译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT2预习新知早知道1课件+学案

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

(　　)1.bother 　 A．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况

(　　)2.visible  B．闲暇，空闲

(　　)3.astronaut   C．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；

 太空飞行任务

(　　)4.gravity D．辐射，放射线

(　　)5.mission   E．宇航员，航天员

(　　)6.creature   F．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃

(　　)7.circumstance   G．必不可少的，对……极重要的；

 维持生命所必需的

(　　)8.radiation   H．动物，生物；人

(　　)9.vital    I．to annoy，worry or upset sb.

(　　)10.leisure   J．that can be seen

[答案]　1—5　IJEFC　6—10　HADGB

B．短语匹配

(　　)1.come to an end　 A．在这种情况下，既然如此

(　　)2.differ from B．保护……免受

(　　)3.carry out   C．鉴于，考虑到

(　　)4.cast new light on D．也；和；同

(　　)5.in the circumstances E．执行；实施

(　　)6.head out   F．不同于

(　　)7.in view of   G．结束

(　　)8.at a speed of   H．使进一步了解……

(　　)9.protect...from   I．出发；朝着……去

(　　)10.as well as   J．以……速度

[答案]　1—5　GFEHA　6—10　ICJBD

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．cupboard n．　 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜

2．mosquito n.   蚊子

3．microscope n.   显微镜

4．occupy vt.   占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于

5．evaluate vt.   评估，估计，评价

6．exposure n.   面临，遭受；揭露；报道

7．luxury n.   不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品

8．furthermore adv.   此外，再者

9．discipline vt.   严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练

n.   训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力

10．crew n.   全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，

 全体船员；专业团队

Ⅰ.语境填空

bother；circumstance；leisure；astronaut；crew；gravity；mission；creature；discipline；radiation

1．None of the passengers and crew were injured.

2．The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline．

3．Workers at the nuclear plant were exposed to high doses of radiation．

4．Hundreds of people had died there in terrible circumstances during and after the revolution.

5．How could anyone find pleasure in hunting and killing this beautiful creature?

6．I must forget these side issues and remember my mission．

7．He didn't even bother to let me know he was coming.

8．Newton proposed that heavenly and terrestrial motion could be unified with the idea of gravity．

9．The physical fitness requirements for being an astronaut are very stiff.

10．These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．They have discovered the link between exposure to radiation(radiate)and childhood cancer.

2．There is a direct correlation between exposure(expose) to sun and skin cancer.

3．The star is not visible(vision)to the naked eye.

4．Under the terms of the lease，you have to pay maintenance(maintain) charges.

1．I bet you'd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!

我敢打赌你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，它与地球上的生活有什么不同，低重力使普通的事物变得奇怪！

2．We usually sleep in private quarters，which are more like large cupboards，or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.

我们通常睡在私人住所里，就像大的壁橱一样，或者睡在睡袋里，睡袋拴在墙上或天花板上。

3．As well as doing these biological experiments，we carry out experiments in other research fields.

除了做这些生物学实验外，我们还在其他研究领域进行实验。

4．First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.

首先，我们穿上宇航服，它使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。

5．Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.

虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。

词语助读

①would­be adj.未来的

②astronaut n．宇航员，航天员

③come to an end 结束

④challenging adj.富有挑战性的

⑤magical adj.奇妙的；有魔力的

⑥I bet我确信

⑦differ from不同于

⑧gravity n．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃

⑨definitely adv.肯定地；确切地

⑩strangeness n．奇怪；陌生

⑪apparent adj.显而易见的；明显的

⑫due to因为；由于

⑬absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席

⑭attach vt.把……固定；把……附(在……上)；认为……有重要性(或意义、价值、分量等)

⑮float vi.飘动，漂流；浮vt.使浮动，使漂流

⑯cupboard n．壁橱；橱柜，衣柜

⑰ceiling n．天花板；上限

⑱bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难

⑲routine n．常规；例行程序

⑳occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于

demanding adj.要求高的；苛求的

rewarding adj.值得的；有报酬的

mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务

evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价

creature n．动物，生物；人

mosquito n．蚊子

microscope n．显微镜

carry out 执行；实施

lightning n．闪电

cast new light on使进一步了解……

maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持

constantly adv.连续地；不断地

take place发生；举行

equipment n．设备；装备

monitor vt.检查；监测

scientific adj.科学的；科学上的

in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此

spacesuit n．宇航服

exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道

radiation n．辐射，放射线

visible adj.看得见的；明显的

potential adj.潜在的

electric shock电击；电休克

in view of鉴于，考虑到

freeze­dried adj.经过冷冻干燥的

luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品

produce 产品(尤指农产品)

deliver vt.传递；递送

liquid n．液体

tube n．管；管子；软管

furthermore adv.此外，再者

ensure vt.确保

balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的

nutrient n．营养

be of vital importance至关重要

discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力

workout n．锻炼；训练

leisure n．闲暇，空闲

crew n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队

remarkable adj.显著的，引人注目的

at a speed of...以……速度

课文呈现

Life on a space station

Living in space is every would­be① astronaut's② dream.My six­month stay on a space station has come to an end③，and it has been a challenging④ but magical⑤ adventure.I bet⑥ you'd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from⑦ that on the Earth—the low gravity⑧ definitely⑨ makes ordinary things strange！[1]

[1]what引导宾语从句，作know的宾语；how引导并列的宾语从句。

The strangeness⑩ of living in space is apparent⑪ from the moment we sleep.Due to⑫ the near absence⑬ of gravity in space，we have to attach⑭ ourselves so that we don't float⑮ around．[2] We usually sleep in private quarters，which are more like large cupboards⑯ ，or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling⑰．[3] It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，[4]but the unusual beds don't bother⑱ us any more.After about eight hours of sleep，we start our day of work.

[2]so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了”。

[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰private quarters。

[4]It's strange that...从句省略should。

The routine⑲ tasks that occupy⑳ most of the day are demanding㉑，but they can also be extremely rewarding㉒.Our main mission㉓ is to conduct scientific research.We need to evaluate㉔ the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.Creatures㉕ such as mice，fish and mosquitoes㉖ have also been sent to the station! In a low­gravity environment，we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope㉗.As well as doing these biological experiments，we carry out㉘ experiments in other research fields.I have been working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning㉙ over large regions of the Earth．[5] Hopefully，it will cast new light on㉚ the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning protection.With so much going on[6]，the space station needs a lot of maintenance㉛，so we constantly㉜ check support systems and do some cleaning.

[5]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词experiment。

[6]此处是“with＋名词＋现在分词”结构。

The most challenging work takes place㉝ when we need to perform tasks outside the space station，such as testing new equipment㉞，monitoring㉟ scientific㊱ experiments or repairing the space station.In the circumstances㊲，it's time for a spacewalk.First，we put on our spacesuits㊳，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure㊴ to the cold and radiation㊵．[7] Then we head out，and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time，with the beautiful Earth visible㊶ below.Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.It's probably the most dangerous work，with potential㊷ risks such as electric shocks㊸.That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.[8]

[7]which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰spacesuits。

[8]That's why...这就是为什么……

In view of㊹ the low­gravity environment，eating is also different in space.Most food is dried or freeze­dried㊺.It's a luxury㊻ to eat fresh food，because fresh produce㊼ such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered㊽ to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt and pepper are only in liquid㊾ form，so that they will not float away and block the air pipes.However，liquids can't be easily controlled in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag and through a thin tube㊿ of plastic.Furthermore，to keep our body healthy，we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills.

Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.Did you know that in just five months，astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.

During our leisure time，there's nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends back home.As the space station travels at a speed of about 17，500 miles per hour，we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments，all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.

译文参考

太空站上的生活

生活在太空是每个未来宇航员的梦想。我在空间站的六个月的停留已经结束，这是一次充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。我敢打赌你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，它与地球上的生活有什么不同，低重力使普通的事物变得奇怪！

从我们睡觉的那一刻起，生活在太空中的陌生感就显而易见了。由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们不得不把我们自己拴起来，这样我们就不会四处漂浮。我们通常睡在私人住所里，就像大的壁橱一样，或者睡在睡袋里，睡袋拴在墙上或天花板上。试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。大约睡了八个小时后，我们开始了一天的工作。

占用了一天里大部时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。我们需要评估低重力对动物和植物的影响。老鼠、鱼和蚊子等生物也被送到了太空站！在失重状态环境下，我们可以在显微镜下了解更多有关细胞和微生物的变化。除了做这些生物学实验外，我们还在其他研究领域进行实验。我在做一个实验，在大面积的地球上定位和跟踪闪电。希望它能给地球的气候带来新的曙光，并带来更好的雷电防护。由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。

最具挑战性的工作发生在我们需要在空间站外执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或维修空间站。在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。首先，我们穿上宇航服，它使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。然后我们出发，有时执行任务几个小时，下面可以看到美丽的地球。虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。这可能是最危险的工作，有电击等潜在风险。这就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。

鉴于失重状态的环境，饮食在空间站上也有所不同。大多数食物是干的或经过冷冻干燥的。吃新鲜食物是一种奢侈，因为新鲜的农产品，如水果和蔬菜，每隔两个月才能从地球送到空间站。盐和胡椒只呈液态，这样它们就不会飘落，也不会使气管堵塞。然而，液体在太空中不容易被控制。我们必须从一个袋子里，通过一根细塑料管喝水或其他液体。此外，为了保持我们的身体健康，我们必须通过吃药来保证营养的均衡供应。

花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？考虑到失重状态对人体的这些负面影响，我们要求自己每天至少锻炼两个小时。在太空中锻炼不是一般的锻炼。我们必须绑在特殊的运动器材上，以防自己四处漂浮。

在空闲时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过，拍点照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。由于空间站以每小时17 500英里的速度运行，我们每90分钟就能看到一次日出。在这些珍贵的时刻，太空生活的所有挑战似乎都是值得的。