牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 2 Be sporty,be healthy课文内容ppt课件

现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态

一、现在进行时的被动语态

[观察思考]

①We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.

②Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you.

③I wonder what is being done to help you.

④So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.

⑤A project about protecting the natural resources is being designed.

[归纳用法]

(一)形式

(二)用法

1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。

She is being examined by a doctor.

她正在接受医生的检查。

2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作在此时此刻不一定发生。

A new station is being built.

一个新的车站正在建设中。

3．表示经常性的被动行为，常与always，constantly 等词连用。

He is always being praised by the teacher.

他总是被老师表扬。

4．与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。

He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.

此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。

[注意事项]

1．不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。

2．一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般不用于进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。

3．“be＋in/on/under等＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①We can't use our classroom，for it is being painted (paint) now.

②—I don't suppose the teacher knows who broke the vase.

—Well，surprisingly she does.Tom has been called and is being questioned(question) now.

③Kevin is happy because he is being praised(praise) by the teacher in class now.

④No decision will be made (make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.

二、现在完成时的被动语态

[观察思考]

①He has been admitted to the club.

②Tom's novel has not been published.

③Has his bike been repaired?

④Who has been invited?

⑤Over time he has been changed quite a lot.

[归纳用法]

(一)形式

(二)用法

1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since等连用。

The room has already been cleaned.

这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。

The machine has been repaired for two hours.

这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)

3．用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。

You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished.

在完成作业之前你不应该离开学校。

[注意事项]

1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The park was opened to the public last year.

去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)

The park has been opened to the public.

这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)

2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。

The work was finished two weeks ago.

这项工作在两周前完成的。

The work has been finished.

这项工作已经完成。

3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It is said that the problem has been looked into.

据说已经调查这个问题了。

4．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

We have built many houses in the past ten years.

→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.

5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

We have given him the book.

→He has been given the book.

→The book has been given to him.

6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

I have told them to help you.

→They have been told to help you.

[即学即练2]　把下列句子变为被动语态

①This company has produced new types of computers.

→New types of computers have been produced.

②Mum has not given me some money when I came back to school.

→I have not been given some money when I came back to school.

→Some money has not been given to me when I came back to school.

③Has the little girl asked you to help her with her English?

→Have you been asked to help the little girl with her English?

④His father has made him work hard.

→He has been made to work hard by his father.

⑤We have made use of all of our time.

→All of our time has been made use of.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．These children are being looked(look) after by an old man now.

2．How many cars have been made(make) in the factory since 1990?

3．Since your work has been finished(finish)，you can have a rest now.

4．Many interesting experiments are being carried(carry) out these days.

5．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what has been marked(mark)．

6．Three new schools have been opened(open) in our city in the past five years.

7．Wait a minute.The dishes for the dinner are being cooked(cook) in the kitchen.

8．They are living with their parents because their own house is being rebuilt(rebuild)．

9．Every possible means has been tried (try) to stop the bad behaviour，but they don't work at all.

10．Over the past ten years，this town has been hit (hit) twice by earthquakes.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

A university student who recently 1.has been charged (charge) with stealing 2.is seeking(seek) professional help after 3.being convicted(convict) of shoplifting for the second time in six months.

Luz，who 4.lives(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Road，Cambridge，5.admitted (admit) stealing clothes worth ￡9.95 from Lewis in Oxford Street，London，on March 9.

Philip Lomoyne，prosecuting(起诉)，said Luz selected some clothes from a display and 6.took (take) them to the ladies' toilet in the store.When she came out again she 7.was wearing(wear) one of the skirts she 8.had selected (select)，9.having taken(take) off the anti­theft security alarm(安全防盗报警)．Recently she 10.has been caught (catch) and apologized for her actions.