高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Lights,camera,action!集体备课ppt课件

主谓一致

主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。

[观察思考]

①Actually，the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work，most of which takes place behind the scenes.

②These are often added after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect.

③Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects.

④He talked to historians to ensure that the details were correct and even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see what was left of the ship for himself.

⑤They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment!

⑥Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg，what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film­making.

[归纳用法]

英语中的主谓一致常见的有下列几种情况：

一、语法结构的一致

1．由连词and或both...and...连接的两个并列成分作主语，其谓语动词一般用复数。

Both Tom and his younger brother have passed the exam.汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。

注意：

(1)当and连接的两个词或词组表达的是同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。

The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。

(2)主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。

2．两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。

Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.

每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。

Every man and every woman is at work.

所有人都在工作。

Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。

3．在正式的文体中，由not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，or等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。there be句式也是如此。

Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come.

学生和老师都没来。

Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music.孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。

Either you or I am to blame.你或我该受责备。

There is a book and two pens on the desk.

书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。

二、意义一致原则

1．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Two miles is too far for the child.

两英里的路程对这个小孩来说太远了。

2．集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。

Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体)

His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体)

3．当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。

The police are searching for the missing child.

警方正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。

4．不定代词anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing，each，the other，either，neither等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.

既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。

5．代词none作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思来决定。但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。

None of them knows/know the answers.

他们中没有人知道答案。

None of the information about him has been received.

没收到一点关于他的消息。

6．专有名词作主语

表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

One Thousand and One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore.

《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。

The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.

联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。

7．不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting.如何解决这个问题将在会上讨论。

Whether he will help us doesn't matter too much.

他是否会帮我们关系不大。

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。

三、名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数

1．当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。

About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。

About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.

我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。

2．由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。

This new type of buses is now on show.

(Buses of this new kind are now on show.)

现在正展出这种新型的公共汽车。

All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.

必须克服各种各样的困难。

A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.

讲师之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。

3．a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)和a group of(一群，一组)修饰名词复数形式作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。试比较：

A number of students are from the south.

许多学生来自南方。

The number of students from the south is large.

来自南方的学生数量很多。

A variety of toys are on sale in that shop.那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。

The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.

那个商店出售的货物品种多得惊人。

4．a quantity of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a quantity of后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantities of后无论接复数名词还是不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。

A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time.

那时大量的牛奶被浪费了。

Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.

在深海处抓了很多鱼。

5．“many a＋单数名词”和“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，虽表示复数意义，但要遵循语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数。

Many a child was playing in the shade of the tree.

许多孩子在树荫下玩耍。

More than one student has passed the examination.

许多学生通过了考试。

6．(1)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。

(2)在“one of＋复数名词”结构后的定语从句中，one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词复数；the (only) one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词单数。

This is one of the books which were written in French.这是用法语写的书中的一本。

He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。

[即学即练]　完成句子

①看，有一张我家人的照片，在上面有四个人。

Look，there is a photo of my family and there are four people in it.

②珍妮和她的父母正在那里吃晚饭。

Jenny with her parents is having dinner there.

③在我们学校里学生的人数大约是九百。

The number of the students in our school is about nine hundred．

④不仅年轻人，老年人也对微信(WeChat)变得有兴趣了。

Not only the young but also the old are getting interested in WeChat.

⑤时间流逝，四年真的是一段很短的时间。

How time flies! Four years is really a short time．

⑥大约五分之三的陆地被树木和草覆盖。

About three fifths of the land is covered with trees and grass．

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The teacher and writer is(be) respected by all the people.

2．Not only his friends，but also he himself is(be) looking forward to the meeting.

3．That our teacher is going to leave us makes(make) us disappointed.

4．The family have(have) different opinions about their going abroad.

5．This kind of shoes is(be) popular with young women.

6．A library with five thousand books is(be) offered to the nation as a gift.

7．Two fifths of the prize money is(be) donated to the school.

8．Many a student has(have) made the same mistake since yesterday.

9．The Olympic Games are(be) held once every four years.

10．Neither my gloves nor my hat goes(go) with the dress.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

Thirty years 1.is(be) not a long period in history，but every man and every woman 2.has changed(change) a lot in the past thirty years.When it comes to the development of China，none of us 3.doubt(s)(doubt) that either the surroundings or the policy 4.has benefited(benefit) us a great deal.With thirty years' development，China，along with its people，5.is standing(stand) higher on the stage of the world.Although there 6.exists(exist) an environmental problem and other ones，like housing and crimes，the public 7.have(have) a strong belief that tomorrow will be better.Whether we can realize our dream 8.depends(depend) on our own effort.To construct our country 9.is(be) a great honour，so not only you but also I 10.am(be) the one who should be devoted to making our country a splendid one.