高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 03 阅读理解篇之词义猜测题 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 03 阅读理解篇之词义猜测题 (含解析)，共20页。

预测03 阅读理解篇之词义猜测题


预测一 高考阅读的文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇广告类说明文，而词义猜测题是历年高考英语阅读理解的必考考点，考查学生们根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力, 尤其是对语境的分析和把握的能力。
预测二 高考阅读的词义猜测题的考查主要包括以下几种形式：猜测词义题；猜测短语题；猜测短语题等，如下图：

预测三 词义猜测题一般出现在C篇，偶尔出现在B篇或D篇，而且词义猜测题固定在1题，预计2020年高考阅读中的词义猜测题大概率出现在C篇，而且题量依然保持1题，题数应该是第二或第三题。以下为2018年和2019年全国高考1-3卷的词义猜测题的分布图：
词义猜测题在2019年全国I、II和III卷中的分布情况

词义猜测题在2018年全国I、II和III卷中的分布情况


高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%，而且英语中有不少词汇具有多重词性或词义，因此需要在强化词汇记忆的同时结合多重方法多管齐下。下图为具体的解题攻略：
图1：提问方式

图二：解题攻略


A（2019•新课标全国卷I，B）
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners.
C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
【答案】A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。 通过Chris Palaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长做出的努力。通过组织活动来增强移民的孩子们在学习英语.上的信心。
【解析】
25. 本题为词义猜测题。A.不正确的停顿;B、没有礼貌;C.拼写错误;D.愚骞的玩笑。根据句意:除了.... ,克里斯做的非常好。结合前一句I'm here to tell you today why you should .... shoul..可知他在表达时有些“不正确的停顿”, 故答案为A.
B（2019•新课标全国卷II，B）
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encourage teamwork.
B Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
【答案】B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙 ,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
【解析】
25. 本题为词义猜测题。A.鼓励团队协作; B、诉诸情感;C、促进良好行为; D.提供建议。前一句提到She may just need a little persuading (她也许只是需要一点儿劝说) , 所以“我又尝试了..... , 后句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”，“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长,故答案为B.

C（2019•新课标全国卷III，B）
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China —its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
26.What do the underlined words  "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A．learning from
B．looking down on
C．working with
D．competing against
【答案】D
【语篇导读】 本文为社会现象类议论文，介绍了中国文化及其丰富的文化,成为西方时尚设计师的灵感来源。中国年轻的设计师和模特最终在许多方面被认可,也将引领着世界时尚的潮流。
【解析】
(26) 本题为词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang.Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”, 故答案为D.
D （2019•北京高考，D）
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial
C. Significant
D. Unnoticeable
【答案】 A
【语篇导读】 这是一篇科普环保类说明文。一项最新研究表明 ,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一 种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因为光线反射的作用,它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长。
【解析】
43. 本题为词义猜测题。根据第三段中的"Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients."可知, 气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend"可知,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。
E（2019•浙江高考题，B）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
【答案】C
【语篇导读】 这是一则新闻报道类的记叙文,讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站,竖起了-块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子,上面写着“留下你能给予的,拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱,但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句,阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨,弄清细节,根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子,从而得到需要的答案。
【解析】
24. 本题为词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the btoard可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换,需要的从上面拿钱,有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。

A(2020年广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试C)
We’ve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary（久坐的）behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe（中颞叶）, a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, ages 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don’t even have to move much to enhance cognition（认知）; just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli（刺激）, like the word “green” in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-milicond margin.
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone.
I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin’s famous “Thinker,” seated with chin on hand.
They were wrong. You can now all stand up.
8. What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A. Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.
B. Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
C. Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
D. Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
9. What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. blank. B. edge.
C. decrease. D. difference.
10. What is the received idea about deep thought?
A. Sitting more is good for our mental health.
B. Sitting is better when we think.
C. Exercise more can improve our cognition.
D. We should stand while thinking.
11. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. people tend to sit while thinking
B. standing more can make our brain healthier
C. physical exercise can improve our brain health
D. sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems
【答案】 CDBB
【语篇导读】 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。
【解析】
8.此题为推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。）和第四段中的“What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.”（有趣的是，这项研究没有发现身体活动水平和大脑区域厚度之间有显著的关联，这表明运动，甚至是剧烈运动，可能不足以保护你免受坐姿的有害影响。），可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑。故选C项。
9. 此题为词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 32-millisecond margin.”（站着思考的受试者会以32毫秒的差异击败坐着的受试者。），可知margin在此处意为“差异”。故选D项。
10. 此题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin’s famous “Thinker,” seated with chin on hand.”（我知道，这一切都与我们从小学老师那里得到的关于深思熟虑的想法背道而驰，他们让我们坐下集中注意力，还有罗丹著名的“思想者”，手托下巴坐着。），可知我们以前接受的关于深思熟虑的想法是坐着思考更好。故选B项。
11. 此题为主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.”（ 但现在一项新的研究发现，坐着对大脑也有害。）， 第三段最后一句“It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。），第五段中的“It then surprisingly turned out that you don’t even have to move much to enhance cognition; just standing will do the trick.”（结果令人惊讶的是，你甚至不需要移动太多来增强认知能力；仅仅站着就可以了。）和最后一段“They were wrong. You can now all stand up.”（他们错了。你们现在都可以站起来了。）可知，文章主要介绍了多站立能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的现象。故选B项。
B (2020年黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三教学检测C)
Internet time tied to teen depression(抑郁) symptoms
Spending time online is normal behaviour for teenagers. But too much Internet use by teens —or too little, for that matter —might be related to depression, a new study finds.
The findings, reported in the journal of Pediatrics, do not mean that the Internet is to blame. For one, teens in the study who spent no time online were also at increased risk of depression symptoms. Instead, the researchers say that both heavy Internet use, and non-use, could serve as signals that a teenager is having a hard time.
For the study, Dr Pierre-Andre Michaud and his colleagues at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, surveyed 7,200 individuals aged 16 to 20 about their Internet use.
Those who were online more than two hours per day were considered “heavy” Internet users,while those online anywhere from several times per week to two hours per day were considered “regular” users.
The teenagers also answered a number of health-related questions, including some standard questions about "depressive tendencies” that gauge(判定) how often a person feels sad or hopeless. Compared with regular Internet users, the study found, kids who were heavy users or non-users were more likely to be depressed or very depressed.
Among male teens, heavy users and non-users were both around one-third more likely to have a high depression score, compared to “regular” users. Among girls, heavy Internet users had an 86 percent greater chance of depression, while non-users had a 46 percent greater likelihood compared to regular users.
That was with factors like family income and any chronic health problems taken into account.
Since teenagers typically go online to contact with friends, the researchers speculate(推测) that those who are never online may be more socially isolated.
8. How long are those who are online per day considered “heavy” Internet users?
A. More than two hours. B. More than eight hours.
C. More than twelve hours. D. More than ten hours.
9. What’s the purpose of Dr Michaud and his colleagues’ study?
A. To know the actual number of teenagers online.
B. To know the actual time of teenagers online.
C. To know the influence of study online on teenagers.
D. To know the relationship between the Internet use and depression.
10. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “isolated” in the last paragraph?
A. Independent B. United
C. Separated. D. Capable.
11. According to the accounts of the sixth paragraph, what can we conclude?
A. Non-users of Internet aren’t likely to be depressed.
B. Among girls, heavy Internet users are more likely to suffer depression than regular users.
C. Heavy users will lead to death unless limited.
D. Non-users have more possibility to be depressed than heavy users.
【答案】 ADCB
【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。本文阐述调查研究证明：在年轻人中，重度互联网使用者和从不使用互联网的孩子都有抑郁倾向，从来不使用互联网的孩子甚至会被社会孤立。
【解析】
8. 本题为细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Those who were online more than two hours per day were considered heavy’ Internet users ...”可知，每天上网时间超过两小时的人被视为“过度上网者”。 故选A。
9. 本题为推理判断题。根据第三段中的“surveyed 7,200 individuals aged 16 to 20 about their Internet use”和接下来的研究结果叙述可知，Michaud博士和他的同事研究的目的是了解因特网的使用和抑郁症的关系。故选D。
10. 本题为词义猜测题。根据前句Since teenagers typically go online to contact with friends “青少年上网主要是为了与朋友们联系”可知，“那些从来不上网的青少年可能更孤立自闭”，故用 separated (分离的，单独的)最合适。 故选C。
11. 本题为推理判断题。根据本段中的Among girls, heavy Internet users had an 86 percent greater chance of depression, while non-users had a 46 percent greater likelihood compared to regular users.可知，女孩当中过度上网者患抑郁症的可能性比正常上网者高86%，从而可以推断出，在女孩中，重度上网者比正常上网者更容易患抑郁症。故选B。
C（2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟C）
We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.
In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超声的)noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎)are cut. It’s just too high-pitched(音调高的)for humans to hear.
Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz(千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can alter the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.
On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.
If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
Khait’s report also suggests that insets and mammals can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth(蛾子)may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.
If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, should we be thankful we can’t hear them?
28. What did Khait and his team find from their research?
A. Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.
B. Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
C. Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
D. Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.
29. How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?
A. A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
B. Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.
C. Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.
D. Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.
30. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A. The potential applications of the research.
B. Challenges facing farmers in the future.
C. Farmers ‘contributions to the research.
D. What the future agriculture will be like.
31. The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “________”.
A. practical B. unsuspected C. unsupported D. complicated
【答案】 BCAC
【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。一项尚未发表的研究发现，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，不同类型的压力导致了不同的声音。
【解析】
28. 本题为细节理解题。根据第一段中Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed. 现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。以及第二段中In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超声的)noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎)are cut. 在一项尚未发表的研究中，以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克·凯特(Itzhak Khait)和他的团队发现，番茄和烟草植物可以发出超声波。由于缺水或茎被剪断时，植物会“哭泣”。可知，Khait和他的团队发现植物能够发出声音来应对压力。故选B项。
29. 本题为细节理解题。根据第五段中In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. 在大多数情况下，它能根据声音的强度和频率，正确地识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由切割引起的。例如，缺水的烟草似乎比切下来的烟草发出的声音更大。可知，切下来的烟草发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下的烟草发出的声音要弱。故选C项。
30. 本题为主旨大意题。根据第六段中As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. 他们说，随着气候变化导致更多的干旱，这对农民来说将是重要的信息。“受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业，”英国皇家植物园的Anne Visscher说。可知，本段主要是讲述了研究发现植物能发出声音对农业的影响，也就是研究在农业的潜在应用价值。故选A项。
31. 本题为词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”. 瑞士洛桑大学的Edward Farmer对此表示怀疑。他说，让飞蛾听植物的声音这种想法“有点太___________了”。由doubtful可知Edward Farmer不确定这种说法是否正确，因此猜测划线词speculative意为“未经证实的，推测性的”。故选C项。
D（2020年湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测C）
The latest sports craze is not even a sport. According to a recent article, “e-sports” are attracting a large number of audience.
In e-sports, players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Ovenvatch. Fans fill arenas to watch the action live on huge television screens.
The games have gone way past kids playing against each other while sitting on a sofa at home. The International, a major competition for players of Dota 2, awarded $24 million in prizes, with the winner taking home almost $11 million. A recent e-sports competition attracted more than 80,000 fans to the Olympic Stadium in Beijing, China.
I have to admit that I am not a big fan of computer games. I know that some games can be educational, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.
And please don’t tell me that competitive gaming is real sport because it requires hand-eye coordination. According to my American Heritage Dictionary, a sport is “an activity involving physical exertion and skill.” I don’t think anyone works up much of a sweat playing video games.
Too often, regular sports send kids a kind of message. Competition starts early, when lots of kids are not ready for the ups and downs of games. Tryouts and travel teams come next, giving too many kids the message they are “not good” at sports. So lots of kids quit sports and start playing more video games.
Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think more about the advantages of real sports.
8. What are “e-sports” according to the text?
A. Sports events on television screens.
B. Video computer game competitions.
C. The latest sports in the Olympic Games.
D. Easy sports games for kids.
9. What might the author think of “e-sports”?
A. They are not instructive.
B. They should be banned in school.
C. They need too much time and money.
D. They have some negative influence on children.
10. What does the underlined word “exertion” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Growth. B. Fitness.
C. Effort. D. Energy.
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To introduce a new kind of sport.
B. To introduce a competition held in Beijing.
C. To explain the importance of playing sports.
D. To call on people to pay more attention to traditional sports.
【答案】 BDCD
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。
【解析】
8. 本题为细节理解题。根据第二段中的In e-sports, players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Ovenvatch. Fans fill arenas to watch the action live on huge television screens.可知，在电子竞技中，玩家和团队在Dota2和Ovenvatch等流行的电子游戏中竞争。粉丝们挤满了球场，在巨大的电视屏幕上观看现场直播。由此可知，电子竞技是电脑游戏的比赛。故选B。
9. 本题为推理判断题。根据第四段中的I know that some games can be educational, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.(我知道有些游戏是有教育意义的，但我认为太多的孩子花太多的时间坐在屏幕前射击外星人。我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)及第五段中的I don’t think anyone works up much of a sweat playing video games.(我认为没有人会在玩电子游戏时大汗淋漓)和最后一段中的Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think more about the advantages of real sports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可推知，作者认为电子竞技对孩子们造成了一些消极影响。故选D。
10. 本题为词义猜测题。此处是作者从美国传统辞典上查阅的关于运动的定义，an activity involving physical exertion and skill.划线词语由physical修饰，结合常识和下句much of a sweat可知，此处指体力活动，身体的努力。与选项中的Effort同义。故选C。
11. 本题为推理判断题。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。根据第四段中的I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.(我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)和最后一段中的Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think more about the advantages of real sports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可知，作者呼吁人们应该更多地关注传统体育。故选D。
E (2020届湖南省三湘名校高三第二次大联考B)
As seniors in college looking forward to life’s next goals-graduation and employment-it is essential to have a sense of feeling important. Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, and sometimes not so small current running through my mind, spitting out little charges that are meant to stop me from even applying. The charges come in the form of words that seem to shout out like “It is not even worth trying!” or “You look as if you were a qualified man...”
I met with a professor last week about a specific posting that really got me excited. Maybe the first time I could actually imagine myself in a position. I do not want to tell you which one because then there will be one more person applying for it. However, the professor said to me, “You and thousands of other people are interested in that job.” His response successfully dampened(抑制)my initial enthusiasm. So I went back to work on my cover letter, feeling like one little itty-bitty(极小的)sardine swimming in a school of thousands, with far less motivation than I had initially.
Of course, the realities are good, and we should never feel deserving of, or entitled to, a position. I would say there are only a few select students out there. The cream, who has academic advantages, would be sure to stand out. The rest of us, struggling through our course loads, are the crop. But being the crop does not make us any less important!
The point is that, like the old Hasidic story goes in Jewish tradition, we should always remember to carry two slips of paper in our pockets, especially during times of challenge and transition. When feeling beat down, or lost within a school of sardines, take out one slip of paper that says “For my sake, the world was created”. But for fear that you become a person filled with self-importance, carry a second slip of paper to serve as a gentle reminder, “I am but dust and ashes.”
24. What does the author imply in Paragraph 1?
A. He doesn’t want to work after graduation.
B. He has no confidence in finding a good job.
C. He tries to behave himself after graduation.
D. He shows no interest in most jobs in the list.
25. After talking with the professor, the author was ________.
A. inspired B. confused C. discouraged D. embarrassed
26. What does the underlined part “the crop” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The plants in the field. B. Common members of a group.
C. Those who enjoy their life. D. Those who are tied to a position.
27. What’s suggested in the last paragraph?
A. Control our feelings when faced with different problems.
B. Read as many old stories as possible in our daily life.
C. Learn how to make ourselves important to others.
D. Understand the function of two sheets of paper.
【答案】 DCBA
【语篇导读】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为一个大四学生，在找工作时认为被人重视是很重要的，但是在于教授进行交谈后作者泄了气，感觉自己就像一条小沙丁鱼在成千上万人的学校里游泳，没有了最初那么大的动力。作者感悟到自己只是芸芸众生中普通的一员，关键是当面对不同的问题时要学会控制自己的情绪。
【解析】
24. 本题为推理判断题。根据第一段中Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, and sometimes not so small current running through my mind, spitting out little charges that are meant to stop me from even applying. The charges come in the form of words that seem to shout out like “It is not even worth trying!” or “You look as if you were a qualified man...”可知每次我浏览招聘启事时，我的大脑总会闪现一股小小的、有时甚至不是那么小的电流，它会吐出一些小念头，这些小念头甚至会阻止我申请工作。它们会说“根本不值得一试!”或“你看起来好像是个合格的人……”由此可推知，他对名单上的大多数工作都不感兴趣。故选D。
25. 本题为细节理解题。根据第二段中His response successfully dampened my initial enthusiasm.可知他的反应成功地浇灭了我最初的热情。由此可知，与教授交谈之后，作者泄气了。故选C。
26. 本题为词义猜测题。根据上文The cream, who has academic advantages, would be sure to stand out. The rest of us, struggling through our course loads, are可知这个有学术优势的人一定会脱颖而出。剩下的我们，在课业负担中苦苦挣扎的人，是芸芸众生中普通的一员。可推知，the crop在文章中指的是“芸芸众生中普通的一员”。故选B。
27. 本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段中When feeling beat down, or lost within a school of sardines, take out one slip of paper that says “For my sake, the world was created”. But for fear that you become a person filled with self-importance, carry a second slip of paper to serve as a gentle reminder, “I am but dust and ashes.”可知当你感到沮丧，或者在沙丁鱼群中迷失时，拿出一张纸条，上面写着“为了我，世界被创造了”。但是，为了防止你变成一个妄自尊大的人，你可以携带第二张纸条，作为一个温柔的提醒：“我不过是尘土和灰烬。”由此可推知，言外之意，我们在面对不同的问题时要学会控制自己的情绪。故选A。