译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册课时分层作业含答案

课时分层作业(四)

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The force of gravity(地球引力) makes things fall to earth.

2．The competition has been thrown wide open by the absence(缺席) of the world champion.

3．I'm not bothered(担心) about the cost—you're the one who's making an issue of it.

4．A copy of the report is available for you to peruse at your leisure(闲暇)．

5．The workman was disciplined(惩罚) by his company but not dismissed.

6．He said he had not discussed the matter with her.Furthermore(再者)，he had not even contacted her.

7．She never discovered the true circumstances(情形) of her birth.

8．She did none of the maintenance(保养) of the vehicle.

9．For each side of the subject，think carefully and evaluate(评估) it.

10．He was not clear on the precise nature of his mission(使命)．

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Businessman Elon Musk says his company is building a powerful，reusable rocket and a spaceship that may travel to the planet Mars.“The spacecraft would eventually be able to take as many as 100 people and their equipment to the red planet，” he said.He wants to establish a city on Mars.He said the planned city would be able to support itself—complete with the ability to make iron，as well as pizzas.

Musk wants human beings to be able to live on more than just one planet.He wants many people to be able to travel to the red planet.

“Really the key is making this affordable to almost anyone who wants to go...”

“Reusing rockets and spaceships will help lower the cost for each person，” he explained.The spaceships would also be able to refuel(补给燃料) in orbit.He suggested the production of methane(甲烷) and oxygen on Mars would provide fuel for the trip back home.

Musk said the trip would last between 80 and 150 days.Eventually，the cost would go down.

“The very first flights will be fairly expensive，but the architecture allows for a cost per ticket of less than $200，000.”

No date has been set for the first flight.But Musk said he wanted to send the first manned mission to Mars by 2024.

Musk invited other companies to join the Mars effort，which reportedly would require about a $10 billion investment.

【语篇解读】　本文为一篇记叙文。商人Elon Musk声称，他的公司正在建造可循环使用的火箭、飞船，这样就会使去火星旅行的成本降低。

1．What will Musk do to make the trip to the Mars cheap?

A．Build a reusable rocket and spaceship.

B．Increase the number of passengers on the spaceship.

C．Take less equipment on the spaceship.

D．Establish a city there and never come back.

A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第四段第一句可知，制造可循环利用的火箭、飞船可降低旅行火星的成本，故选A项。]

2．If the spaceship returns to the earth，where will the fuel come from?

A．Sunlight.　 B．Gas.

C．Oil. D．Nuclear energy.

B　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，飞船返回地球的燃料是火星上生产的甲烷和氧气，二者都是气体，故选B项。]

3．According to Musk's plan，when will the first manned spaceship be sent to the Mars?

A．By 2018. B．By 2024.

C．By 2028. D．By 2030.

B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，他希望在2024年发射载人的火星飞船，故选B项。]

B

We all need to eat，and when we go to buy food at the supermarket，we're offered many choice.But we often buy food that's been produced in huge amounts and that's travelled many miles before it ends up on our plate.So for some，growing their own food is a better choice—and it tastes good too!

From growing vegetables in little pots on your balcony to taking care of a small plot of land，there are many ways to produce home­grown food.It can be backbreaking work digging，weeding and watering the soil，but the result is fresh，home­grown fruit and vegetables，helping us keep a “five­a­day”diet.

The recent pandemic lock­down means demand for home­grown food has seen a comeback in the UK.Miriam Dobson from the University of Sheffield，told the reporter that some people have been spending a lot of their time on their plots，growing plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables—which，at times，have been challenging to buy in supermarkets.She says “Coronavirus has reminded people of the weakness within our global food system.In such a difficult time，interest in self­support rises.”

But for those with limited space，a solution to grow your own vegetables lies closer to home­using pots.Sheila Brand lives in a third­floor flat in Rotterdam.She has managed to grow tomatoes and eggplants and is already harvesting raspberries.She told the reporter watching the plants grow “is very exciting：‘Oh it's got a new leaf！’”

As well as the benefits of saving money and enjoying tasty food，growing your own from a balcony or window ledge not only improves your well­being and immediate environment，you can actually grow a lot of vegetables.So，maybe it's time for us all to get planting and develop our green fingers!

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了人们对于种植食物的感受以及自己种植食物的好处。

4．A “five­a­day” diet (Paragraph 2) probably refers to a diet that include         every day.

A．five meals

B．enough fruit and vegetables

C．five kinds of rice

D．plenty of water

B　[推理判断题。根据第二段“From growing vegetables in little pots on your balcony to taking care of a small plot of land，there are many ways to produce home­grown food.It can be backbreaking work digging，weeding and watering the soil，but the result is fresh，home­grown fruit and vegetables，helping us keep a ‘five­a­day’diet.”可推知，“five­a­day”饮食可能是指每天吃足够的水果和蔬菜。故选B。]

5．According to Paragraph 3，home­grown food is getting popular again in the UK recently because         ．

A．it's more interesting，cheap and delicious

B．our global food system is doing harm to us

C．it saves the time and money on transportation

D．it can be hard to buy fresh food during the pandemic

D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Coronavirus has reminded people of the weakness within our global food system.In such a difficult time，interest in self­support rises.”可知，本土食品最近在英国再次流行起来，是因为在疫情期间很难买到新鲜食物。故选D。]

6．According to the writer，where can you grow your own food if you live in a small flat?

A．In a pot. B．On a plate.

C．In a garden. D．On the roof.

A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But for those with limited space，a solution to grow your own vegetables lies closer to home­using pots.”可知，如果你住在小公寓里，可以在一些家用容器里种植自己的食物。故选A。]

7．What does the writer imply in the last sentence?

A．Growing your own food can do good to your health.

B．Growing your own food can make your fingers green.

C．Growing your own food can improve your gardening skills.

D．Growing your own food can bring your family more happiness.

C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“As well as the benefits of saving money and enjoying tasty food，growing your own from a balcony or window ledge not only improves your well­being and immediate environment，you can actually grow a lot of vegetables.So，maybe it's time for us all to get planting and develop our green fingers！” “green fingers”表示“搞园艺的才能”，故可推知，作者在最后一句话中暗示了自己种植食物可以提高你的园艺技能。故选C。]

Ⅲ.阅读七选五

Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact，the key to easy morning wake­up lies in resetting your body clock.  1   Here's how to make one.

  2   In order to make a change，you need to decide why it's important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.

Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider rearranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags.  3   That's a quarter­hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.

  4  If you are tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensation on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found.Stick to your set bedtime and wake­up time，no matter the day.

Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you've tried a new methods for a week，take a look at your record.  5   If not，take another look at other methods you could try.

A．Reconsidering the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.

B．If the steps you take are working，keep it up.

C．Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.

D．And consider setting a second alarm.

E．Find the right motivation.

F．A better plan for sleep can help.

G．Get a sleep specialist.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章找到了解决早上起床难这一问题的方法。

1．F　[根据上文“In fact，the key to easy morning wake­up lies in resetting your body clock.”可知，早起的关键是重置生物钟，结合常识可知，要调整生物钟就要有良好的作息习惯， F选项中“A better plan for sleep”正是调整生物钟的关键，另外下一句“Here's how to make one.”中代词“one”也指代了“A better plan for sleep”。故选F项。]

2．E　[设空处为段首中心句。根据下文“In order to make a change，you need to decide why it's important.”和“Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.”可知，本段讲在做出改变与调整前，要先弄清楚原因，也就是动机。E项中“motivation”与下文中“why it's important”和“reasons”相照应。故选E项。]

3．A　[根据段首中心句“Rethink mornings.”和本段内容可知，本段主要讲重新思考早晨和重新规划早晨活动。A项与其下文“That's a quarter­hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.”提出了一种通过利用定时咖啡机来增加早晨睡眠时间的方法，是对中心句的呼应，且A项中“Reconsidering”与中心句中“Rethink”相照应，“15 minutes”与本段“a quarter­hour”相照应。故选A项。]

4．C　[设空处为段首中心句。根据下文“But compensation on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found.Stick to your set bedtime and wake­up time，no matter the day.”可知，本段在强调不论什么时候都要坚持固定的睡眠习惯，周末也不例外。故选C项。]

5．B　[根据下文“If not，take another look at other methods you could try.”中省略的条件状语从句If not可知，上文空格处需要明确省略的具体条件。B选项明确了条件是“措施是否有效”，并与下文形成一正一反的对比关系。故选B项。]