高考英语二轮复习考点练习考点18 介词-关系代词引导的定语从句 (含解析)

考点18  ＂介词＋关系代词＂引导的定语从句

高考频度：★★★☆☆

考向一 ＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句

●＂介词＋关系代词＂的用法

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句。如果指＂人＂，用＂介词＋whom＂；如果指＂物＂，用＂介词＋which＂。

●＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用

1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。

☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.

我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。

2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。

☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.

约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。

3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.

他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)

●在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。

●＂of which / whom＂有时可以用＂whose＋名词＂结构来改写。

●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。

(2020·天津卷7月·单项填空)  Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.

A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。

考向二 定语从句与其他句型的区别

一、限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别

关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词，而引导同位语从句时则没有与他们含义相应的先行词。

☞Sorry, I’ve forgot the day when we met for the first time.

 抱歉，我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。（定语从句，先行词the day 与when含义相应）

☞I’ve no idea when we met for the first time.

我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。（同位语从句，idea与when没有任何联系）

二、定语从句与时间状语从句的区别

当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词，只能放在先行词的后面；而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。

☞Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）

☞It was already five o’clock when the class was over.

=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.

当课结束时，已经是五点钟了。（时间状语从句）

三、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别

当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。

☞This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.

这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句）

☞Let’s go where we can find a better job.

我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）

四、定语从句与强调句型的区别

定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。

It is a book that he wants.

它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。

五、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别

定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分，因而从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词不作任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。

☞It is such an interesting book as we all like.

 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（定语从句）

☞It is such an interesting book that we all like it.

它是一本如此有趣的书，我么大家都喜欢它。（结果状语从句）

比较：It is such an interesting book that we all like. 强调句型。意思是：我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣的书。

六、定语从句与独立主格结构的区别

定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整；而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。

☞The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣，我们大家都喜欢它。

☞The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。

1.（2020·新课标II卷· 短文改错）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.

【答案】what → which

【解析】考查定语从句。本句是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词 是 your letter，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处应用指物的 which。

2.（2020·新课标III卷·短文改错）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.

【答案】what → that

【解析】考查定语从句。 此处考查定语从句。先行词为 the food，不定代词all 作其定语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 that。

3.（2020·天津卷·单项填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.

A. which B. when C. where D. who

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。

题组一 基础过关

1. Is this the watch you bought it last month?

2. This is the bicycle factory where we visited last week.

3. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of that have gone bad.

4.1 bought my sister a big toy, what delighted her greatly.

5. she, wore the same dress that her young sister wore.

6. The original hamburger can be traced back to the Middle Ages, which Russians ate raw meat that was cut into small pieces and formed into a small round flat shape.

7. There is a big window in my room, from which I can see the railway station.

8. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.

9. Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, which some have stood out among them.

10. Like we all can see, teachers are badly needed in our country, but not many of us want to become teachers.

II．短文改错

On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them, saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally, we agreed that it would be deciding by my dad, whom didn’t return home from work. Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us caring the dog, I felt very happy.

题组二 能力提升

I.单项填空

1.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ________ they can be controlled on purpose.

A.with which      B.to which   

C.of which       D.for which

2.Gun control is a subject_________ Americans have argued for a long time.

A.of which       B.with which 

C.about which      D.into which

3.Eric received training in computer for one year, ___________ he found a job in a big company.

A.after that       B.after which 

C.after it       D.after this

4.True friendship is like health, the value___________is seldom known until it is lost.

A.of it        B.on which

C.of whom       D.of which

5.With more than 17 000 islands, _________ _only 6 000 are inhabited, Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago (群岛).

A.on which       B.for which 

C.of which       D.along which

6. Pointing to the house on ____________ roof grew lots of bushes, the old man told me that was ____________ I would stay.

A. its；what      B. whose；what   

C. whose；where     D. its；where

7. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ____________ tireless work, none of these would be possible.

A. which       B. whom     

C. whose       D. that

8. —Have you known Jane for long?

—Not very long, ______________ we started to serve the World Expo in Milan.

A. after       B. before     

C. when       D. since

9. —He wrote a lot of novels, none of ____________ were popular.   

—It’s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ___________ was a success.    

A. these；them        B. which；which   

C. those；which        D. which；them   

10. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____________ he grew up as a child.

A. which        B. where 

C. that         D. when

II. 语篇填空

用适当的关系词填空

Do you know the man __1__wrote this book？He was Jason，one of the engineers __2__came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory __3__my father once worked. When he came to China，the first thing __4__ he did was to visit the factory __5__did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason __6__China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute __7__he could spare to help China develop transportation.__8__is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner __9__made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to __10__we should say thanks.

题组三体验真题

1.（2020·新课标II卷· 短文改错）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.

2.（2020·新课标III卷·短文改错）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.

3.（2020·天津卷·单项填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.

A. which B. when C. where D. who

4.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).

5.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

A. which B. what C. when D. that

题组一 基础过关

I．单句改错

1.去掉it句意:这是你上个月买的那块表吗?后面是省略了that的定语从句，that指代the watch,在从句中作宾语it多余故删除。注意that 在定语从句中作主语时不可省略，但作宾语时可以省略。

2. where→ which/that句意:这就是我们上周参观的那个自行车厂。visit是及物动词定语从句中缺少宾语、故将where改成which或that。

3. that→ which向道做子里有许多苹果.其中一些已经烂了。此处为介调+关系代词司引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词apples为物，故用which不用that.

4. what→  which句意：我给妹妹买了一个大玩具，这让她非常开心。此处为which 引导的非限制性定语从句, which指代前面的主句。

5. that→ as句意:她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。根据句意应用as引导从句，指一样的但不是同一条裙子。

6. which→ when分析句子结构可知。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为"the Middle Ages"关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。

7. which→ where句意:我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。此处from where引导非限制性定语从句, 表示“从窗户那里”。

8. that→ which句意:太阳释放光和热，这使得植物的生长成为了可能。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句,所以用which.

9. which-where句意:《中国 新歌声》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。此处为where引导的非限制性定语从句。指代先行词stage,在从句中充当地点状语.

10. Like→ As此处指“正 如我们看到的那样”.分析句子结构可知.此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句。故将Like改为As。

II．短文改错

第一处： hopelessly→ hopeless  作表语表小狗所处的状态，故用其形容词形式。

第二处：去掉was 我紧紧地抱着它，不表被动，故不用被动形式。

第三处：feed→fed 时态应与上下文保持一致，故用一般过去时。

第四处：them→ it 此处指妈妈不愿意收养这只小狗，故用单数it。

第五处：was →were 说家里的宠物够多了，两只猫一只狗，故谓语动词用复数形式。

第六处：deciding→decided 这件事由爸爸决定，此处表被动语态be + done 。

第七处：whom→who  关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用主格形式who。

第八处：the→a   名词girl女孩为可数名词且在文中首次出现，应用不定冠词修饰。

第九处：pets→pet 此处指丢失的那条小狗，故用单数形式。

第十处：caring 前添加 for  固定结构“thank sb for doing sth”。

题组二 能力提升

I.单项填空

1. 【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语的用法。句意：人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。本句是定语从句，先行词是the degree，to the degree是固定短语，意为＂到……程度＂，关系词which在从句中作to的宾语，本句将从句中的介词to提至关系词which前面了。故选B。

2. 【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：对枪的控制是美国人一直争论的一个话题。argue about意为＂争论＂；argue with意为＂和……争论＂，所以此处应用介词about。故选C。 

3. 【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。在这个非限制性定语从句中，先行词是＂Eric received training in computer for one year＂这件事，关系词在从句中作介词after的宾语，所以关系词应用which。故选B。

4. 【答案】D

【解析】考查＂介词+关系代词＂结构。句意：真正的友谊犹如健康，直到失去时才知其可贵。此处不能用＂介词+指示代词＂结构；先行词为friendship，指物，故不能用whom；此处表示所属关系，故介词只能用of，所以B项不符合句意。故选D。

【温馨提示】本题易误选A项或者C项。但是考生需要注意,用whom时先行词应指人；如选A,可在逗号后加上连词and。 

5. 【答案】C

 【解析】考查＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知选C。of which中的which指17 000 islands,17 000 islands为先行词。

6. 【答案】 C 

【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：老人指着那个屋顶上长着许多灌木的房子对我说，那就是我将要待的地方。house是先行词，与roof是所属关系，故用whose引导；＂that was ________ I would stay＂是told的宾语从句，该从句中that是主语，＂_________ I would stay＂是表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导。

7. 【答案】C 

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们特别感谢数以千计的志愿者们，没有他们不知疲倦的工作，所有这些都不可能做到。volunteers与tireless work是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语。

8. 【答案】 D 

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：——你认识Jane很久了吗？——认识的时间不长，是从我们开始服务于米兰世博会时认识的。根据句意可知，应选since，表示＂自……以来，自……以后＂。

9.【答案】D

【解析】本题很容易误选A、B。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of...没有并列连词（说明它才是非限制性定语从句，所以其后填which）；而后面一句的none of...前有一并列连词but（说明它与前面一句构成并列句，所以其后填them）。

10.【答案】 B

【解析】定语从句中有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句中则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用

＂介词+which＂来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。题中the small town是先行词，为定语从句，故填where，也可用in which替换。

II. 语篇填空

1.who/that　  2.who/that　  3.where　  4.that   5.which/that　

6.why　   7.that　   8.As　   9.who/that  10.whom

题组三体验真题

1.【答案】what → which

【解析】考查定语从句。本句是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词 是 your letter，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处应用指物的 which。

2.【答案】what → that

【解析】考查定语从句。 此处考查定语从句。先行词为 the food，不定代词all 作其定语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 that。

3.【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。

4．【答案】who/that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。

5.【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。