高考英语二轮复习考点练习考点43完形填空议论文 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语二轮复习考点练习考点43完形填空议论文 (含解析)，共25页。试卷主要包含了 开门见山，直接提出论点， 导入式提出论点， 水到渠成式得出结论， 理清文章的论点、论据和结论， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点43 完形填空议论文
高考频度：★★☆☆☆

议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。
议论文是一种剖析事理、论述事物、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种体裁，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据和结论。做好这类题的关键在于要抓住作者的论点。
议论文中对于论点的提出通常有三种形式：
1. 开门见山，直接提出论点
在有些议论文中作者开头就提出论点，通过论证，最后提出自己的看法，或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。一般来说，这种形式的议论文作者态度明确，我们也能很容易地把握作者对某一件事的看法。
2. 导入式提出论点
在有些议论文中，作者并不是直接提出自己的观点，而是通过对某一现象的论述来赞扬或批评某一事物，进而提出自己的观点，然后再用具体的论据去证明自己的观点。
3. 水到渠成式得出结论
在有些议论文中作者开头只是列举一系列生活中的现象，而不是表明自己的观点，通过对具体现象的分析，最后自然得出结论，而此结论就是文章的论点。
议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此，我们对整个文章的把握相对来说也难得多。解答这类题要遵循下列原则：
1. 从首尾句入手，抓住中心
议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。因此，文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见，我们必须充分利用文章的首尾句，推测出文章的中心，从而理解全文。
2. 紧扣信息词，把握作者观点
考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点，而是对某个事物的介绍或描述，然后用信息词，如but，however，yet等将自己的观点引出，因此，阅读时一定要特别留意这些信息词。
3. 从语境入手，确定逻辑关系
句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过on the one hand, on the other hand, as a result, as a consequence, on the contrary, above all, first of all, secondly, finally, in case等单词或短语表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些单词或短语，而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中，这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。
4. 理清文章的论点、论据和结论
如果我们连论点、论据、结论都没把握住的话，只能是漫无目的地选择答案了。一般说来，能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证，且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点与论据相辅相承，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点与论据相悖，最后的结论与论点自相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性，我们就需重新来理顺文章的各部分，直到条理清楚为止，然后再根据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。

Children and young people tend to have certain role models – people they want to be like when they grow  　1　. Though 　2　children would have wished to copy their mother, father or a (n) 　3　 relative, gradually these role models are thought of as famous people or popular  　4　.
People have different opinions about 　5　popular stars or other famous people are good role models for children. Charming models, such as Katie Price, are often admired and 　6　by young girls. This is the biggest worry of parents and teachers. They wish to  　7　 the concept that success is achieved through hard work and  　8　 rather than an attractive looking.
Most people tend to grow up to be those who are 　9　 home – their parents or family friends. Some decide to be like their favorite teacher. A child who loves to  　10　 may want to grow to be the next Picasso or Van Gogh; Someone who loves to 　11　might imagine themselves as a famous writer; if a child enjoys dancing, he or she  　12　 well admire a famous dancer, but this is not the  　13　. A lot of dance students wish to be like their  　14　 teacher.
Therefore, the job of a teacher is   　15　 just providing knowledge of a given subject. They should be able to  　16　 their students’ trust and    　17　 them well. Helping youngsters to learn from models, to learn how to accept   　18　 with grace and losing with dignity, is central to any parent’s or teacher’s job. Manners are very important and a dance teacher can  　19　 his or her position and influence to   　20　 good behaviors to youngsters.
1. A. younger B. stronger C. older D. taller
2. A. at first B. at last C. at least D. at most
3. A. generous B. humorous C. ordinary D. favorite
4. A. fans B. singers C. stars D. dancers
5. A. that B. whether C. why D. if
6. A. caught up with B. looked down upon C. thought highly of D. made fun of
7. A. hold B. encourage C. receive D. ignore
8. A. luck B. effort C. imagination D. creativity
9. A. similar to B. far from C. close to D. different from
10. A. read and write B. sing and dance C. draw and paint D. listen and speak
11. A. dance B. think C. sing D. read
12. A. may B. should C. must D. need
13. A. case B. trouble C. matter D. deal
14. A. art B. music C. piano D. dance
15. A. better than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
16. A. accept B. lose C. receive D. gain
17. A. negotiate with B. communicate with C. keep up with D. put up with
18. A. challenging B. failing C. winning D. falling
19. A. take charge of B. lose control of C. get rid of D. make use of
20. A. introduce B. press C. turn D. push
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。很多青少年都将名人或明星作为自己的偶像。人们对这种现象持不同观点。作者认为，作为教师或家长，他们的中心任务就是要引导青少年正确的向偶像学习，以正确的态度对待成功和失败。
1.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。young年轻的；strong强壮的，结实的；old老的；tall高的。由语境可知，孩子和年轻人都有自己的偶像。他们长大之后想成为像自己偶像那样的人。故C选项切题。
2.A【解析】考查短语辨析。at first起初；at last最后；at least至少；at most至多。由后文的＂gradually＂可知，起初，孩子们会把自己的父母或亲戚作为自己的偶像。故A选项正确。
3.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous慷慨的；humorous幽默的；ordinary普通的；favorite最喜欢的。由语境可知，孩子把亲戚作为自己的偶像，由此可以推知，这个亲戚肯定是他最喜欢的。故D选项切题。
4.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fan迷；singer歌手；star明星，星星；dancer跳舞者，舞蹈演员。由语境可知，逐渐地，孩子的偶像就会变成名人或明星。故C选项切题。下文第一句中亦有提示。
5.B【解析】考查宾语从句。由语境可知，人们对于以名人或明星作为偶像是否对孩子们好持不同观点。故B选项切题。
6.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。catch up with赶上；look down upon看不起；think highly of高度赞扬；make fun of取笑。该空和前面的admire并列，年轻的女孩子们对Katie Price评价很高，经常赞美她，以她为偶像。故C选项切题。
7.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。hold拿，握；encourage鼓励；receive收到；ignore忽略。由语境可知，父母希望鼓励这样一个观念：成功是通过努力获得的而不是通过迷人的外表获得的。故B选项切题。
8.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。luck运气；effort努力；imagination想象力；creativity创造力。该空和前面的hard work并列，故B选项切题。成功是通过努力获得的。B选项切题。
9.C【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。similar to与……相似；far from远离……；close to离……近；different from和……不同。由后文的their parents or family friends可知，大部分人长大之后往往成为和自己离得近的人。故C选项切题。
10.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。read and write读写；sing and dance唱歌跳舞；draw and paint画画和绘画；listen and speak听和写。Picasso or Van Gogh都是画家的名字，故可知，喜欢画画的孩子希望成为下一个毕加索或梵高。C选项切题。
11.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。dance跳舞；think想，认为；sing唱；read读。由后文的＂writer＂可知，喜欢阅读的人希望自己成为一名作家。故D选项切题。
12.A【解析】考查情态动词。may可能，可以；should应该；must必须；need需要，必要。may well意为＂很可能＂。一个喜欢跳舞的人很可能想成为一名著名的舞蹈家。故A选项切题。
13.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。case情况，案例，病例；trouble麻烦；matter事情，问题，物质；deal协定，交易，大量。由语境可知，情况并非总是如此。A选项切题。
14.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。art艺术；music音乐；piano钢琴；dance舞蹈。很多学舞蹈的学生希望成为像他们舞蹈老师那样的人。故D选项切题。
15.B【解析】考查短语辨析。better than比……好；more than超过，比……多；rather than 而不是；less than比……少。由语境可知，老师的工作不仅仅只是向学生传授知识。B选项切题。
16.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accept接受；lose失去；receive收到；gain获得。由语境可知，老师应该能够获得学生的信任。故D选项切题。
17.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。negotiate with和……谈判，协商；communicate with和……交流；keep up with 跟上；put up with容忍，忍受。由语境可知，老师应该获得学生的信任并且和学生进行良好的交流。故B选项切题。
18.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。challenge挑战；fail失败；win获胜；fall落下，摔倒。由语境可知，教师或者父母的中心职责就是要帮助青少年像偶像学习，教给他们如何优雅地接受胜利，如何在失败的时候保持尊严。win和后文的lose对应。故C选项切题。
19.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。take charge of负责，管理；lose control of失去对……的控制；get rid of摆脱，除去；make use of利用。由语境可知，舞蹈老师可以利用自己的职位和影响将好的行为介绍给青少年。故D选项切题。
20.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。introduce介绍，引入；press按，压；turn翻转，转动；push推，逼迫。结合上一题解析可知，A选项切题。

题组一（高考真题）
Cloze 1(2015·福建卷)
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1　 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 　2　 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 　3　 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 　4　 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 　5　 person.
Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 　6　. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 　7　 to deal with was that the day before the 　8　, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 　9　 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 　10　. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 　11　 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 　12　 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 　13　 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 　14　 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 　15　 of the world. I’m not suggesting you 　16　 problems, or that you pretend things are 　17　 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 　18　 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 　19　.
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 　20　, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
13. A. family B. life C. career D. education
14. A. so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
18. A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far
19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity
Cloze 2 (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 　1　at work in people of all 　2　.For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 　3　with their new toys. But their 　4　soon wears off and by January those 　5　toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 　6　stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 　7　interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 　8　bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 　9　of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 　10　but are soon looking forward to 　11　.The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 　12　, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 　13　drove for hours at a time when they first 　14　their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 　15　to do a lot of 　16　things, which they never had 　17　to do while working. But 　18　after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 　19　.And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 　20　.
1. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power
2. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages
3. A. working B. living C. playing D. going
4. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
5. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive
6. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled
7. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main
8. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly
9. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game
10. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement
11. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success
12. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees
13. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely
14. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered
15. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan
16. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct
17. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge
18. A. only B. well C. even D. soon
19. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit
20. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues
题组二（2020年名校模拟题）
Close 1（2020·上海市实验学校月考）
Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless—a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would 1 resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as unfair.
Almost 1 of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don't use cash during a typical week of purchases, according to the Pew study released this week. The findings reveal life that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring 2 in Sweden, India and China. But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops do that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind— individuals without the 3 to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.
The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would 4 internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push 5 efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York and Philadelphia. 6 cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say. "Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose 7 to low-income communities that may not have access to credit or debit," New York Council member Torres said on Twitter when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice.
According to the Pew study, the decline in the use of 8 currency is uneven among the population when race, age and income are accounted for. Pew found a significant 9 in cashless adoption tied to annual household income, with adults making at least $75,000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, 10 with people who make less than $30,000. The Pew findings suggest that the 11 of going cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear. Americans with lower incomes are roughly four times as likely than higher earners to make almost all of their purchases with cash, according to the study.
As has been noted, business leaders have 12 cashless policies by pointing to higher security and 13 customer service and efficiency. Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the 14 banking system with more affordable options, attacking the root cause behind the 15 of cashless payments.
1．A．set up B．put up C．back up D．step up
2．A．deposits B．exchanges C．shifts D．currencies
3．A．ideas B．means C．directions D．outlets
4．A．attract B．exclude C．advance D．include
5．A．opposite B．associated C．similar D．collective
6．A．While B．Provided C．Because D．As
7．A．discounts B．traps C．challenges D．risks
8．A．electronic B．physical C．virtual D．circulating
9．A．similarity B．expense C．gap D．consumption
10．A．linked B．associated C．combined D．compared
11．A．outcomes B．effects C．benefits D．disadvantages
12．A．adopted B．defended C．developed D．criticized
13．A．hindered B．accomplished C．improved D．desired
14．A．traditional B．fading C．aggressive D．unqualified
15．A．transformations B．developments C．criticisms D．creations

Close 2（2020·上海宝山·月考）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
As a child, what did you want to be when you grew up? If you were like most children, you probably let your imagination run 16 . Maybe you dreamed of flying into space or being a famous chef. Then perhaps over the years, your dreams became more 17 Or you might have given up on some altogether.
If that’s the case, then today’s the day for you. January 13th is Make Your Dreams Come True Day. If you’ve been 18 fulfilling your dreams, this is the day to make a fresh start.
It’s important to dream because dreams can give us the 19 to succeed in life. Dreams inspire and motivate us. The great thing about dreams is that there’s no 20 to accomplish them right away. They might take a few years or they might take a lifetime to 21 . The important thing is that you’re 22 working toward your dream. And the best way to do that is by setting goals.
What is the 23 between a dream and a goal? It’s been said that dreams are the final destination; goals are the stops along the way.
Dreams can be very 24 . But the steps you take to reach them should be very 25 . Your dreams state what you want, but goals explain how you’ll get there. That makes goal seting a necessary step in 26 your dreams.
Many successful people have spoken about dreams. Former U. S. Secretary of State Colin Powell stressed the 27 of working for our dreams. “A dream doesn’t become reality through magic: it takes sweat, 28 and hard work. “Author Les Brown reminded us that dreams have no 29 limit. You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.
If you’ve been dreaming about doing something for years, start today. Write down yo dream, and 30 your goals. Then you’ll be on your way to making your dreams come true.
16．A．fast B．high C．well D．wild.
17．A．colorful B．amazing C．realistic D．attractive
18．A．putting off B．taking off C．getting off D．paying off
19．A．opportunity B．direction C．energy D．access
20．A．pressure B．doubt C．sense D．need
21．A．seek B．achieve C．explain D．design
22．A．really B．almost C．always D．hardly
23．A．concept B．similarity C．comparison D．difference
24．A．unreal B．general C．changeable D．flexible
25．A．specific B．abstract C．common D．complicated
26．A．imaging B．avoiding C．reaching D．believing
27．A．process B．benefit C．consequence D．importance
28．A．blood B．determination C．intelligence D．loyalty
29．A．age B．extra C．space D．normal
30．A．transfer B．convert C．establish D．devote

Close 3（2020·上海市北虹高级中学月考）
Is Helicopter Parenting Necessary?
We’ve all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting. Remaining too 46 in a kid’s life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement.
Superficially, this wisdom is sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling backlash(反冲). The concern: warnings that moms and dads should 47 “the over parenting trap”—are discouraging parents from getting involved at all.
Yes, parents can be intrusive. 48 , there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family. One mom kept 49 about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in.”
That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to 50 parents who get too involved, now have a different 51 . But the solution to both is the same: devising ways to channel moms and dads into the right kind of 52 role.
Much of this began because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students 53 with their parents like never before, thanks to smartphones. And with 54 in education soaring, university leaders have started to view parents as investment partners. Most of them have paid for this education for their children or gone into debt for this education. And in some sense, they’re entitled to know and be assured that colleges are 55 their children’s welfare.
Crucially, parent-outreach programs have also served as buffers(缓冲), 56 students—or worse, their professors—the discomfort of the nagging. At the University of Maryland, for example, the parent office has handled 57 for weekly academic-progress reports, which do not exist in higher education. Parents just want to know they have a place to go where someone will listen to their concerns.
But now, with some moms and dads cautious of even contacting the school in the first place, those same programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often via blogs, email and Facebook. Parents are now advised to be a guide, while acknowledging that the 58 owns the journey. That means asking questions, listening to answers, being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues 59 , or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while. “When you think about it, helicopters are useful tools,” says Chelsea Petree, who is launching a parent-outreach program. “They can see things we on the 60 can’t see and get to emergencies quicker than we can. They can swoop in when needed. The key is that they go back up.”
46．A．independent B．involved C．attached D．enclosed
47．A．set B．sense C．avoid D．ensure
48．A．Besides B．Similarly C．Actually D．However
49．A．alert B．quiet C．informed D．concerned
50．A．cope with B．identify with C．turn down D．settle down
51．A．attitude B．problem C．approach D．nature
52．A．supportive B．informative C．neutral D．superior
53．A．communicated B．matched C．obsessed D．connected
54．A．complaints B．costs C．demands D．sufferings
55．A．taking care of B．keeping track of C．looking forward to D．taking part in
56．A．costing B．winning C．granting D．sparing
57．A．demands B．passion C．distraction D．priorities
58．A．professor B．parent C．student D．college
59．A．persist B．exist C．arise D．decline
60．A．surface B．ground C．panel D．craft
Close4 （2019·上海高三）
Growing Adoption of Green Cleaning
When we clean the bathroom, we’ve got all kinds of stuff to help us out: a cleaning solution that removes dirty marks from the shower walls and something in a squeeze bottle that makes the toilet sparkling clean. When all is done, the room is neat and clean, 61 dirt and bacteria. There’s just one problem—the 62 we used to clean can be harmful to people and the environment. For this reason, many people say that traditional cleaners should be 63 and replaced with less harmful “green” products.
The problem 64 the fact that some cleaning products contain harsh chemicals that just aren’t healthy for humans, animals, or the planet. Think of the 65 coming from a factory and getting into the air. The smoke creates air pollution, which harms the environment and makes us feel ill when we breathe it in. 66 , the chemicals in cleaning products pollute the air and can hurt us when we breathe them in or when they get on our skin. However, not all cleaning products are harmful. Green products, which do not contain harsh chemicals, are said to be good 67 because they are effective at cleaning and are safe for people and for the planet.
68 about chemicals has led many states to require schools and government buildings to use environmentally friendly cleaning products instead of products containing poisonous chemicals. Last year, 10 states required the use of green products and at least 5 other states were considering 69 in support of these products. A proposed bill would apply to bathroom and floor cleaners, hand soap, toilet paper, paper towels, and etc.
Many green cleaning products are widely available at prices 70 traditional products. In some cases, manufacturers receive green certifications for products they have long had on the market, and the prices of these products remain low. But not everyone shares the view about the
71 of green products. Toilet paper, trash bags and paper towel made from recycled materials can cost up to 20% more than traditional products, said Stephen, director of the Green Cleaning Network.
So, 72 of the proposed legislation are concerned about the potentially higher costs for some green products. These critics say that states should not determine which products 73 institutes and agencies must buy, especially if they increase costs, since many universities are already struggling financially. Some states have made compromises ( 妥 协 ) to help 74 concerns about costs. In Wisconsin, a recent adjustment to the bill would give schools and agencies three years instead of one to begin using green products. It would also 75 them to quit if they could show that their costs would increase.
61．A．far from B．free of C．none but D．filled with
62．A．brushes B．cloth C．solutions D．paper
63．A．recycled B．renewed C．reserved D．rejected
64．A．accounts for B．results in C．stems from D．turns out
65．A．smoke B．drains C．products D．spray
66．A．Nevertheless B．Similarly C．Obviously D．Meanwhile
67．A．alternatives B．maintenance C．production D．resolutions
68．A．Complaint B．Concern C．Investigation D．Knowledge
69．A．campaign B．debate C．legislation D．vote
70．A．higher than B．cheaper than C．similar to D．based on
71．A．affordability B．availability C．feasibility D．practicality
72．A．supporters B．directors C．lawyers D．opponents
73．A．academic B．industrial C．medical D．financial
74．A．evaluate B．emphasize C．voice D．address
75．A．advise B．encourage C．allow D．sponsor

题组一
Cloze 1
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述Kerry从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会感恩生活的人，告诉我们＂要管好你的嘴＂，寻回昔日对生活的热情。
1.B 【解析】从下文内容可知，本文作者不赞同人们老是挑毛病，所以用great表示当你不忙于挑毛病时生活会很精彩。
2.A 【解析】receive a letter from sb. ＂收到某人的来信＂。
3.C 【解析】根据下文的＂People were always doing things that annoyed her＂(人们做的事总是惹她生气)可知，此处用bother表示＂使(某人)烦恼＂。
4.D【解析】根据and前面的句子可知，此处表示＂没有一件事情她觉得好＂，所以用nothing。
5.B 【解析】此处用boring表示＂令人厌烦的＂。
6.A 【解析】根据下文可知，这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude ＂态度＂。
7.D 【解析】事故发生前一天Kerry拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知，这使得事情几乎无法应对。
8.C【解析】根据上文的＂it took a horrible accident＂ 可知，此处选C。
9.D 【解析】 Kerry批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。choice ＂选择＂。
10.C 【解析】空处所在的句子是定语从句，various other things 是先行词，关系词that/which 代替先行词在从句中作宾语，所以用express＂表达＂。
11.A 【解析】直到她的朋友严重受伤Kerry才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aware of ＂意识到＂；afraid of ＂害怕＂；curious about ＂好奇＂；confused about ＂感到困惑＂。
12. C 【解析】 judge ＂判断，评价＂。此处judge … harshly和上文的＂appreciate life＂形成对比。
13. B【解析】她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。
14. C【解析】上下文是转折关系，所以用but。
15. D 【解析】be critical of 和find fault with是同义短语。
16. D【解析】根据上下文可知，不挑剔并不意味着忽视问题。ignore ＂忽视＂。
17. B【解析】或者假装事情比真实情况要好。
18. A【解析】至少大多数时候是这样的。at least ＂至少＂。
19. B 【解析】a big deal是固定搭配，含义为＂重要的事情＂。
20. A【解析】根据上下文可知，要做到这一点需要的是少量的训练。practice ＂练习，训练＂。
Cloze 2
【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理：各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。
1.A 【解析】其实，我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语As a general rule，本空填principle呼应名词rule。
2.D 【解析】各年龄段的人都会产生厌倦情绪。从下文可知，孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大学、成年人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活。因此本空填ages。
3.C 【解析】在圣诞节早上，孩子们一开始很喜欢玩(playing)他们的新玩具。
4.B 【解析】但是，不久他们对新玩具的兴趣(interest)逐渐消失了。
5.A 【解析】到了一月，同样的(same)玩具再也不能吸引孩子们了，他们就把那些玩具收起来了。
6.D 【解析】生活中满是装满一半(half-filled)邮票的集邮册和没有完工的模型。后文的＂unfinished＂是关键信息。
7.B 【解析】这些东西说明很多人曾经喜欢某一件事，结果半途而废。他们的兴趣是短暂的(passing)。故选B。 
8.C 【解析】当父母带回家一个宠物时，孩子高兴地(gladly)为它洗澡、刷它的毛。
9.B 【解析】但是，过不了多久，照顾动物的重担(burden)又被移交给了父母。
10.D 【解析】青少年带着极大的兴奋之情(excitement)进入高中。
11.A 【解析】但是，不久他们就盼望着毕业(graduation)。
12.C 【解析】前句中的young adults暗示下文谈论的是成年人。根据文意可知，抱怨每天开车上班花费时间长的人， 应该是成年人。
13.B 【解析】而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly＂渴望地＂，符合文意。
14.B 【解析】obtain＂得到＂。这里指考取驾照。
15.D 【解析】在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。
16.A 【解析】这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。
17.A 【解析】参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。
18.D 【解析】但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。
19.C 【解析】那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。
20.B 【解析】这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像一月的孩子一样，开始找新玩具(toys)，寻求刺激了。
题组二
Close 1（2020·上海市实验学校月考）
【答案】1．C2．C3．B4．B5．C6．A7．C
8．B9．C10．D11．C12．B13．C14．A15．C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了新泽西州新颁发的法案禁止企业无现金交易，从多角度分析了无现金支付的当下形式，进一步指出了其中的优势和劣势。
1．
考查固定搭配。句意：新泽西州的立法者最近提出了一项法案，禁止企业无现金交易。此举将使该州与全球电子支付趋势背道而驰，但会支持当地官员的抵制，他们认为无现金政策是不公平的。A. set up设置；B. put up张贴；C. back up支持；D. step up加紧。根据第三段中“New York Council member Torres said on Twitter when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice.”可知此处表示新法案将支持官员对于无现金政策的抵制。故选C项。
2．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些发现揭示了美国人的生活越来越不依赖纸币，这也是瑞典、印度和中国变化的真实写照。A. deposits存款；B. exchanges交易；C. shifts转变；D. currencies货币。根据上句“The findings reveal life that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency”可知美国人对于现金的依赖越来越少，这是一种转变。故选C项。
3．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是州和地方官员说，餐馆和商店采用无现金政策的做法使社区中的某些成员落在了后面——某些人无法开设银行账户，或者无法使用信贷额度或支持数字支付的移动应用。A. ideas想法；B. means方法 ；C. directions方向；D. outlets出口。根据下文lack access to lines of credit可知此处表明有些人无法开设银行账户。故选B项。
4．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：新泽西州的这项措施仅适用于面对面的销售，不包括互联网和电话的购买方式。A. attract吸引；B. exclude排除；C. advance提前；D. include包括。根据上句“apply only to face-to-face sales”可知这个政策不包括互联网和电话的购买方式。故选B项。
5．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，官员们也在进行类似的努力，以禁止纽约和费城的无现金规定。A. opposite相对的；B. associated关联的；C. similar相似的；D. collective集体的。根据后句“efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York and Philadelphia.”可知纽约和费城的官员也在禁止无现金规定，和新泽西州的情况相似。故选C项。
6．
考查连词。句意：评论家说，尽管无现金政策为消费者提供了便利的条件，并为企业提供了更多的防盗保护，但它们也将低收入消费者或无证件移民排除在外。A. 然而；B. Provided假设；C. Because因为；D. As当。分析本句可知前后部分存在对比关系，即无现金政策的好处和坏处的对比，因此使用转折连词while连接前后句。故选A项。
7．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无现金业务在设计上具有歧视性，给那些可能无法获得信贷或借记的低收入社区带来挑战。A. discounts折扣；B. traps陷阱；C. challenges挑战；D. risks风险。根据前句“they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants”可知，无现金政策会给无法获得信贷或借记的低收入社区带来挑战。故选C项。
8．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据Pew的研究，考虑到种族，年龄和收入，实际货币使用的下降在人群中是不均衡的。A. electronic电子的；B. physical有形的；C. virtual虚拟的；D. circulating循环的。根据下文“make all their purchases without using cash”可知很多人不使用现金购买，意在表明导致了当下有形货币使用量减少。故选B项。
9．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pew发现，与家庭年收入相关的无现金支付手段存在显着差距，与收入不足3万美元的人相比，收入至少7.5万美元的成年人一周内不使用现金购物的可能性要多出两倍。A. similarity相似性；B. expense费用；C. gap差距；D. consumption消耗。根据后文“with adults making at least $75,000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, ...... with people who make less than $30,000.”可知年收入不同导致家庭使用无现金支付的情况存在差距。故选C项。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pew发现，与家庭年收入相关的无现金收养存在显着差距，与收入不足3万美元的人相比，收入至少7.5万美元的成年人一周内不使用现金购物的可能性要多出两倍。A. linked连接；B. associated关联；C. combined合并；D. compared比较。通过分析语境可知，此处前后句存在对比关系，因此使用表示“比较、对比”意义的词。故选D项。
11．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pew的研究结果表明，无现金支付在带来好处的同时，也会付出一定的代价，这些代价可能只有部分人群可以承受。A. outcomes结果；B. effects影响；C. benefits好处；D. disadvantages缺点。根据下文上文内容可知，无现金支付为消费者提供了便利，也为企业提供了防盗保护，且收入高的人群使用无现金购物的频率较高，创造了更多的经济价值，这都是无现金支付带来的好处。故选C项。
12．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如前所述，企业领导者通过提出更高的安全性以及改善的客户服务和效率来捍卫无现金政策。A. adopted领养；B. defended捍卫；C. developed发达；D. criticized批评。通过下文“Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the......of cashless payments.”可知本段讲述支持无现金政策的企业领导和拥护者的做法，意在表明企业是支持无现金政策的。B项defended“捍卫”切合语境。故选B项。
13．
考查动词词词义辨析。句意：如前所述，企业领导者通过提出更高的安全性以及改善的客户服务和效率来捍卫无现金政策。A. hindered阻碍；B. accomplished完成；C. improved改进；D. desired渴望。根据下文with more affordable options可知，企业领导者与支持者之间存在平行结构，此处意在表明企业将会改善客户服务和效率。故选C项。
14．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些倡导者一直致力于为那些理应享受传统银行系统服务的人提供更多负担得起的选择，以打击无现金支付批评背后的根源所在。A. traditional传统的；B. fading褪色的；C. aggressive侵略的；D. unqualified不合格的。分析语境可知，传统银行给人们的服务不够，因此支持者将会为人们提供更具选择的服务。故选A项。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些倡导者一直致力于为那些理应享受传统银行系统服务的人提供更多负担得起的选择，以打击无现金支付批评背后的根源所在。A. transformations变革；B. developments发展；C. criticisms批评；D. creations创作。根据上文内容“Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the ...... banking system with more affordable options”可知这些人是支持无现金支付模式的，因此他们的目的是要攻击那些对这种支付批评态度的人或者团体。故选C项。
Close 2（2020·上海宝山·月考）
【答案】
16．D17．C18．A19．C20．A21．B22．C23．D24．B
25．A26．C27．D28．29．A30．C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。每个人都会有梦想，写下你的梦想，并确立你的目标，重要的是你要一直朝着你的梦想努力。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你像大多数孩子一样，你可能会让你的想象力驰骋。 A. fast快的；B. high高的；C. well健康的；D. wild疯狂的，野生的。根据第1空下句Maybe you dreamed of flying into space or being a famous chef.可知，“疯狂”想象。故选D。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许过了几年，你的梦想变得更加现实，或者你可能已经完全放弃了一些梦想。A. colorful富有色彩的；B. amazing令人惊讶的；C. realistic现实的；D. attractive具有吸引力的。根据第2空后的Or you might have given up on some altogether.可知，此处指的是“或许梦想变成现实”。故选C。
18．考查动词短语。句意：如果你一直在推迟实现你的梦想，今天是重新开始的一天。A. putting off拖延，推迟；B. taking off 脱下；C. getting off下车；D. paying off得到回报。根据if条件句的后半句，可知，“推迟”实现梦想的时间。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦想很重要，因为梦想可以给我们在生活中成功的能量。A. opportunity机会；B. direction方向；C. energy能量，精力；D. access通道，进入。根据第4空的下句Dreams inspire and motivate us.可知，梦想给我们“能量”。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦想的伟大之处在于，没有马上实现梦想的压力。A. pressure压力；B. doubt怀疑；C. sense感觉；D. need需要。根据第7空的下句And the best way to do that is by setting goals.可知，梦想没有“压力”。故选A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些成就可能需要几年的时间，也可能需要一生的时间。A. seek 寻找；B. achieve取得，实现； C. explain解释；D. design设计。根据第6空前They might take a few years or they might take a lifetime可知，“实现”梦想需要很长时间。故选B。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：重要的是你要一直朝着你的梦想努力。A. really真正地；B. almost几乎；C. always一直，总是；D. hardly几乎不。根据第7空后的working toward your dream可知，朝着梦想“一直”努力。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦想和目标的区别是什么?A. concept概念；B. similarity 相似；C. comparison比较；D. difference不同。根据第8空格下文It’s been said that dreams are the final destination; goals are the stops along the way.可知此处指的是梦想和目标的“区分”。故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：梦可以是非常一般的。A. unreal不真实的；B. general一般的；C. changeable易变的；D. flexible灵活的。根据下文But the steps you take to reach them should be very　10　可知，此处与下文是转折关系，指梦想可能是很“一般的”。故选B。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是你采取的措施应该非常具体。A. specific特殊的；B. abstract抽象的；C. common共同的；D. complicated复杂的。根据第10空下文Your dreams state what you want, but goals explain how you’ll get there.可知，实现梦想的方法应该是“具体的”。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使得设定目标成为实现梦想的必要步骤。A. imaging 想象；B. avoiding 避免；C. reaching 到达；D. believing相信。根据第11空前的That makes goal seting a necessary step可知，此处指“到达”目标。故选C。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国前国务卿鲍威尔强调了为我们的梦想而努力的重要性。A. process过程；B. benefit好处；C. consequence结果；D. importance重要性。根据第12空后的working for our dreams.可知，此处指为梦想努力的“重要性”。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦想不会通过魔法变成现实:它需要汗水、决心和努力工作。A. blood血；B. determination 决心；C. intelligence智力；D. loyalty忠诚。分析句子结构it takes sweat, ____13____ and hard work.可知，此处指“决心”与努力工作。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作家莱斯·布朗提醒我们，梦是没有年龄限制的。A. age年龄；B. extra额外的事物；C. space空间；D. normal正常，常态。根据第14空的下文You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.可知，梦想没有“年龄”限制。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 写下你的梦想，并确立你的目标。A. transfer转接；B. convert使转变；C. establish建立；D. devote致力于。根据第15空前的Write down yo dream,可知，要“确立”目标。故选C。
Close 3（2020·上海市北虹高级中学月考）
【答案】
46．B47．C48．D49．B50．A51．B52．A53．D
54．B55．A56．D57．A58．C59．A60．B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章论述了直升机式教育的危险是：过多地参与孩子的生活，尤其是在整个大学期间，可能会导致抑郁、缺乏自立和自以为是。而令人担忧的是：有关父母应避免“过度养育陷阱”的警告，让父母根本不愿参与其中。这意味着，在过去的十年里，大学花了大量的时间来学习如何教育那些过于投入的家长，而现在，大学却有了不同的麻烦。现在家长被建议要多问问题，多听答案，要有耐心，并相信孩子们能够解决自己的问题。
46．考查形容词。A. independent独立的；B. involved有关的；参与；C. attached附加的；D. enclosed封闭的。句意：过多地参与孩子的生活，尤其是在整个大学期间，可能会导致抑郁、缺乏自立和自以为是的感觉。故选B。
47．考查动词。A. set设置；B. sense感觉；C. avoid避免；D. ensure保证。根据下文“the over parenting trap”为“过度育儿陷阱”可知，应为避免这种情况，故选C。
48．考查连词。A. Besides此外；B. Similarly类似地；C. Actually实际上；D. However然而。句意：然而，越来越多的例子表明，当学生真正需要他们的家庭时，父母却拒绝挺身而出。前后文为转折关系，故选D。
49．考查形容词。A. alert警惕的；B. quiet安静的；C. informed消息灵通的；D. concerned关心的。根据下文right before he failed a semester可知，母亲一直对儿子的抑郁症状沉默不言，keep quiet“保持沉默”，故选B。
50．考查动词短语。A. cope with处理；应对；B. identify with认为……等同于，与一致；C. turn down关小；D. settle down定居。句意：这意味着大学在过去的十年里，一直在学习如何应对那些过于投入的家长。故选A。
51．考查名词。A. attitude态度；B. problem问题；C. approach接近；D. nature自然。根据上文可知，大学校长有了一个不同以往的问题。故选B。
52．考查形容词。A. supportive支持的；B. informative教育性的；C. neutral中立的；D. superior优秀的。句意：但是解决这两个问题的方法是一样的：改变方法引导父母进入正确的支持角色。故选A。
53．考查动词。A. communicated交流；B. matched匹配；C. obsessed着迷；D. connected连接。句意：这在很大程度上是因为，由于智能手机的出现，学校被迫应对与父母前所未有地联系在一起的一代学生。connect with“与……连接”，故选D。
54．考查名词。A. complaints抱怨；B. costs花费；C. demands要求；D. sufferings受难。句意：随着教育花费的飙升，大学领导们开始将父母视为投资伙伴。故选B。
55．考查动词短语。A. taking care of照顾；B. keeping track of追踪；C. looking forward to期待；D. taking part in加入。句意：在某种意义上，他们有权知道并确信大学正在照顾他们孩子的福利。故选A。
56．考查动词。A. costing花费；B. winning赢得；C. granting同意；D. sparing抽出；免于。句意：至关重要的是，家长拓展计划也起到了缓冲作用，使学生——或者更糟的是，教授——免受唠叨的困扰。故选D。
57．考查名词。A. demands要求；B. passion激情；C. distraction分心；D. priorities优先权。句意：例如，在马里兰大学，家长办公室负责处理每周学业进展报告的要求，而这在高等教育中并不存在。故选A。
58．考查名词。A. professor教授；B. parent父母；C. student学生；D. college大学。句意：现在，家长们被建议做一名导游，承认学生拥有这段旅程。故选C。
59．考查动词。A. persist持续；B. exist存在；C. arise上升；D. decline下降。句意：但如果问题持续存在，或者学生面临严重的精神或身体危险。故选A。
60．考查名词。A. surface表面；B. ground地面；C. panel仪表板；D. craft工艺。句意：他们能看到我们在地面上看不到的东西，比我们更快地到达紧急情况。故选B。
Close4 （2019·上海高三）
【答案】
61．B62．C63．D64．C65．A66．B67．A
68．B69．C70．C71．A72．D73．A74．D75．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统清洁产品含有对人类、动物或地球不健康的有害化学物质，许多人认为传统的清洁剂应该被摒弃，取而代之以危害较小的“绿色”产品。然而，反对人士担忧其成本增加带来的经济负担。
61．
考查短语辨析。句意：当一切都完成后，房间干净整洁，没有污垢和细菌。A. far from远离；B. free of没有；C. none but只有；D. filled with充满。根据空前的 the room is neat and clean可知房间干净整洁，因此可知此处说明“没有”污垢和细菌。free of意为“没有”，符合语境，故选B。
62．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有一个问题，我们用来清洁的解决方案可能对人类和环境有害。A. brushes刷子；B. cloth布；C. solutions解决办法；D. paper纸。根据下一句中的that traditional cleaners (传统的清洁剂)可知此处说的是清洁的解决办法(solutions), solutions符合语境，故选C。
63．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，许多人认为应该拒绝使用传统的清洁剂，以危害较小的“绿色”产品取而代之。A. recycled回收；B. renewed更新；C. reserved保留；D. rejected拒绝。根据上文can be harmful to people and the environment. For this reason(用来清洁的解决方案可能对人类和环境有害，出于这个原因)可知传统的对人类有害的清洁剂应该被拒绝。rejected符合语境，故选D。
64．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：问题源于这样一个事实：一些清洁产品含有对人类、动物或地球不健康的有害化学物质。A. accounts for占；B. results in结果；C. stems from源于；D. turns out结果证明。根据空后的the fact that some cleaning products contain harsh chemicals(一些清洁产品含有有害化学物质的事实)可知这是问题的来源，stems from意为“源于”，符合语境，故选C。
65．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：想想工厂里冒出来的烟，然后飘到空气中。A. smoke烟雾；B. drains排水管；C. products产品；D. spray喷雾。根据空后的coming from a factory and getting into the air可知工厂里冒出来，然后飘到空气中的是烟雾（smoke）。并且smoke在下一句中有复现。故选A。
66．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，清洁产品中的化学物质污染空气，当我们吸入它们或它们接触到我们的皮肤时会伤害我们。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Similarly同样地；C. Obviously显然地；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上句中harms the environment and makes us feel ill及此句中pollute the air and can hurt us可知两者都在说对环境和人类造成伤害，因此填Similarly(同样地)符合语言逻辑，故选B。
67．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：绿色产品不含有害化学物质，据说是很好的替代品，因为它们在清洁方面有效，对人类和地球都是安全的。A. alternatives替代品；B. maintenance维护；C. production生产；D. resolutions解决方案。根据上文 However, not all cleaning products are harmful. Green products, which do not contain harsh chemicals(然而，并不是所有的清洁产品都是有害的。绿色产品不含有害化学物质)可知绿色产品是很好的替代品（alternatives），故选A。
68．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于对化学品的担忧，许多州要求学校和政府大楼使用环境友好的清洁产品，而不是含有有毒化学物质的产品。A. Complaint投诉；B. Concern担忧；C. Investigation调查；D. Knowledge知识。根据下文has led many states to require schools and government buildings to use environmentally friendly cleaning products instead of products containing poisonous chemicals(导致许多州要求学校和政府大楼使用环境友好的清洁产品，而不是含有有毒化学物质的产品)及语言逻辑可知这是出于对化学品的担忧(concern)，故选B。
69．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，有10个州要求使用绿色产品，至少还有5个州正在考虑立法支持这些产品。A. campaign竞选；B. debate辩论；C. legislation立法；D. vote投票。根据空前的states were considering及空后的in support of these products可知此处表示这些州在考虑支持这些产品的立法（legislation），legislation符合语境，并且最后一段the proposed legislation中legislation有复现，故选C。
70．
考查短语辨析。句意：许多绿色清洁产品的价格与传统产品相似。A. higher than高于；B. cheaper than比……便宜；C. similar to类似于；D. based on基于。根据空前的Many green cleaning products are widely available (许多绿色清洁产品普遍是可获得的)可知其价格与传统的价格相似。similar to符合语境。故选C。
71．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但并非所有人都同意绿色产品的可支付性。A. affordability可支付性；B. availability可用性；C. feasibility可行性；D. practicality实用性。根据下文…made from recycled materials can cost up to 20% more than traditional products可知有些清洁产品价格比传统的高，上下文都在说明绿色产品的价格问题，因此affordability(可支付性)符合语境，故选A。
72．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，立法提案的反对者担心一些绿色产品可能会增加成本。A. supporters支持者；B. directors董事；C. lawyers律师；D. opponents反对者。根据句中的are concerned about the potentially higher costs for some green products(担心一些绿色产品可能会增加成本)可知担心成本高的人反对那些支持绿色产品的立法提案。opponents(反对者)符合语境，故选D。
73．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些批评人士说，各州不应决定学术机构和机构必须购买哪些产品，尤其是如果它们增加了成本，因为许多大学已经在财政上陷入困境。A. academic学术；B. industrial工业；C. medical医学；D. financial金融。根据句中的many universities及常识可知大学是学术机构，因此academic(学术)符合语境，故选A。
74．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些州已经做出妥协，以帮助解决人们对成本的担忧。A. evaluate评估；B. emphasize强调；C. voice表达；D. address解决。根据空前的to help及空后的concerns about costs可知此处表示帮助“解决”他们对成本的担忧，动词address意为“解决”，符合语境，故选D。
75．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们能证明成本会增加，他们也可以退出。A. advise建议；B. encourage鼓励；C. allow允许；D. sponsor赞助。根据上一句would give schools and agencies three years instead of one to begin using green products(将给予学校和机构三年而不是一年的时间开始使用绿色产品。)可知此处在说明所作出的妥协，allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，此处表示如果他们能证明成本会增加，将“允许”他们退出使用绿色产品。allow符合语境，故选C。