucy works as a ________(write) for a TV show.Together with her colleagues，she has to think of fresh ideas and come up with ________(fun) dialogues for the actors on their show.It is not an easy job，but Lucy does it ________(proper)．writer；funny；properly　[考查词类转换。根据句意：“Lucy现在在一家电视节目工作。她和同事们一起，必须要有崭新的想法，并且要为做节目的演员们想出有趣的对话。这份工作并不容易，但是Lucy做得恰如其分。”as作介词，意为“作为”，介词后面要用名词，所以要在动词write后面加­er(表示“人”的后缀)；“有趣的对话”可知应该用fun的形容词修饰名词dialogues，故填funny(属于名词加­y后缀构成形容词)；“做得恰当”，所以用proper的副词(在后面直接加­ly构成)修饰动词does，故填properly。][语法专项对练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.2．Mary was very sad at the news，so she looked sadly at her husband，her eyes full of sadness．(sad)3．He played football very well and he was one of the best players in yesterday's football match.(play)4．Look! How happily Kate is laughing! She seems to be the happiest girl in the world.(happy)5．To our satisfaction，the headmaster was very satisfied with our report.(satisfy)6．Edison was a great inventor．During his life he had many inventions．(invent)7．His identity is unknown (know)to us so we have to confirm.8．I should simplify my task and make it simpler/simple to finish it.(simple)9．Jim is impatient (patient)with his little sister who is so noisy.10．The unexpected (expect) death of her son made her sad.11．The police discovered the pot and uncovered a plot against the President.(cover)12．You are so kind to help me.Thank you for your kindness．(kind)13．The bright dress is improper(proper)for a funeral.14．Everything is becoming more expensive than before and many college students had to work to make some money for their college expenses．(expend)15．The river was so polluted that it actually (actual) caught fire and burdened.16．Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly (sudden) became friendly to one another.17．The water is unfit (fit) for drinking and you have to go without water.18．Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly (slow)  during cool nights, thus warming the house.19．The little girl is extremely (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam.20．He was unable (able) to sleep at night because of his anxiety.Ⅱ.语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As more and more Chinese tourists travel abroad，some of their behaviors are 1.surprised (surprise)．According to the latest Living Social survey，Chinese 2.tourists(tourist) were recently ranked second behind US citizens in a survey of the 3.worst (bad) travellers.A researcher said that Chinese visitors often lack an 4.awareness (aware) of being polite or behaving 5.appropriately (appropriate)．“On their first or second time abroad，Chinese visitors tend to forget that they are visiting other  people's homeland and overlook the 6.manners (manner) of their hosts，”he said.“Overseas travel is a new luxury.Chinese 7.citizens(citizen) can afford it and want to show off，”Liu said.“Many Chinese tourists are just going abroad，and are  often inexperienced and 8.unfamiliar (familiar) with overseas rules.”There are many bad behaviors.For example，some disregard rules in local wildlife parks.They disturb koalas in their 9.natural (nature)habitats by touching them，even though the local guide has warned them not doing so.“This is far from being 10.eco­friendly (eco­friend)，”said Zhang.