译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT2教学知识细解码课件+学案

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1．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.使用中；有人使用(或居住)2．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道；曝光；接触①Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media. 报道②I used a long exposure for this one. 曝光③It's like staying in a fish market and getting used to the stink；long exposure to a bad environment accustoms one to evil ways.              接触Words and Phrases　absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席(教材P16)Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around.由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们不得不把我们自己拴起来，这样我们就不会四处漂浮。[例]　The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。[知识拓展](1)in/during sb's absence＝ in/during the absence of sb.　　　　　　　　 在某人不在期间in the absence of ...   缺乏……；不存在……absence from    缺席，离开，不在某处absence of mind    心不在焉(2)absent adj.   缺席的；不在的；缺乏的；心不在焉的be absent from   缺席；不在[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①It's the manager's job to organize covers for staff who are absent(absence)．②His absence of mind while driving(他驾驶的时候走神) nearly caused an accident.　bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难(教材P16)...but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。[例]　I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。[知识拓展]bother sb.with sth.　 　　 因某事让某人担心/烦心not bother to do/doing sth. 不用费心去做某事It bothers sb.that...   让某人担心/苦恼的是……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①I don't know why he bothers me with this kind of rubbish.②Years before，I even did not bother to apply for(甚至不愿去申请) Employment Insurance Benefit when I was unemployed.③It really bothers me that(使我很苦恼) they haven't replied to our letters.　occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于(教材P16)The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。[例]　The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.床似乎占去了大半个屋子。[知识拓展](1)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事occupy sb.oneself (in doing sth./with sb./sth.)    忙于……；专心于……be deeply occupied in thinking 陷入深思be fully occupied    忙得不可开交(2)occupation n.   占领；侵占；职业[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Haas occupied himself in writing(write) his research paper.②She occupied herself with a translation of a French novel.③Please state your name，age and occupation(occupy) below.　circumstance n．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况(教材P17)In the circumstances，it's time for a spacewalk.在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。[例]　The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。[知识拓展]in the circumstances＝under the circumstances　　　　　　　　　 在这种情况下in/under no circumstances＝in no case    绝不(置于句首句子用部分倒装)[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Under no circumstances(circumstance) can we agree to such a principle.②In the circumstances(在这种情况下)，the information about competition plays an important role in sports.　exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道(教材P17)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.首先，我们穿上宇航服，它使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。[例]　Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful to the hearing.持续暴露在强度高于80分贝的噪声中可能对听觉有害。[知识拓展](1)expose v．　　　 暴露，使曝光be exposed to   使暴露在……expose sb./sth.to...   使……暴露在……expose sth.   揭露某事(2)overexpose v.   使(胶片等)曝光过度； 对……报道过频[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.②He exposed the plan(透露了这个计划)to the newspapers.③The photograph is too light：it must have been overexposed(曝光过度)．　in view of 鉴于，考虑到(教材P17)In view of the low­gravity environment，eating is also different in space.鉴于失重状态的环境，饮食在空间站上也有所不同。[例]　In view of the present situation，we'll have to revise our original plan.基于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。[知识拓展](1)in one's view　　　 在某人看来on view    陈列中；展览中(2)in view   在视线中；在视野中out of view   不在视野中come into view    映入眼帘[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①The pieces on view are not grouped around any one theme.②She waved until the train was out of view(直到火车从视野中消失)．③In my view(在我看来) public participation is one of the few options.　vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的(教材P17)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。[例]　Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。[知识拓展]be vital to/for...　　 对……是至关重要的It is vital to do...   做……很重要It is/was vital that...   ……是十分重要的 [从句中要用虚拟 语气“(should)＋do”][即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①His function is vital to/for the accomplishment of the agency's mission.②It is vital that we(should) act to stop the destruction of the rainforests(我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林)．Sentence Patterns　with复合结构(教材P16)With so much going on，the space station needs a lot of maintenance，so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。句式分析：本句中的with so much going on是“with＋n.＋现在分词”结构，在句中作原因状语。[例1]　He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.全班同学看着他，他感到更不自在了。[例2]　I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。[知识拓展]with复合结构中除了可以跟介词短语外，还有以下结构：(1)with＋宾语＋形容词(2)with＋宾语＋副词(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语(4)with＋宾语＋过去分词(5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①He fell asleep with the lamp burning(burn)．②All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock)．③I can't go out with all these clothes to wash(wash)．④Don't speak with your mouth full(你满嘴巴食物)．　as引导让步状语从句(教材P17)Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as excited as you might think.虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。句式分析：本句是一个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须用倒装形式。[例1]　Hard as he works，he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。[例2]　Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。[知识拓展]另外although，though可以引导让步状语从句；although不用倒装；though可以倒装也可以不倒装。[即学即练]——句型转换①Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early.→Heavily as/though it was raining outside，they started out very early.②Although atoms are small，they are made up of still smaller units.＝Small as/though atoms are，they are made up of still smaller units.　that's why...“这就是……的原因”(教材P17)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.这就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。句式分析：本句that's why...表示“这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，why后面跟结果。[例1]　That is why there are many versions of the same story.这就是为什么同一个故事有很多版本。[例2]　That is why the cultural industry in China is needed.这就是中国需要文化产业的原因。[知识拓展]That's because...　　　 这是因为……(because后面跟原因)The reason why...is that...   ……的原因是……[即学即练]——句型转换He missed the bus，that's why he was late for school.→He was late for school，that's because he missed the bus.→The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus.The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station，such as testing new equipment，monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.[分析]　本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句，testing，monitoring，repairing是并列的宾语。[译文]　最具挑战性的工作发生在我们需要在空间站外执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或维修空间站。教材高考1....but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.(2020·江苏卷)The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.2.The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.(2020·天津卷)It encourages us to occupy our own little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be satisfied.3.Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.(2020·北京卷)Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．We did not receive any news during his long absence(absent)．2．All this has happened because you couldn't be bothered to give(give) me the message.3．He's fully occupied in looking(look) after three small children.4．After routine evaluation(evaluate) he was appointed as a full professor.5．Exposure(expose) to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.6．Residents were warned not to be extravagant with water，in view of the low rainfall this year.7．Food production and distribution are vital to society.8．I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being(be) ill.9．The reason why the injection needs to be repeated every year is that the virus changes.10．Hard as he works；he can't support his family.Ⅱ.短语填空take place；come to an end；in view of；cast new light on；more than；in the circumstances1．It is said that recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.2．In view of the weather，the event will now be held indoors.3．China Daily is more than a newspaper.It can help us learn English.4．In the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.5．At last the meeting came to an end．6．We may never discover what took place that night.Ⅲ.课文语法填空Due to the near 1.absence(absent) of gravity，we have to attach ourselves.We usually sleep in private quarters，or in sleeping bag，2.attached(attach) to the walls or the ceiling.The routine tasks are demanding but extremely 3.rewarding(reward)．We conduct scientific research.The experiment I have been working on is to locate and track lightning over large regions of the Earth.Hopefully，4.it will cast new light on the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning 5.protection(protect)．It's time 6.for a spacewalk to test new equipment，monitor scientific experiments or repair the space station，which is the most 7.challenging(challenge) work.The spacesuits allow us to breathe and protect us from 8.exposure(expose) to the cold and radiation.Eating is different.We must eat dried or freeze­dried food.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form to avoid floating away and blocking the air pipes.We must ensure a 9.balanced(balance) supply of nutrients by taking pills.To keep healthy，we discipline to do at least two hours of exercise every day，using specially designed equipment.Sit back with 10.the rest of the crew，and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends.