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题型四 语法填空[学考真题链接]Passage 1(2021年1月广东省学业水平)Peter lived in a village. He was always upset and treated others 1.________(bad). He enjoyed himself by making other 2.________(villager) unhappy. So the whole village avoided 3.________(he) as much as they could. On the day when he turned eighty，4.________ unusual thing happened. Everyone 5.________(hear) the words “Peter looks happy today. Instead of 6.________(say) something bad，he smiles to everyone he meets.” When the whole village got together, Peter 7.________(ask) why. He answered, “I'd been running after ‘my happiness’ 8.________ eighty years，but it was 9. ________ (use). And then I decided to live without it and just enjoy life. That's the reason 10.________ I'm happy now.”1．badly [考查副词。此空在句中修饰动词treated，故用副词badly。]2．villagers [考查名词。other加复数名词，故填villagers。]3．him [考查代词。根据句意可知，所有村民尽可能避开他，此处应填人称代词的宾格作为avoided的宾语，故填him。]4．an [考查冠词。此空在句中修饰名词单数形式thing，表泛指，又因unusual的首字母为元音音素，故用不定冠词an。]5．heard [考查动词时态。根据前文“an unusual thing happened”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且everyone与hear之间为主谓关系，故填heard。]6．saying [考查名词。instead of接动名词，故填saying。]7．was asked [考查动词语态。根据后文“He answered”可知，此空应为Peter被问，故填was asked。]8．for [考查介词。eighty years为时间段，故填for。]9．useless [考查形容词。根据“but”表转折可知，应填useless。]10．why [考查定语从句。先行词reason表原因且从句不缺成分，故填why。]Passage 2(2019年1月广东省学业水平)Once，there lived a poor man in a small village.He was very clever but didn't want 1.________(work) at all.He lived on 2.________the villagers gave him every day.One day he got a basket of eggs 3.________a kind lady.He began to think that he would save eggs until they were in short supply.Then he could earn a small amount of money by 4.________(sell) them at a very good price.And then he would buy a couple of goats. Very soon，he would have 5.________large group of goats.The goat milk would bring him much more money.With the money，he would buy a cow.6.________(it)milk would bring him a lot of money.He would become much 7.________(rich)，build a big house and marry a pretty woman.They would have a lot of 8.________(child)．While he was lost in thought，9.________(unlucky)，he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground.He was very sad.That 10.________(bring) an end to the man's beautiful dream.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。从前有一个穷人，他很聪明但是不愿工作，靠村民们施舍生活。一天，他从一位好心的女士那里得到一篮子鸡蛋，于是开始了自己的幻想。当他陷入沉思时，不幸的是，他跌倒在一块石头上，所有的鸡蛋都掉到了地上，这结束了他美丽的梦想。1．to work [考查固定搭配。want to do sth.“想做某事”，故答案为to work。]2．what [考查宾语从句。句意：他靠村民每天给他的钱生活。此处介词on后面是一个宾语从句，从句中谓语动词跟双宾语，所以引导词起双重作用，故答案为what。]3．from [考查介词。句意：一天，他从一位好心的女士那里得到一篮子鸡蛋。结合句意可知，答案为from。]4．selling [考查固定搭配。固定搭配：by doing sth.“通过做某事”，故答案为selling。]5．a [考查固定词组。句意：很快，他就会有一大群山羊。固定词组：a large group of“一大群”，故答案为a。]6．Its [考查形容词性物主代词。句意：用这些钱，他会买一头奶牛，它的牛奶会给他带来很多钱。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为Its。]7．richer [考查比较级。句意：他会变得更富有，盖一所大房子，娶一个漂亮的女人。much放在比较级前面修饰比较级加强语气，故答案为richer。]8．children [考查名词复数。句意：他们会有很多孩子。a lot of修饰可数名词复数，故答案为children。]9．unluckily [考查副词。句意：当他陷入沉思时，不幸的是，他跌倒在一块石头上，所有的鸡蛋都掉到了地上。副词修饰整个句子，结合句意可知，答案为unluckily。]10．brought [考查时态。句意：这结束了他美丽的梦想。结合句意可知，句子用一般过去时，故答案为brought。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】设置该题型的目的在于考查学生在语境中正确运用语法知识的能力，以促进考生实际语言运用能力的提高。考查的重点为：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、词性转换、形容词和副词以及介词、代词、冠词和从句。设置题型有两种：一种为无提示词，主要考查冠词、代词、介词；另一种为有提示词，主要考查时态和语态、词性转化、非谓语动词、名词复数。【方法技巧】(1)根据语法知识填空：每个空都会涉及语法规则，全面考虑，具体分析，然后确定答案。(2)根据逻辑关系填空：如表示因果关系的词有thus，therefore，so等。(3)根据语篇标志词填空：如表示语篇结构层次的first，second等。(4)根据固定词组填空：如by the way，devote...to...等。(5)根据固定句型填空：如so...that...，spend time in doing等。【解题步骤】(1)通读全文，理解大意。(2)巧用已知，分析结构，确定词性。(3)复读全文，仔细核查，语法正确，语意贯通。[题型对点演练]Passage 1This is a true story.It happened in Amsterdam，Holland 1.in the early 1940s after the German Nazis had 2.occupied(occupy) most of Europe.The Nazi Party ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945.One of their key 3.policies(policy) was 4.to kill(kill) all the Jews in Europe.If any persons 5.known (know) to be Jews were found，they would be sent to concentration camp farther east，mostly in Poland.Families were separated and transported in trains.For many days，they went 6.without food，water，sanitation or fresh air.7.To avoid(avoid) this terrible fate，some Jewish families went into hiding，often with the help of nonJewish friends.This diary was 8.written(write) during the time 9.when Anne and her family moved to escape from 10.being killed(kill) by Nazis.Passage 2Our family bought 1.a new smart TV set last week.It is 2.really(real)cool！But we didn't know what we should do 3.with the old one.Then I saw an advertisement for TechHelp.TechHelp donates smart TV sets to people 4.who/that need them.So far，TechHelp has 5.donated(donate) more than 2，000 smart TV sets to different families across the country.Last year they gave smart TV sets to poor families.It is very easy to donate smart TV sets to TechHelp.Yesterday，my father and 6.I(me)took the old smart TV set to a local shop.Two hours later，TechHelp 7.collected (collect) it from the shop.They will clean the smart TV set and make it better.Right now，TechHelp is 8.giving(give)smart TV sets to families in Xinjiang.There 9.are(be)about 50 families on the waiting list.I'm 10.excited(excite) we could do something to help others!Passage 3The Pacific Ocean is the 1.largest (large) of the Earth's oceans，covering about 46% of the Earth's water surface and 32% of its total surface area.It extends 2.from the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south，3.surrounded (surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.The Pacific Ocean contains about 25，000 islands.The 4.majority (major) of them are found south of the equator.5.The water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for 6.abundant (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.The surface circulation of Pacific waters is 7.generally (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is various，8.which is influenced by the ocean's great depths.In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand，natural gas is produced，and pearls 9.are harvested (harvest) along the coasts of Australia，Japan and the Philippines.One more thing worth 10.mentioning (mention) is that the Pacific's greatest wealth is its fish.Passage 4Finishing their shopping at the supermarket，a middleaged couple found their new car 1.stolen(steal)．They filed a report at the police station and a detective drove them back to the parking 2.to look(look) for evidence.To their 3.amazement(amaze)，the car had been returned and there was 4.a note in it that said：“I apologize for taking your car.My wife was having a baby and I had to send 5.her(she) to the hospital as soon as possible.Please forget the 6.inconvenience(convenience)．There are two tickets for tonight's Rowan Atkinson concert.”Their faith in humanity restored (恢复)．The couple attended the concert.But 7.when they returned home，they 8.immediately(immediate) found that their house 9.had been(be) ransacked (洗劫).10.On the bathroom mirror was another note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow，don't I？”Passage 51．An artist had a small daughter.Sometimes he painted women without any clothes on，and he and his wife always tried to keep the small girl out when he was doing this，“She is 2.too young to understand，”they said.But one day，when the artist 3.was painting(paint) a woman with no clothes on，he forgot 4.to lock(lock) the door，and the girl 5.suddenly(sudden) ran into the room.Her mother ran up the 6.stairs(stair) after her，but when she got to the room，the little girl was already in the room，7.looking(look) at the woman.Then her parents waited for her to speak.For a few 8.seconds(second) the little girl said nothing，but then she ran to her mother and said 9.angrily(angry)，“Why do you get her to go about 10.without shoes and socks on when you don't let me？”Passage 6In your daily life，there are many examples where your parents control hundreds 1.________things.Kids need this kind of 2.________(protect) and help because they are not old enough to take care of 3.________and make decisions 4.________ (correct)．But with you growing 5.________(old)，the part of being a teen is developing your own identity—one that 6.________(separate) from your parents.Different attitudes towards events like partying may lead to arguments，because your parents will always want to protect you and keep you safe，no matter how old you are.As 7.________result，your parents feel it hard to get used to the new situation with 8.________(increase) anxiety.What kids should keep in mind is 9.________in most cases，your parents can relate to what you're going through because they 10.________(be) teens once.【语篇解读】 在日常生活中，父母控制着孩子许多方面的事情。但是随着孩子的长大，父母就需要有不同的态度了。1．of [考查介词。hundreds of是固定短语，表示“许多，大量”。]2．protection [考查名词。this kind of后接名词，此处表示孩子需要这种保护和帮助。]3．themselves [考查反身代词。此处指代kids，故用themselves表示孩子们自己。]4．correctly [考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词短语make decisions，意为正确地做出决定。]5．older [考查形容词比较级。此处是由kid到teen，故用比较级。]6．is separated [考查动词的时态和语态。separate from是固定结构， “与……隔开”。此处是一般性的描述，故用一般现在时；又因为identity与separate是动宾关系，故用被动语态。]7．a [考查冠词。固定短语as a result“结果”。]8．increasing [考查现在分词。用现在分词作定语，指父母正在增长的担心。]9．that [考查表语从句。孩子应该记住的是大多数情况下，你的父母能理解你经历的事情，因为他们也曾经是青少年。]10．were [考查动词时态。由once可知，应用一般过去时。]
题型四 语法填空[学考真题链接]Passage 1(2021年1月广东省学业水平)Peter lived in a village. He was always upset and treated others 1.________(bad). He enjoyed himself by making other 2.________(villager) unhappy. So the whole village avoided 3.________(he) as much as they could. On the day when he turned eighty，4.________ unusual thing happened. Everyone 5.________(hear) the words “Peter looks happy today. Instead of 6.________(say) something bad，he smiles to everyone he meets.” When the whole village got together, Peter 7.________(ask) why. He answered, “I'd been running after ‘my happiness’ 8.________ eighty years，but it was 9. ________ (use). And then I decided to live without it and just enjoy life. That's the reason 10.________ I'm happy now.”1．badly [考查副词。此空在句中修饰动词treated，故用副词badly。]2．villagers [考查名词。other加复数名词，故填villagers。]3．him [考查代词。根据句意可知，所有村民尽可能避开他，此处应填人称代词的宾格作为avoided的宾语，故填him。]4．an [考查冠词。此空在句中修饰名词单数形式thing，表泛指，又因unusual的首字母为元音音素，故用不定冠词an。]5．heard [考查动词时态。根据前文“an unusual thing happened”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且everyone与hear之间为主谓关系，故填heard。]6．saying [考查名词。instead of接动名词，故填saying。]7．was asked [考查动词语态。根据后文“He answered”可知，此空应为Peter被问，故填was asked。]8．for [考查介词。eighty years为时间段，故填for。]9．useless [考查形容词。根据“but”表转折可知，应填useless。]10．why [考查定语从句。先行词reason表原因且从句不缺成分，故填why。]Passage 2(2019年1月广东省学业水平)Once，there lived a poor man in a small village.He was very clever but didn't want 1.________(work) at all.He lived on 2.________the villagers gave him every day.One day he got a basket of eggs 3.________a kind lady.He began to think that he would save eggs until they were in short supply.Then he could earn a small amount of money by 4.________(sell) them at a very good price.And then he would buy a couple of goats. Very soon，he would have 5.________large group of goats.The goat milk would bring him much more money.With the money，he would buy a cow.6.________(it)milk would bring him a lot of money.He would become much 7.________(rich)，build a big house and marry a pretty woman.They would have a lot of 8.________(child)．While he was lost in thought，9.________(unlucky)，he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground.He was very sad.That 10.________(bring) an end to the man's beautiful dream.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。从前有一个穷人，他很聪明但是不愿工作，靠村民们施舍生活。一天，他从一位好心的女士那里得到一篮子鸡蛋，于是开始了自己的幻想。当他陷入沉思时，不幸的是，他跌倒在一块石头上，所有的鸡蛋都掉到了地上，这结束了他美丽的梦想。1．to work [考查固定搭配。want to do sth.“想做某事”，故答案为to work。]2．what [考查宾语从句。句意：他靠村民每天给他的钱生活。此处介词on后面是一个宾语从句，从句中谓语动词跟双宾语，所以引导词起双重作用，故答案为what。]3．from [考查介词。句意：一天，他从一位好心的女士那里得到一篮子鸡蛋。结合句意可知，答案为from。]4．selling [考查固定搭配。固定搭配：by doing sth.“通过做某事”，故答案为selling。]5．a [考查固定词组。句意：很快，他就会有一大群山羊。固定词组：a large group of“一大群”，故答案为a。]6．Its [考查形容词性物主代词。句意：用这些钱，他会买一头奶牛，它的牛奶会给他带来很多钱。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为Its。]7．richer [考查比较级。句意：他会变得更富有，盖一所大房子，娶一个漂亮的女人。much放在比较级前面修饰比较级加强语气，故答案为richer。]8．children [考查名词复数。句意：他们会有很多孩子。a lot of修饰可数名词复数，故答案为children。]9．unluckily [考查副词。句意：当他陷入沉思时，不幸的是，他跌倒在一块石头上，所有的鸡蛋都掉到了地上。副词修饰整个句子，结合句意可知，答案为unluckily。]10．brought [考查时态。句意：这结束了他美丽的梦想。结合句意可知，句子用一般过去时，故答案为brought。][题型解法指导]【命题特点】设置该题型的目的在于考查学生在语境中正确运用语法知识的能力，以促进考生实际语言运用能力的提高。考查的重点为：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、词性转换、形容词和副词以及介词、代词、冠词和从句。设置题型有两种：一种为无提示词，主要考查冠词、代词、介词；另一种为有提示词，主要考查时态和语态、词性转化、非谓语动词、名词复数。【方法技巧】(1)根据语法知识填空：每个空都会涉及语法规则，全面考虑，具体分析，然后确定答案。(2)根据逻辑关系填空：如表示因果关系的词有thus，therefore，so等。(3)根据语篇标志词填空：如表示语篇结构层次的first，second等。(4)根据固定词组填空：如by the way，devote...to...等。(5)根据固定句型填空：如so...that...，spend time in doing等。【解题步骤】(1)通读全文，理解大意。(2)巧用已知，分析结构，确定词性。(3)复读全文，仔细核查，语法正确，语意贯通。[题型对点演练]Passage 1This is a true story.It happened in Amsterdam，Holland 1.in the early 1940s after the German Nazis had 2.occupied(occupy) most of Europe.The Nazi Party ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945.One of their key 3.policies(policy) was 4.to kill(kill) all the Jews in Europe.If any persons 5.known (know) to be Jews were found，they would be sent to concentration camp farther east，mostly in Poland.Families were separated and transported in trains.For many days，they went 6.without food，water，sanitation or fresh air.7.To avoid(avoid) this terrible fate，some Jewish families went into hiding，often with the help of nonJewish friends.This diary was 8.written(write) during the time 9.when Anne and her family moved to escape from 10.being killed(kill) by Nazis.Passage 2Our family bought 1.a new smart TV set last week.It is 2.really(real)cool！But we didn't know what we should do 3.with the old one.Then I saw an advertisement for TechHelp.TechHelp donates smart TV sets to people 4.who/that need them.So far，TechHelp has 5.donated(donate) more than 2，000 smart TV sets to different families across the country.Last year they gave smart TV sets to poor families.It is very easy to donate smart TV sets to TechHelp.Yesterday，my father and 6.I(me)took the old smart TV set to a local shop.Two hours later，TechHelp 7.collected (collect) it from the shop.They will clean the smart TV set and make it better.Right now，TechHelp is 8.giving(give)smart TV sets to families in Xinjiang.There 9.are(be)about 50 families on the waiting list.I'm 10.excited(excite) we could do something to help others!Passage 3The Pacific Ocean is the 1.largest (large) of the Earth's oceans，covering about 46% of the Earth's water surface and 32% of its total surface area.It extends 2.from the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south，3.surrounded (surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.The Pacific Ocean contains about 25，000 islands.The 4.majority (major) of them are found south of the equator.5.The water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for 6.abundant (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.The surface circulation of Pacific waters is 7.generally (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is various，8.which is influenced by the ocean's great depths.In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand，natural gas is produced，and pearls 9.are harvested (harvest) along the coasts of Australia，Japan and the Philippines.One more thing worth 10.mentioning (mention) is that the Pacific's greatest wealth is its fish.Passage 4Finishing their shopping at the supermarket，a middleaged couple found their new car 1.stolen(steal)．They filed a report at the police station and a detective drove them back to the parking 2.to look(look) for evidence.To their 3.amazement(amaze)，the car had been returned and there was 4.a note in it that said：“I apologize for taking your car.My wife was having a baby and I had to send 5.her(she) to the hospital as soon as possible.Please forget the 6.inconvenience(convenience)．There are two tickets for tonight's Rowan Atkinson concert.”Their faith in humanity restored (恢复)．The couple attended the concert.But 7.when they returned home，they 8.immediately(immediate) found that their house 9.had been(be) ransacked (洗劫).10.On the bathroom mirror was another note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow，don't I？”Passage 51．An artist had a small daughter.Sometimes he painted women without any clothes on，and he and his wife always tried to keep the small girl out when he was doing this，“She is 2.too young to understand，”they said.But one day，when the artist 3.was painting(paint) a woman with no clothes on，he forgot 4.to lock(lock) the door，and the girl 5.suddenly(sudden) ran into the room.Her mother ran up the 6.stairs(stair) after her，but when she got to the room，the little girl was already in the room，7.looking(look) at the woman.Then her parents waited for her to speak.For a few 8.seconds(second) the little girl said nothing，but then she ran to her mother and said 9.angrily(angry)，“Why do you get her to go about 10.without shoes and socks on when you don't let me？”Passage 6In your daily life，there are many examples where your parents control hundreds 1.________things.Kids need this kind of 2.________(protect) and help because they are not old enough to take care of 3.________and make decisions 4.________ (correct)．But with you growing 5.________(old)，the part of being a teen is developing your own identity—one that 6.________(separate) from your parents.Different attitudes towards events like partying may lead to arguments，because your parents will always want to protect you and keep you safe，no matter how old you are.As 7.________result，your parents feel it hard to get used to the new situation with 8.________(increase) anxiety.What kids should keep in mind is 9.________in most cases，your parents can relate to what you're going through because they 10.________(be) teens once.【语篇解读】 在日常生活中，父母控制着孩子许多方面的事情。但是随着孩子的长大，父母就需要有不同的态度了。1．of [考查介词。hundreds of是固定短语，表示“许多，大量”。]2．protection [考查名词。this kind of后接名词，此处表示孩子需要这种保护和帮助。]3．themselves [考查反身代词。此处指代kids，故用themselves表示孩子们自己。]4．correctly [考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词短语make decisions，意为正确地做出决定。]5．older [考查形容词比较级。此处是由kid到teen，故用比较级。]6．is separated [考查动词的时态和语态。separate from是固定结构， “与……隔开”。此处是一般性的描述，故用一般现在时；又因为identity与separate是动宾关系，故用被动语态。]7．a [考查冠词。固定短语as a result“结果”。]8．increasing [考查现在分词。用现在分词作定语，指父母正在增长的担心。]9．that [考查表语从句。孩子应该记住的是大多数情况下，你的父母能理解你经历的事情，因为他们也曾经是青少年。]10．were [考查动词时态。由once可知，应用一般过去时。]
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