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高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 02 阅读理解之推理判断题 (含解析)
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这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 02 阅读理解之推理判断题 (含解析)，共21页。
预测02 阅读理解篇之推理判断题
预测一 推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深度理解题，重点考察学生们的逻辑理解能力以及剧情推理能力。
预测二 高考对推理判断题的考查主要包括以下几种形式：细节判断题；预测和想象；推断人物性格；推断文章出处或读者对象等，如下图：
高考英语
阅 读
预测三 近几年无论是全国还是地方高考题中推理判断题出现的频率仅次于细节理解题，此类题型在2020年的重要性及权重都将进一步提高。以下为2019全国一卷至三卷的体裁、话题及推理判断题的分布图：
全国卷
l 推理判断题，一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
l 要注意以下几个方面：
1.推理判断要符合逻辑，在文中要有事实依据。
2.学会透过字里行间，去推断隐含意义。
3.利用归纳法、演绎法、类比法对文中的论据进行分析，从而推出论点和结论。
4.整合信息，由因推果，由果推因;由一般推特殊，由特殊推一-般; 由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。
l 下图为解题攻略
图1：标志及选项特征
图二：解题攻略
A（2019•新课标全国卷I，B）
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【答案】AC
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。 通过Chris Palaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长做出的努力。通过组织活动来增强移民的孩子们在学习英语.上的信心。
【解析】
26. 本题为推理判断题。从题干中找出题目关键词: the purpose of Whaley's project，然后快速定位原文倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves. Whaley不只是想让孩子们学会在公共场所读书讲话,他想让这些孩子们学会夸耀自己。以及最后一段Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities, ”Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 夸耀自己及自己的最好的品质对于没有自信的孩子来说很难的。可知他的目的是让孩子们看见自己的优点( see their own strengths) . 故答案为A.
27. 本题为推理判断题。本题要求找出能够描述老师Whaley的词, Humorous幽默的; ambitious有雄心的; caring关心的;demanding苛求的。通过关键词定位到倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project... if they thought they could never be a president.和He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.可知,当他有一天问认为自己当不了总统的学生请举手的时候,有了这个主意，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，所以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。故答案为C.
B（2019•新课标全国卷II，B）
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn’t good at sports.
C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D. She’s unable to meet her schedule.
【答案】C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙 ,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
【解析】本题为推理判断题。句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段,如果没有其他人自愿的话,我会去做的。"在第二段中的demanding work schedule和an unknown sport均是作者猜测的,所以ABD不对。根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。故答案为C.
C（2019•新课标全国卷III，C）
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A．They would be priced higher.
B．They would disappear from cities.
C．They could have more readers.
D．They could regain public trust.
31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?
A．It was a difficult process.
B．It was a temporary success.
C．It was a robbery of the poor.
D．It was a disaster for printers.
【答案】CA
【语篇导读】 本文为科普环保类说明文，介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。
【解析】
(29)推理判断题。题目为：街头销售对报纸意味着什么？选项分别为：A.价格会更高；B.他们会从城市消失;C.他们可以有更多的读者;D.他们可以重新赢得公众的信任。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众,很便宜的。更重要的是,在街上可以买到报纸。结合第三段中间的street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities 可知,报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出,街头销售意味读报纸的多了.故答案为C.
(31) 本题为推理判断题。题目为：关于便士纸的诞生，我们能说些什么呢？表面上，题目在问我们的观点，实际也是从文章推断观点。根据最后一段中：The new trend of newspapers for ‘the man on the street’ did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers already in business, people who owners of successful papers, had little desires to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.可知，“便士报纸” 新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了.后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。 由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。故答案为A。
D （2019•北京高考，B）
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）, who in May 2015 set up her business Ailie Candy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A.She argued with him.
B.She tried to find a way out.
C.She paid no attention.
D.She chose to consult dentists.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C.Positive thinking and action result in success.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【答案】 B C
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alice Moore ,一个年轻有为的创业者的故事,故事告诉我们:积极的思考和行动会带来成功
【解析】
【34】推理判断题。根据第二段的But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it? 此外，下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知,她对父亲的警告的反应是:她试图找到一条出路,解决问题。故选B。
【37】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事,她之所以能成功,源于面对问题和困难时,她乐观地看待问题,积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此,通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C.
E（2019•浙江高考题，B）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A.Women tended to be more sociable.
B.The activity attracted various people.
C.Economic problems were getting worse.
D.Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A.To do a test on people’s morals.
B.To raise money for his company.
C.To earn himself a good reputation.
D.To promote kindness and sympathy.
【答案】B D
【语篇导读】 这是一则新闻报道类的记叙文,讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站,竖起了-块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子,上面写着“留下你能给予的,拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱,但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句,阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨,弄清细节,根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子,从而得到需要的答案。
【解析】
( 25 )推理判断题。题干中的bride是Tyler Bridges举的-一个例子,为为证明前一句People of all ages, races, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took ,即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B.
(26 )推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D.
A(2020年安徽省皖南八校第二次联考B)
As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions .
Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor. She won the recent Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence， which recognizes creative business solutions to social problems-- the same recognition was given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her two inventions--the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink- have been causing excitement internationally since their creation.
When Makosinski was 15 years old, she created a flashlight powered by the heat of one's hand. This invention was the result of a 9th grade science project, but her goal was to offer a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity. “One of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school because she had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration. ” Makosinski explained.
At 12th grade, Makosinski then went on to create the e-Drink. It is a coffee cup that harvests the extra heat of a hot drink while it cools, stores it as electricity in an internal(内置的) battery and makes it available to charge an external dev ice such as a phone, whose life can now be longer by approximately 10 to 30 minutes.
“My favorite part of creating inventions would be when you had the idea and you have to physically build it, and it doesn't work out," she said. “So you have to figure out different ways to solve it. A lot of times, I'll give up and I'll come back after a couple of days and I'll take it up again."
Her adv ice to other student innovators? “Start now. There' s nothing holding you back. Actually, you can do whatever you want.”Makosinski said,“If you want to make something，follow your heart, then go ahead. If there's something you really want to do, you will make time for it and you will find time in the day to do your schoolwork."
24. Makosinsky created the powerless flashlight mainly to
A satisfy her desire to create inventions
B. settle problems in study for her friend
C. help those who are short of electricity
D. finish the assignment of a science project
25. Which of the following is mainly explained in paragraph 4?
A How the e-Drink was invented.
B. Why the e-Drink was created.
C. What the e-Drink brings.
D. How the e-Drink works.
26. Which can be the best title for this passage?
A Popular Inventions by a Teenager Girl
B. Teenager Girl Advancing in Creation
C. Valuable Advice from a Creative Girl
D. Awards Given to a Young Inventor
【答案】CDB
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文, Ann Makosinski平时喜欢自己发明一些东西,受到了大家的一致好评,同时她也鼓励其他大学生自己动手发明一些东西。
【解析】
24. 本题为推理判断题。根据第三段中的" This invention was the result of a 9th grade science project, but her goal was to offer a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity. "这项发明是一个九年级科学项目的结果，但她的目标是用不受限制获得的电为人们提供一个切实可行的解决方案 ，故选C.
25. 本题为段落大意题。根据第四段可知,本段讲述了e-Drink的工作原理,故选D。
26. 本题为标题选择题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了Ann Makosinski平时喜欢自己发明一些东西,受到了大家的一致好评,故选B.
B (2020 年上海虹口区高三一模C)
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks（自由主义智囊团）whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method -- develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it -- isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to test it true.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the guarantee for trust in science?
The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science.”
Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical（矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty（新颖性）and stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: trans-formative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
63 Distrust in science has been found because _________.
A．scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to some extent
B．most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of science
C．a wide - ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanks
D．someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science
64 Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?
A．A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science is changing.
B．A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists actually do.
C．A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.
D．True theories can produce false results because the scientific method doesn’t work.
65 What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?
A．The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.
B．The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.
C．The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.
D．The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.
66 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.
A．Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturned
B．It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxical
C．The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable
D．Science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds.
【答案】 DACA
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人们对科学的两种观点,即:相信科学和不信任科学。
【解析】
63. 本题为细节理解题。根据第一-段中的"For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science."可知, 几十年来，有一个广泛的、有组织的运动,目的是产生对科学的不信任，由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助,他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁,由此可知,人们发现对科学的不信任 是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁,故D项正确。
64. 本题为推理判断题。根据第二段中的" Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn't always work."可知,科学是活跃的，新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，所以科学的方法并不总是有效的，由此可知,作者可能会同意科学方法不一定有效，因为科学正在发生变化“这一说法,故A项正确。
65. 本题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"We call this process peer review because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of science."可知,我们称这个过程为同行评审,因为评审人员是科学上的同行,但是他们扮演着上级的角色,有权利也有义务找出错误,只有在审稿人和编辑满意之后,任何问题都得到了解决，论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域,由此可知,在评估-项科学声明时
，同行评审的主要目的是这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的,故C项正确。
66. 本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist." 可知,虽然真正解决的科学被推翻的例子比有时声称的要少得多,但它们确实存在,由此可知,并非所有关于公认科学的谬误的说法都会导致它被推翻,故A项正确。
C（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试A）
Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider.
Quebec city
Quebec city has long drawn admirers to its historic district the famed city wall, strange cobblestone lanes（鹅卵石小路）and handsome stone houses. This area transforms into a scenic Christmas village each December. The 403-year-old capital of Quebec province takes pride in the outdoors at Christmas time, when stone buildings shine with lights. Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.
Edinburgh
Edinburgh, a magic city full of staircases and hills as well as Georgian and neo-Classical buildings, is famous for its mixture of the modern and the old. This is evident in winter, when Scotland’s capital puts on a six-week festival lasting until Jan. 6 that goes way beyond Christmas markets. You can ride roller coasters, climb a wall of ice and attend a vivid Christmas themed show by the cabaret troupe（剧团）La Clique.
Zurich
If buying gifts is on your travel schedule, Zurich is an impressive shopping center, particularly around the holidays, from multiple Christmas markets and the luxury（奢侈品）dress shops of Bahnhofstrasse Street, to the independent designers and antique shops in the merging industrial zones. Another annual lighting spectacle（壮观场面）, Lichterschwimmen, on Dec. 21, includes hundreds of tiny lanterns that are sent floating down the River Limmat.
Sydney
A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney. One great and free way to feel the holiday is to take this Dec. 21 walking tour of George Street, which promises “the most sharable window displays and coloured lights.” One advantage over other destinations: warm, sandy beaches that lie just minutes from downtown, where the natural beauty of Australia’s most popular city will be waiting.
21. What can you do in Quebec city during Christmas?
A. Ride roller coasters.
B. Take part in a walking tour.
C. Enjoy cross-country ski.
D. Watch a Christmas-themed show.
22. Where should you go if you want to enjoy a Christmas without snow?
A. Quebec city. B. Edinburgh.
C. Zurich. D. Sydney.
23. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A guidebook. B. A diary.
C. A novel. D. A research paper.
【答案】 CDA
【语篇导读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了魁北克市、爱丁堡、苏黎世和悉尼这四个适合圣诞节期间旅游的好去处。
【解析】
21. 本题为细节理解题。由题干关键词Quebec city可将答案定位于第二段。由第二段最后一句“Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.”（可以考虑在亚伯拉罕平原上越野滑雪或者在尤维尔广场上滑冰。），可知在魁北克可以越野滑雪。故选C项。
22. 本题为细节理解题。由最后一段首句“A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney.”（ 雪的缺乏并没有影响悉尼的圣诞节气氛。），可知如果想要没有雪的圣诞节，可以去Sydney（悉尼）。故选D项。
23. 本题为推理判断题。由第一段中的句子“Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider.”（世界各地的城市都以独特而难忘的方式庆祝圣诞节。下面的国际目的地只是无数的选择中的一部分。）和后文主要介绍了四个适合在圣诞节期间旅行的城市，可知本文最有可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选A项。
D（2020届黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三教学检测B）
Since birth, Joy and Miriam were left at the gate of an orphanage (孤儿院). For the disabled sisters, who both have spina bifida (脊柱裂), it may have seemed that all hopes were lost at that time. But after being adopted by a British couple, they have become two of the country's most promising wheelchair basketball stars.
In 2005, the Haizes adopted them. Then, they moved to the UK when Joy was six and Miriam was seven. The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation, which Mr. Haize had with a friend in 2011. They hadn't known wheelchair sports before, but Joy was hooked from the beginning.
While Miriam loved the sport, it took her a little longer to become a serious athlete. “I used to have really low self-respect,” she said. “It's only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously. It gave me a path to follow.” Miriam was then chosen to play at both regional trials and the Sainsbury's School Games in 2014. Of course, she earned herself a place at the famous GB Futures training camp. “GB Futures helped me a lot. It helped me take basketball to another level and learn more about the game and its history. It also helped me be more independent,” said Miriam. Meanwhile, Joy is currently the youngest player on the GB women's team — but she is making her mark on the international stage, having represented Great Britain in tournaments (锦标赛) all over the world.
The teenagers are now eager to encourage others to explore the world of wheelchair sports. “You should have confidence in yourself. That's the one thing to help you succeed. Having setbacks helped me grow into a person and player. No matter what people said to us, we just tried our best,” said the girls.
4. What happened to Joy and Miriam when they were born?
A. They were adopted by a British couple.
B. They were abandoned to an orphanage.
C. They moved to the UK with their parents.
D. They lived with parents in an orphanage.
5. The sisters first got to know the wheelchair basketball from ________.
A. GB Futures training camp
B. their P.E. teacher by chance
C. a conversation in a TV program
D. a talk between their father and his friend
6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the Haizes aimed to train Joy to become the world champion
B. Joy set a good example to Miriam in the wheelchair basketball
C. it took Joy a long time to take the wheelchair basketball seriously
D. Miriam is the youngest player on the women's basketball team
7. What suggestion did the disabled sisters give to others?
A. Put your heart into work! B. A good beginning is half done!
C. All roads lead to Rome. D. Believe in yourself!
【答案】 BDBD
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一对轮椅篮球姐妹花的奋斗故事。
【解析】
4.B 可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy和Miriam一出生就被遗弃在了孤儿院门口。故选B项。
5.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation, which Mr.Haize had with a friend in 2011. ”可知，姐妹俩是通过父亲和朋友的一次偶然的谈话发现了轮椅篮球。故选D项。
6.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“It’s only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously. It gave me a path to follow.”可知，Joy取得了很好的成绩，从而激励了Miriam效仿她。Joy为Miriam树立了榜样。故选B项。
7.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Joy和Miriam姐妹说的话“You should have confidence in yourself. That’s the one thing to help you succeed.（你应该对自己有信心。 这是帮助你成功的一件事。）” 可知，她们鼓励年轻人一定要自信,自信能帮助他们成功。故选D项。
E (2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟B)
Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. As we initially considered it, it seemed crazy. Would we even make it a week without going mad? Living room, kitchen, office, dining room, all in one small four-walled space.
There were a number of other potential options. We could move out into the suburbs like most people do in our extraordinarily expensive city and have a small yard maybe even a basement. But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that aroused our interest, which challenged us. We like to live differently from the crowd, to avoid what everyone else is doing “just because” everyone else is.
“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space.
In the past, sometimes we had quite different ideas about which art or decorating style we found appealing. But here, in this tiny space, we found ourselves having a ton of fun exploring possible options. There’s no room for clutter(凌乱的东西), either. This is a gift!
It’s been 8 months, and we’re staying. Perhaps forever. When a space is this small, you don’t need to spend much in furnishing it, and you can’t keep endlessly buying things. There’s nowhere to put them!
This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. It’s so much better than feeling weighed down, paying for a big space and more and more things. I highly recommend it.
24. What can we learn from the words of the author’s husband?
A. He didn’t like to stay in the small space.
B. He made up his mind to stay in the small space.
C. He was uncertain about living in the small space.
D. He encouraged the author to live in the small space.
25. What do we know about the author’s experience from the text?
A. It was depressing but inspiring.
B. It was challenging but interesting.
C. It was disappointing but touching.
D. It was embarrassing but rewarding.
26. What’s the main advantage of living in the small room to the author?
A. She could enjoy life more. B. She could avoid the crowds.
C. She could clean the room easily. D. She could enjoy a feeling of freedom.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new trend of living B. The joy of living “tiny”
C. Save space, save money D. Make good use of space
【答案】 CBAB
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的经历和感受到的乐趣。
【解析】
24.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. “让我们试六个月吧。如果它让我们发疯，我们就会搬家。我们可以在6个月内做任何事情，”我丈夫说。可知，作者的丈夫也不确定能否住在这个小地方里，因此他提出了先住六个月试试。故选C项。
25.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that aroused our interest, which challenged us. 但是，这个整洁的“小”房子里有一些东西引起了我们的兴趣，对我们提出了挑战。以及第三段中It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 一开始挤进这个空间很有挑战性，但后来有件事让我们大吃一惊。我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。可知，文章中作者的经历是具有挑战性的，但也很有趣。故选B项。
26.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. 这给我们留下了更多的经济资源和更多的时间去到更广阔的世界去享受生活。对我们来说，住在“小”房子里让我们有一种富足的感觉。可知，作者认为住在“小”房子主要的好处是她能更多地去享受生活。故选A项。
27. B主旨大意题。根据第一段中Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. 今年早些时候，我和我的丈夫有机会在一个城市的“微小”空间里安家。第二段中We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。以及最后一段中I highly recommend it. 我强烈推荐它。可知，本文主要是讲述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的经历以及感受到的乐趣，因此本文的最佳标题是“住在小房子的乐趣”。故选B项。
预测02 阅读理解篇之推理判断题
预测一 推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深度理解题，重点考察学生们的逻辑理解能力以及剧情推理能力。
预测二 高考对推理判断题的考查主要包括以下几种形式：细节判断题；预测和想象；推断人物性格；推断文章出处或读者对象等，如下图：
高考英语
阅 读
预测三 近几年无论是全国还是地方高考题中推理判断题出现的频率仅次于细节理解题，此类题型在2020年的重要性及权重都将进一步提高。以下为2019全国一卷至三卷的体裁、话题及推理判断题的分布图：
全国卷
l 推理判断题，一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
l 要注意以下几个方面：
1.推理判断要符合逻辑，在文中要有事实依据。
2.学会透过字里行间，去推断隐含意义。
3.利用归纳法、演绎法、类比法对文中的论据进行分析，从而推出论点和结论。
4.整合信息，由因推果，由果推因;由一般推特殊，由特殊推一-般; 由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。
l 下图为解题攻略
图1：标志及选项特征
图二：解题攻略
A（2019•新课标全国卷I，B）
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【答案】AC
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。 通过Chris Palaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长做出的努力。通过组织活动来增强移民的孩子们在学习英语.上的信心。
【解析】
26. 本题为推理判断题。从题干中找出题目关键词: the purpose of Whaley's project，然后快速定位原文倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves. Whaley不只是想让孩子们学会在公共场所读书讲话,他想让这些孩子们学会夸耀自己。以及最后一段Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities, ”Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 夸耀自己及自己的最好的品质对于没有自信的孩子来说很难的。可知他的目的是让孩子们看见自己的优点( see their own strengths) . 故答案为A.
27. 本题为推理判断题。本题要求找出能够描述老师Whaley的词, Humorous幽默的; ambitious有雄心的; caring关心的;demanding苛求的。通过关键词定位到倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project... if they thought they could never be a president.和He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.可知,当他有一天问认为自己当不了总统的学生请举手的时候,有了这个主意，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，所以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。故答案为C.
B（2019•新课标全国卷II，B）
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn’t good at sports.
C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D. She’s unable to meet her schedule.
【答案】C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙 ,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
【解析】本题为推理判断题。句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段,如果没有其他人自愿的话,我会去做的。"在第二段中的demanding work schedule和an unknown sport均是作者猜测的,所以ABD不对。根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。故答案为C.
C（2019•新课标全国卷III，C）
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A．They would be priced higher.
B．They would disappear from cities.
C．They could have more readers.
D．They could regain public trust.
31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?
A．It was a difficult process.
B．It was a temporary success.
C．It was a robbery of the poor.
D．It was a disaster for printers.
【答案】CA
【语篇导读】 本文为科普环保类说明文，介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。
【解析】
(29)推理判断题。题目为：街头销售对报纸意味着什么？选项分别为：A.价格会更高；B.他们会从城市消失;C.他们可以有更多的读者;D.他们可以重新赢得公众的信任。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众,很便宜的。更重要的是,在街上可以买到报纸。结合第三段中间的street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities 可知,报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出,街头销售意味读报纸的多了.故答案为C.
(31) 本题为推理判断题。题目为：关于便士纸的诞生，我们能说些什么呢？表面上，题目在问我们的观点，实际也是从文章推断观点。根据最后一段中：The new trend of newspapers for ‘the man on the street’ did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers already in business, people who owners of successful papers, had little desires to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.可知，“便士报纸” 新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了.后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。 由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。故答案为A。
D （2019•北京高考，B）
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）, who in May 2015 set up her business Ailie Candy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A.She argued with him.
B.She tried to find a way out.
C.She paid no attention.
D.She chose to consult dentists.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C.Positive thinking and action result in success.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【答案】 B C
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alice Moore ,一个年轻有为的创业者的故事,故事告诉我们:积极的思考和行动会带来成功
【解析】
【34】推理判断题。根据第二段的But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it? 此外，下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知,她对父亲的警告的反应是:她试图找到一条出路,解决问题。故选B。
【37】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事,她之所以能成功,源于面对问题和困难时,她乐观地看待问题,积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此,通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C.
E（2019•浙江高考题，B）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A.Women tended to be more sociable.
B.The activity attracted various people.
C.Economic problems were getting worse.
D.Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A.To do a test on people’s morals.
B.To raise money for his company.
C.To earn himself a good reputation.
D.To promote kindness and sympathy.
【答案】B D
【语篇导读】 这是一则新闻报道类的记叙文,讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站,竖起了-块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子,上面写着“留下你能给予的,拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱,但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句,阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨,弄清细节,根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子,从而得到需要的答案。
【解析】
( 25 )推理判断题。题干中的bride是Tyler Bridges举的-一个例子,为为证明前一句People of all ages, races, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took ,即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B.
(26 )推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D.
A(2020年安徽省皖南八校第二次联考B)
As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions .
Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor. She won the recent Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence， which recognizes creative business solutions to social problems-- the same recognition was given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her two inventions--the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink- have been causing excitement internationally since their creation.
When Makosinski was 15 years old, she created a flashlight powered by the heat of one's hand. This invention was the result of a 9th grade science project, but her goal was to offer a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity. “One of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school because she had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration. ” Makosinski explained.
At 12th grade, Makosinski then went on to create the e-Drink. It is a coffee cup that harvests the extra heat of a hot drink while it cools, stores it as electricity in an internal(内置的) battery and makes it available to charge an external dev ice such as a phone, whose life can now be longer by approximately 10 to 30 minutes.
“My favorite part of creating inventions would be when you had the idea and you have to physically build it, and it doesn't work out," she said. “So you have to figure out different ways to solve it. A lot of times, I'll give up and I'll come back after a couple of days and I'll take it up again."
Her adv ice to other student innovators? “Start now. There' s nothing holding you back. Actually, you can do whatever you want.”Makosinski said,“If you want to make something，follow your heart, then go ahead. If there's something you really want to do, you will make time for it and you will find time in the day to do your schoolwork."
24. Makosinsky created the powerless flashlight mainly to
A satisfy her desire to create inventions
B. settle problems in study for her friend
C. help those who are short of electricity
D. finish the assignment of a science project
25. Which of the following is mainly explained in paragraph 4?
A How the e-Drink was invented.
B. Why the e-Drink was created.
C. What the e-Drink brings.
D. How the e-Drink works.
26. Which can be the best title for this passage?
A Popular Inventions by a Teenager Girl
B. Teenager Girl Advancing in Creation
C. Valuable Advice from a Creative Girl
D. Awards Given to a Young Inventor
【答案】CDB
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文, Ann Makosinski平时喜欢自己发明一些东西,受到了大家的一致好评,同时她也鼓励其他大学生自己动手发明一些东西。
【解析】
24. 本题为推理判断题。根据第三段中的" This invention was the result of a 9th grade science project, but her goal was to offer a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity. "这项发明是一个九年级科学项目的结果，但她的目标是用不受限制获得的电为人们提供一个切实可行的解决方案 ，故选C.
25. 本题为段落大意题。根据第四段可知,本段讲述了e-Drink的工作原理,故选D。
26. 本题为标题选择题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了Ann Makosinski平时喜欢自己发明一些东西,受到了大家的一致好评,故选B.
B (2020 年上海虹口区高三一模C)
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks（自由主义智囊团）whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method -- develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it -- isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to test it true.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the guarantee for trust in science?
The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science.”
Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical（矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty（新颖性）and stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: trans-formative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
63 Distrust in science has been found because _________.
A．scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to some extent
B．most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of science
C．a wide - ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanks
D．someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science
64 Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?
A．A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science is changing.
B．A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists actually do.
C．A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.
D．True theories can produce false results because the scientific method doesn’t work.
65 What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?
A．The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.
B．The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.
C．The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.
D．The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.
66 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.
A．Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturned
B．It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxical
C．The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable
D．Science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds.
【答案】 DACA
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人们对科学的两种观点,即:相信科学和不信任科学。
【解析】
63. 本题为细节理解题。根据第一-段中的"For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science."可知, 几十年来，有一个广泛的、有组织的运动,目的是产生对科学的不信任，由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助,他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁,由此可知,人们发现对科学的不信任 是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁,故D项正确。
64. 本题为推理判断题。根据第二段中的" Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn't always work."可知,科学是活跃的，新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，所以科学的方法并不总是有效的，由此可知,作者可能会同意科学方法不一定有效，因为科学正在发生变化“这一说法,故A项正确。
65. 本题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"We call this process peer review because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of science."可知,我们称这个过程为同行评审,因为评审人员是科学上的同行,但是他们扮演着上级的角色,有权利也有义务找出错误,只有在审稿人和编辑满意之后,任何问题都得到了解决，论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域,由此可知,在评估-项科学声明时
，同行评审的主要目的是这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的,故C项正确。
66. 本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist." 可知,虽然真正解决的科学被推翻的例子比有时声称的要少得多,但它们确实存在,由此可知,并非所有关于公认科学的谬误的说法都会导致它被推翻,故A项正确。
C（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试A）
Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider.
Quebec city
Quebec city has long drawn admirers to its historic district the famed city wall, strange cobblestone lanes（鹅卵石小路）and handsome stone houses. This area transforms into a scenic Christmas village each December. The 403-year-old capital of Quebec province takes pride in the outdoors at Christmas time, when stone buildings shine with lights. Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.
Edinburgh
Edinburgh, a magic city full of staircases and hills as well as Georgian and neo-Classical buildings, is famous for its mixture of the modern and the old. This is evident in winter, when Scotland’s capital puts on a six-week festival lasting until Jan. 6 that goes way beyond Christmas markets. You can ride roller coasters, climb a wall of ice and attend a vivid Christmas themed show by the cabaret troupe（剧团）La Clique.
Zurich
If buying gifts is on your travel schedule, Zurich is an impressive shopping center, particularly around the holidays, from multiple Christmas markets and the luxury（奢侈品）dress shops of Bahnhofstrasse Street, to the independent designers and antique shops in the merging industrial zones. Another annual lighting spectacle（壮观场面）, Lichterschwimmen, on Dec. 21, includes hundreds of tiny lanterns that are sent floating down the River Limmat.
Sydney
A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney. One great and free way to feel the holiday is to take this Dec. 21 walking tour of George Street, which promises “the most sharable window displays and coloured lights.” One advantage over other destinations: warm, sandy beaches that lie just minutes from downtown, where the natural beauty of Australia’s most popular city will be waiting.
21. What can you do in Quebec city during Christmas?
A. Ride roller coasters.
B. Take part in a walking tour.
C. Enjoy cross-country ski.
D. Watch a Christmas-themed show.
22. Where should you go if you want to enjoy a Christmas without snow?
A. Quebec city. B. Edinburgh.
C. Zurich. D. Sydney.
23. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A guidebook. B. A diary.
C. A novel. D. A research paper.
【答案】 CDA
【语篇导读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了魁北克市、爱丁堡、苏黎世和悉尼这四个适合圣诞节期间旅游的好去处。
【解析】
21. 本题为细节理解题。由题干关键词Quebec city可将答案定位于第二段。由第二段最后一句“Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.”（可以考虑在亚伯拉罕平原上越野滑雪或者在尤维尔广场上滑冰。），可知在魁北克可以越野滑雪。故选C项。
22. 本题为细节理解题。由最后一段首句“A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney.”（ 雪的缺乏并没有影响悉尼的圣诞节气氛。），可知如果想要没有雪的圣诞节，可以去Sydney（悉尼）。故选D项。
23. 本题为推理判断题。由第一段中的句子“Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider.”（世界各地的城市都以独特而难忘的方式庆祝圣诞节。下面的国际目的地只是无数的选择中的一部分。）和后文主要介绍了四个适合在圣诞节期间旅行的城市，可知本文最有可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选A项。
D（2020届黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三教学检测B）
Since birth, Joy and Miriam were left at the gate of an orphanage (孤儿院). For the disabled sisters, who both have spina bifida (脊柱裂), it may have seemed that all hopes were lost at that time. But after being adopted by a British couple, they have become two of the country's most promising wheelchair basketball stars.
In 2005, the Haizes adopted them. Then, they moved to the UK when Joy was six and Miriam was seven. The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation, which Mr. Haize had with a friend in 2011. They hadn't known wheelchair sports before, but Joy was hooked from the beginning.
While Miriam loved the sport, it took her a little longer to become a serious athlete. “I used to have really low self-respect,” she said. “It's only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously. It gave me a path to follow.” Miriam was then chosen to play at both regional trials and the Sainsbury's School Games in 2014. Of course, she earned herself a place at the famous GB Futures training camp. “GB Futures helped me a lot. It helped me take basketball to another level and learn more about the game and its history. It also helped me be more independent,” said Miriam. Meanwhile, Joy is currently the youngest player on the GB women's team — but she is making her mark on the international stage, having represented Great Britain in tournaments (锦标赛) all over the world.
The teenagers are now eager to encourage others to explore the world of wheelchair sports. “You should have confidence in yourself. That's the one thing to help you succeed. Having setbacks helped me grow into a person and player. No matter what people said to us, we just tried our best,” said the girls.
4. What happened to Joy and Miriam when they were born?
A. They were adopted by a British couple.
B. They were abandoned to an orphanage.
C. They moved to the UK with their parents.
D. They lived with parents in an orphanage.
5. The sisters first got to know the wheelchair basketball from ________.
A. GB Futures training camp
B. their P.E. teacher by chance
C. a conversation in a TV program
D. a talk between their father and his friend
6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the Haizes aimed to train Joy to become the world champion
B. Joy set a good example to Miriam in the wheelchair basketball
C. it took Joy a long time to take the wheelchair basketball seriously
D. Miriam is the youngest player on the women's basketball team
7. What suggestion did the disabled sisters give to others?
A. Put your heart into work! B. A good beginning is half done!
C. All roads lead to Rome. D. Believe in yourself!
【答案】 BDBD
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一对轮椅篮球姐妹花的奋斗故事。
【解析】
4.B 可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy和Miriam一出生就被遗弃在了孤儿院门口。故选B项。
5.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation, which Mr.Haize had with a friend in 2011. ”可知，姐妹俩是通过父亲和朋友的一次偶然的谈话发现了轮椅篮球。故选D项。
6.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“It’s only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously. It gave me a path to follow.”可知，Joy取得了很好的成绩，从而激励了Miriam效仿她。Joy为Miriam树立了榜样。故选B项。
7.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Joy和Miriam姐妹说的话“You should have confidence in yourself. That’s the one thing to help you succeed.（你应该对自己有信心。 这是帮助你成功的一件事。）” 可知，她们鼓励年轻人一定要自信,自信能帮助他们成功。故选D项。
E (2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟B)
Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. As we initially considered it, it seemed crazy. Would we even make it a week without going mad? Living room, kitchen, office, dining room, all in one small four-walled space.
There were a number of other potential options. We could move out into the suburbs like most people do in our extraordinarily expensive city and have a small yard maybe even a basement. But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that aroused our interest, which challenged us. We like to live differently from the crowd, to avoid what everyone else is doing “just because” everyone else is.
“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space.
In the past, sometimes we had quite different ideas about which art or decorating style we found appealing. But here, in this tiny space, we found ourselves having a ton of fun exploring possible options. There’s no room for clutter(凌乱的东西), either. This is a gift!
It’s been 8 months, and we’re staying. Perhaps forever. When a space is this small, you don’t need to spend much in furnishing it, and you can’t keep endlessly buying things. There’s nowhere to put them!
This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. It’s so much better than feeling weighed down, paying for a big space and more and more things. I highly recommend it.
24. What can we learn from the words of the author’s husband?
A. He didn’t like to stay in the small space.
B. He made up his mind to stay in the small space.
C. He was uncertain about living in the small space.
D. He encouraged the author to live in the small space.
25. What do we know about the author’s experience from the text?
A. It was depressing but inspiring.
B. It was challenging but interesting.
C. It was disappointing but touching.
D. It was embarrassing but rewarding.
26. What’s the main advantage of living in the small room to the author?
A. She could enjoy life more. B. She could avoid the crowds.
C. She could clean the room easily. D. She could enjoy a feeling of freedom.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new trend of living B. The joy of living “tiny”
C. Save space, save money D. Make good use of space
【答案】 CBAB
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的经历和感受到的乐趣。
【解析】
24.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. “让我们试六个月吧。如果它让我们发疯，我们就会搬家。我们可以在6个月内做任何事情，”我丈夫说。可知，作者的丈夫也不确定能否住在这个小地方里，因此他提出了先住六个月试试。故选C项。
25.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that aroused our interest, which challenged us. 但是，这个整洁的“小”房子里有一些东西引起了我们的兴趣，对我们提出了挑战。以及第三段中It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 一开始挤进这个空间很有挑战性，但后来有件事让我们大吃一惊。我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。可知，文章中作者的经历是具有挑战性的，但也很有趣。故选B项。
26.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. 这给我们留下了更多的经济资源和更多的时间去到更广阔的世界去享受生活。对我们来说，住在“小”房子里让我们有一种富足的感觉。可知，作者认为住在“小”房子主要的好处是她能更多地去享受生活。故选A项。
27. B主旨大意题。根据第一段中Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. 今年早些时候，我和我的丈夫有机会在一个城市的“微小”空间里安家。第二段中We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。以及最后一段中I highly recommend it. 我强烈推荐它。可知，本文主要是讲述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的经历以及感受到的乐趣，因此本文的最佳标题是“住在小房子的乐趣”。故选B项。
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