高考英语三轮冲刺押题精选02 阅读理解说明文（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺押题精选02 阅读理解说明文（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含高考英语三轮冲刺押题精选02阅读理解说明文解析版doc、高考英语三轮冲刺押题精选02阅读理解说明文原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共49页， 欢迎下载使用。

押题精选02 阅读理解说明文
Passage1
SpaceX will soon have a whole fleet of shiny silver Starship prototypes(原型), if all goes according to the plan. Elon Musk gave his annual update about Starship and Super Heavy, the reusable spaceship and rocket, respectively, that the company is building to help colonize Mars. The presentation took place at SpaceX s South Texas site and featured the 165-foot-tall Starship Mkl- the first full-size Starship prototype, whose assembly(组装) was completed just days before Musk's talk.
SpaceX aims to launch the stainless-steel Mk1 on an uncrewed, 12- mile- high test flight in the next month or two, Musk said. And a much more ambitious journey should follow in relatively short order. “I mean, this is going to sound totally unrealistic, but I think we want to try to reach orbit in less than six months.” But the Mk1 won't make that milestone flight. That honour will be likely to go to Mk4 or Mk5 Starship version, Musk added.
Starship Mk2 is already under construction and should be finished within the next couple of months at most. SpaceX plans to begin building the Mk3 at Boca Chica in about a month, and that prototype will likely be ready to fly about three months from now. The Mk4 will take shape in Florida shortly after that- and it could end up being the first Starship vehicle to circle Earth.
Like most of Musk' s plans, these construction schedules are quite ambitious. SpaceX spent a lot of time on the Mk1, after all; construction work on that vehicle goes all the way back to at least December 2018. But the company has learned a lot during the time, so getting a Starship to orbit by the spring of 2020 should be achievable, Must said.
The Mk1 and Mk2 Starships are equipped with three of SpaceX’s next- generation Raptor engines. Versions starting with Mk3, however, will be powered by six Raptors, just like the final, operational Starship, which Musk has said will be capable of carrying up to 100 passengers.
At present SpaceX is building one Raptor every eight to ten days but should pick up the pace obviously in the coming months. The record will skyrocket when SpaceX starts building the Super Heavy, which won't happen until Starship Mk4 is done. The goal is to get to one Raptor per day by early 2020 at the latest.
The final Starship could take to the skies very soon, if the testing campaign continues to go well. And Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa has booked a crewed flight around the moon aboard the system, with a target launch date of 2023.
12. What can we learn about the Starship Mk1?
A. It is an imaginary passenger-carrying vehicle.
B. It is an unmanned reusable large spaceship.
C. It is a scaled-down version of Super Heavy.
D. It is a stainless-steel spaceship under construction.
13. How will Mk5 be powered according to the text?
A. By three of SpaceX's next generation Raptor engines.
B. By four of SpaceX' s next- generation Raptor engines.
C. By five of SpaceX's next- generation Raptor engines.
D. By six of SpaceX s next- generation Raptor engines.
14. Which of the following is true about Mk4 compared with the former Starships?
A. It will take up to 100 passengers to space.
B. It is the first to make a test flight orbiting Mars.
C. It has been under construction for about one year.
D. It is expected to go into Earth's orbit before long.
15. Why is Yusaku Maezawa mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. The project of SpaceX is promising.
B. Space exploration has caught on worldwide.
C. SpaceX takes the lead in the aerospace field.
D. More financial support is desperately needed.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了SpaceX很快就会拥有一整支闪亮的银色星际飞船原型舰队，Elon Musk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造的星际飞船和超重型，以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。文章详细介绍了星际飞船系列飞船的计划和配置情况。
12.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中Elon Musk gave his annual update about Starship and Super Heavy, the reusable spaceship and rocket, respectively, that the company is building to help colonize Mars. The presentation took place at SpaceX s South Texas site and featured the 165-foot-tall Starship Mkl- the first full-size Starship prototype, whose assembly was completed just days before Musk's talk.可知Elon Musk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造星际飞船和超重型，以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。发布会在SpaceX公司的南德克萨斯基地举行，展示了165英尺高的星际飞船Mkl，这是第一艘全尺寸的星际飞船原型，它的组装工作在马斯克演讲前几天完成。以及第二段中SpaceX aims to launch the stainless-steel Mk1 on an uncrewed, 12- mile- high test flight in the next month or two, Musk said.可知马斯克表示，SpaceX的目标是在未来一两个月里，在无人驾驶的12英里高空试飞不锈钢Mk1。由此可知，星际飞船Mk1是一艘无人驾驶可重复使用的大型宇宙飞船。故选B。
13.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中Versions starting with Mk3, however, will be powered by six Raptors, just like the final, operational Starship, which Musk has said will be capable of carrying up to 100 passengers.可知然而，从Mk3开始之后的版本，将由6架猛禽提供动力，就像最后一艘投入使用的星际飞船一样。马斯克曾表示，这艘飞船最多可以搭载100名乘客。由此可知，SpaceX公司的下一代猛禽发动机为Mk5提供动力。故选D。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中The Mk4 will take shape in Florida shortly after that- and it could end up being the first Starship vehicle to circle Earth.可知在那之后不久，Mk4将在佛罗里达州成形——它可能最终成为第一艘环绕地球的星际飞船。由此可知，与以前的星际飞船相比，Mk4不久就会进入地球轨道。故选D。
15.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中The final Starship could take to the skies very soon, if the testing campaign continues to go well.可知如果测试活动继续顺利进行，最终的星际飞船可能很快升空。由此可推知，最后一段提到Yusaku Maezawa的目的是为了表明SpaceX的项目是很有希望的。故选A。
Passage2
Solar power is helping bring about a future of cleaner energy, but there are limits to where rigid solar panels (刚性太阳能电池板)can go. A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿)can go almost anywhere, says physicist Olga Malinkiewicz. We can use perovskite cells on the surfaces of the building, on the roofs of the buildings, on the roofs of the cars and on the electronic devices. We can use it on the sails. We can use it in the balls, tents and unlimited applications. Malinkiewicz says perovskite has become a favorite among solar panel researchers. Because it can be printed, everyone can use it on every surface.
Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet printer. She co-founded a company to produce them, called Soleil Technologies, after the Baltic sun goddess. Construction company Skanska is testing the panels at their Warsaw headquarters. Adam Targowski is sustainable (可持续的)development manager for Skanska. They work perfectly, even when they are not well exposed to sunlight. So we can use them in all surfaces of the building. Soleil calculates that about one square meter of panel can supply a day’s worth of power for one worker’s computer and lights. And they keep getting better as research continues, says the company’s scientific director Konrad Wojciechowski.
For other technologies, it took decades to really enter markets. Perovskite has been around only for few years in scientific research, so there is still a lot to be done, but potential is basically pretty much unlimited, I think. There are still durability and other problems to work out, but several companies expect to have perovskite panels on the market this year.
12. What do we know about perovskite solar cell from the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s complex. C. It’s flexible. D. It’s expensive.
13. What does the underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refer to?
A. Skanska and Adam Targowski.
B. Malinkiewicz and Skanska.
C. Soleil Technologies.
D. Perovskite panels.
14. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. It needs years to put perovskite panels into markets.
B. Scientists think perovskite panels are ready for markets.
C. Perovskite has been studied for decades.
D. Perovskite panels will soon be seen in the market.
15. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain how to use perovskite panels.
B. To introduce perovskite panels.
C. To advertise a new solar power cell.
D. To propose scientists to further study perovskiet cells.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景。
12. C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite can go almost anywhere”可知，钙钛矿太阳能电池没有安装位置的限制，由此可知它具有灵活性，故C项正确。
13.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet printer.”可知，Malinkiewicz发明了一种打印钙钛矿电池板的方法，就像喷墨打印机一样，这类钙钛矿电池板特别好用，不管是否完全暴置于日光下都很好用，由此可知they指代的就是前面提到的钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。
14.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but several companies expect to have perovskite panels on the market this year.”可知，一些公司已经打算今年在市场上出售钙钛矿电池板了，由此可知，很快就能在市场上看到钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。
15.B 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿)can go almost anywhere”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景，由此可知本文的目的就是介绍钙钛矿电池板，故B项正确。
Passage 3
Wandering the British Museum, you can see some of the finest objects ever created by human hands. But some of our most precious objects are things that were once thrown away. Today, they have become invaluable tools for learning about the past.
On display in Room 3, Disposable? exhibits a group of objects: finds from Staple Howe, a settlement sometime between 700 BC and 450 BC. These pot pieces, animal bones, and tools were cast aside when they were no longer useful. Thousands of years later they allow us to study the people who made, used, and threw them away. From Staple Howe’s rubbish we know that its inhabitants were very resourceful: a broken pot was recycled to make a spindle whorl, and a razor has been heavily sharpened to lengthen its life.
The second half of the Disposable? displays the human impact of modem waste in the Pacific Island nations. Single-use products made from plastic are often thrown away poorly. This has led to almost eight million metric tons of plastic entering our oceans every year.
A simple yet technically beautiful yellow fishing basket made by Guam artist Guerrero highlights the plastic waste problem in the Pacific. For centuries, fishing baskets in Guam were made of coconut leaves but here Guerrero used plastic wrapping found on his local beach. While the basket is made using traditional techniques, the plastic wrapping is more durable than plant fibers. Guerrero has found a creative and practical way to give this single-use material a second life.
Communities across the Pacific are working together to fight the problem through re-purposing thrown — away items and banning some single-use plastic items. However, these local responses can by no means reduce the scale of the problem. The plastic crisis cannot be left to individuals or communities and will take a concerted international effort by governments across the globe.
If the rubbish from Staple Howe can help us build stories and details of people living in ancient Britain, what can today’s plastic rubbish tell us about ourselves?
12. Why are the deserted objects in Staple Howe valuable?
A. They were created by hand. B. They were beautifully decorated.
C. They consist of precious materials. D. They bear information of life in the past.
13. In which way did Guerrero change the traditional fishing basket?
A. Material. B. Technique.
C. Color. D. Wrapping.
14. The exhibition, Disposable? ________.
A. is displayed in two rooms
B. is held by Pacific communities
C. displays both ancient and modem items
D. shows Staple Howe’s influence on Pacific communities
15. What does the writer suggest about the plastic crisis?
A. Leaving it to individuals.
B. Holding international concerts.
C. Local responses from Staple Howe.
D. A united effort by global governments.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大英博物馆3号房间的一次性？展览所展示的展品及其意义和反映的问题。
12.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“From Staple Howe’s rubbish we know that its inhabitants were very resourceful: a broken pot was recycled to make a spindle whorl, and a razor has been heavily sharpened to lengthen its life.”可知，从斯特普尔豪斯的废弃物中我们了解到它的居民是充满智慧的：一个破碎的罐子被回收用来制作一个纺锤轮，一把剃刀被磨快来延长它的使用寿命，由此可知，斯特普尔豪斯被遗弃的物品有价值是因为它们承载了过去生活的信息（从它们我们能够了解过去人们生活的一些情况），故D项正确。
13.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For centuries, fishing baskets in Guam were made of coconut leaves but here Guerrero used plastic wrapping found on his local beach.”可知，几个世纪以来，关岛的捕鱼篮都是用椰叶做的，但格雷罗在这里使用的是当地海滩上发现的塑料包装，也就是说格雷罗通过改变制作材料改变了传统的捕鱼篮，故A项正确。
14.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“On display in Room 3, Disposable? exhibits a group of objects: finds from Staple Howe, a settlement sometime between 700 BC and 450 BC.”可知，一次性？展览展出了在斯特普尔豪斯发现的、公元前700年到公元前450年之间的人类定居点的一组废弃物品；再根据第三段中的“The second half of the Disposable? displays the human impact of modem waste in the Pacific Island nations.”可知，一次性？展览的后半部分展示现代垃圾对太平洋岛国居民的影响，由此可知，一次性？展览展示了古代和现代物品，故C项正确。
15.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The plastic crisis cannot be left to individuals or communities and will take a concerted international effort by governments across the globe.”可知，作者认为解决塑料危机不能只靠个人和社区，需要全球各国政府共同努力，故D项正确。
Passage 4
Time magazine listed its top inventions of 2019, some of which will surely become a big part of our everyday lives over the next decade. Here are some we're most looking forward to.
●Virtual （虚拟的）surgery
According to Harvard Business Review, our current system of training surgeons can't keep up with the speed of technological development. “Even after 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school and 5 years of advanced training after working, 30% of graduates still can't operate on their own,” said Justin Barad, who is the CEO and co-founder of Osso VR.
This VR software is made to give doctors virtual operating-room experience so they can practice and prepare for surgeries. Apparently, it works. Gideon Blumstein of California University conducted a study on using Osso VR. His team found that participants' overall surgical performance improved by an astonishing 230% over traditional training methods.
● Vending veggies （出售素食）
"Eat happier. ” That's the Farmers Fridge advertising message. It is a good one, as this company wants to bring fresh, healthy food to people on the go.
It's trying to change more than just food, though. It also wants to change the delivery method. Farmers Fridge has created its very own automatic machines. They can be placed in high-traffic areas. These super-smart vending machines can know their contents at any moment, and can allow customers to reserve and pay in advance. They can even learn about what customers want. Shayna Harris is the company's Chief Growth Officer. “We have developed salads, sandwiches and breakfast items that taste as fresh as if you were to make them in your home kitchen,” she said in an interview with Insider Trends.
● Recycling pollution
When we write with black ink, we're writing with soot — a powder made by burning coal or oil. Cars are machines that produce soot. To collect the soot, Anirudh Sharma, creator of AIR-INK, made a device called Kaalink, which attaches to a vehicle’s exhaust pipe （排气管）.Once collected, it's made into ink color and mixed with vegetable oil to create inks, markers and paints with the brand AIR-INK.
“I don't know if it's pollution, but the quality of the ink is really special,” said artist Kristopher Ho. “It's black, really thick and dries extremely quickly.”
The Guardian describes AIR-INK as "remarkably green”. Each 30-milliliter pen contains between 40—50 minutes of air pollution, while each 6-liter spray can hold 2,000 minutes of diesel exhaust （柴油废气）. In the past year, Sharma said, his team has cleaned nearly 1.7 trillion （万亿）liters of air in India and Hong Kong.
1. What can be known about Osso VR?
A. It is an assistant to help surgeons do operations.
B. It can perform operations on patients automatically.
C. It offers doctors a virtual environment to practice surgeries.
D. It is a piece of software to help medical students do research.
2. What makes Farmers Fridge different and special?
A. Why its advertisement works.
B. What its vending machines sell.
C. How its vending machines operate.
D. Where its vending machines serve.
3. What attitude does Kristopher Ho hold toward AIR-INK?
A. Doubtful. B. Casual.
C. Disapproving. D. Positive.
4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To encourage scientists to make technological inventions.
B. To tell readers some of the latest inventions in technology.
C. To call on people to keep up with technological development.
D. To raise everyone's awareness of the environmental protection.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。《时代》杂志列出了2019年的顶级发明，有些肯定会在未来十年成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。文章列举出几项我们最期待的发明：虚拟手术；出售素食；污染物回收。
1.C 细节理解题。根据Virtual surgery部分的第二段中的This VR software is made to give doctors virtual operating-room experience so they can practice and prepare for surgeries.(这个虚拟现实软件是为了给医生提供虚拟手术室的体验，让他们可以练习和准备手术。)可知Osso VR软件为医生提供了一个虚拟的手术环境。故选C项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Vending veggies部分的第二段中的It’s trying to change more than just food, though. It also wants to change the delivery method.(不过，它试图改变的不仅仅是食物。它还想改变送货方式。)及These super-smart vending machines can know their contents at any moment, and can allow customers to reserve and pay in advance.(这些超级智能的自动售货机可以随时知道其货品，并允许客户提前预订和付款。) 可知Farmers Fridge(农民冰箱)的自动售卖机的运作方式是其与众不同之处。故选C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据Recycling pollution部分的第二段中的“I don’t know if it’s pollution, but the quality of the ink is really special,” said artist Kristopher Ho. “It’s black, really thick and dries extremely quickly.”可知Kristopher Ho提到墨水的质量真的很特别。它是黑色的，非常厚，而且干得非常快。因此可以推断出Kristopher Ho对AIR-INK(空气墨水)持肯定态度。故选D项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Time magazine listed its top inventions of 2019, some of which will surely become a big part of our everyday lives over the next decade . Here are some we’re most looking forward to.(《时代》杂志列出了2019年的顶级发明，有些肯定会在未来十年成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。以下是我们最期待的。)及下文对一些发明物的介绍可推理知本文的意图在于向读者介绍一些最新的技术发明。故选B项。
Passage 5
"When I was 16 years old, I was diving in Greece, but I was disappointed because I saw more plastic bags than fish.” These are the words of Boyan Slat, an engineer who designed the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system.

Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. It is predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this from happening, in 2013 Slat created the Ocean Cleanup, an environmental non¬governmental organization, and put his plan for an ocean cleanup device into action.
After years of research and develop¬ment in the Netherlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastics on October 2, 2019. The device uses a 600-meter-long C-shaped tube to gather all the floating rubbish. Unlike other cleanup methods, the system floats freely according to the direction of the waves, which allows waste to flow into and stay within the device. A sea anchor is attached to either end. This slows down the system as it floats through the water and allows the faster-moving rubbish, carried by the waves, to flow into its mouth. System 001/B can also collect waste below the surface using a 3-meter-deep skirt（挡板）attached to the end. After being gathered, the trash will be dragged back to shore by boat and recycled.
Right now, the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area that is 3 times the size of France. Once operational, the Ocean Cleanup expects a full fleet to be able to clear 50% of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in 5 years.
"It remains to be seen whether this dream will become a reality, but it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused," Slat said. "We are starting to see a young generation that gets it and is excited about a sustainable （可持续的）future, but the question still comes down to: Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done before we get there?"
12. The underlined word “match” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________”.
A. compare B. equal
C. measure D. cover
13. Why did Boyan Slat create the Ocean Cleanup?
A. To collect ocean plastic waste.
B. To help to invent System 001/B.
C. To protect the living environment of fish.
D. To do research on the ocean environment.
14. What can we know about System 001/B?
A. It can collect and recycle garbage at the same time.
B. It can only gather ocean waste which floats on the water.
C. It aims to clear up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five years.
D. It is an ocean-cleaning device which has already been put to use.
15. What does Slat want to tell us according to the last paragraph?
A. Young generations care less about the environment.
B. The future ecology of the oceans is deeply worrying.
C. People should work hard to decrease plastic pollution.
D. It's quite difficult to repair the damage to the environment.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋塑料污染严重，工程师斯莱特设计了世界上第一个海洋塑料清理系统。一种名为System 001/B的装置于2019年10月2日成功地开始收集塑料。目前，该系统在太平洋垃圾场运行。人类必须共同努力，减少塑料的使用，并修复我们的废物造成的破坏。
12.B 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme.(根据联合国环境规划署的数据，每年有超过800万吨的塑料最终进入我们的海洋。)及match前的the weight of ocean plastics(海洋塑料的重量)及其后的the weight of all the fish in our oceans(我们海洋中所有鱼类的重量)可知每年都有许多的塑料进入海洋，根据逻辑推理知海洋塑料的重量将会与鱼类的重量相等，可推测知match在此处意为“相等”，故选B项。
13.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It is predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this from happening, in 2013 Slat created the Ocean Cleanup(据预测，到 2050 年，海洋塑料的重量将与我们海洋中所有鱼类的重量相匹配。为防止这种情况，Slat创立了The Ocean Cleanup)可知Slat创立The Ocean Cleanup是为了收集海洋塑料垃圾，防止塑料重量与鱼类重量相等的状况发生。故选A项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastics on October 2, 2019.(一种名为System 001/B的设备于2019年10月2日成功开始收集塑料)可知System 001/B是一种已经投入使用的海洋清洁设备。故选D项。
15.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused(不可否认的是，人类必须共同努力减少塑料的使用并修复我们的废物造成的破坏。)可知Slat想传达出人们应该努力减少塑料污染。故选C项。
Passage 6
Around the world, banana plants are dying at an alarming rate. They are being attacked by a form of Panama disease called Tropical Race 4 (TR4). TR4 is a fungus (真菌) that lives in soil. It infects banana plants through the roots and moves into the stems where it prevents water and nutrition from reaching the plants’ leaves. The plants turn yellow, and then they dry up and die.
Farmers, experts, and industry leaders have feared that TR4 would hit Latin America and the Caribbean, where about 85% of bananas exported worldwide are grown. On August 8, 2019, those fears came true. Colombia declared a national emergency as cases of TR4 were confirmed at six banana farms in the country. It can take six months to a year for farmers to spot TR4 in a field of banana plants. By then, it's hard to treat the disease. Farmers can only try to keep it from spreading. But TR4 spreads easily with increased human transportation, travel, and trade, from plant to plant and from farm to farm.
Part of the problem is that 99% of bananas exported are of the same variety: Cavendish. This is helpful for the banana industry to grow more bananas when they grow only one kind, which means they can make more money. But a lack of diversity is not good for nature. All Cavendish bananas are genetically the same, so, when a disease such as TR4 strikes, they are all equally vulnerable.
This isn't the first time in history that bananas have been in danger. Before the 1950s, nearly all the bananas grown for export were of one variety: Gros Michel. Then Panama disease hit. The banana industry needed a replacement, so it turned to a different type of banana: Cavendish, which was resistant to Panama disease. Even if we find a way to resolve today' s banana crisis (危机), could history repeat itself, yet again, in decades to come?
8. How does TR4 kill banana plants?
A. It destroys the roots of banana plants. B. It eats up banana plants’ stems and leaves.
C. It consumes all nutrition for banana plants. D. It blocks the banana plants’ nutrition transport.
9. What is the most basic in fighting TR4?
A. Finding TR4 as soon as possible. B. Keeping Cavendish from spreading.
C. Developing new medicines for TR4. D. Planting varieties of fruits besides bananas.
10. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Very resistant. B. Easily hurt.
C. Quite safe. D. Hardly productive.
11. What can we know about growing bananas from the text?
A. Most exported bananas are grown in North America.
B. Almost all exported bananas are Cavendish bananas.
C. Cavendish bananas aren’t resistant to Panama disease.
D. Gros Michel will replace Cavendish as exported bananas.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。在世界各地，香蕉植物正在以惊人的速度死亡。它们正遭受一种巴拿马疾病的攻击，这种疾病被称为TR4。文章说明了TR4对拉丁美洲和加勒比地区香蕉种植地的影响，以及说明了导致香蕉处于危险之中的原因，和历史上香蕉曾面临过的危机。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中It infects banana plants through the roots and moves into the stems where it prevents water and nutrition from reaching the plants’ leaves. The plants turn yellow, and then they dry up and die.可知，它通过根部感染香蕉植物，并进入茎部，在那里它阻止水分和营养到达植物的叶子。植物变黄，然后枯萎死亡。由此可知，TR4阻碍了香蕉植物的营养运输，从而杀死了香蕉植物。故选D。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中It can take six months to a year for farmers to spot TR4 in a field of banana plants. By then, it's hard to treat the disease.可知，农民们需要6个月到一年的时间才能在一片香蕉地里发现TR4。到那时，就很难治疗这种疾病了。由此可知，对抗TR4最基本的是尽快找到TR4。故选A。
10.B 词义猜测题。根据上文But a lack of diversity is not good for nature. All Cavendish bananas are genetically the same, so, when a disease such as TR4 strikes, they are all equally可知，缺乏多样性对自然是不利的。所有Cavendish香蕉的基因都是一样的，所以当TR4这样的疾病来袭时，它们都同样脆弱。故划线单词意思为“脆弱的，容易受伤害的”。故选B。
11.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Part of the problem is that 99% of bananas exported are of the same variety: Cavendish.可知，在问题的部分原因在于，出口的香蕉99%都是同一品种：Cavendish香蕉，这种香蕉能抵抗巴拿马病。由此可知，几乎所有出口的香蕉都是Cavendish香蕉。故选B。
Passage 7
When people think about British music, for the most part they think about the 60s or 70s with the likes of The Beatles and The Rolling Stones or more modern artists like Adele or Ed Sheeran. However, stuck between these two ages was, in my opinion, British music’s best period. The 90s were an optimistic time for Britain and indeed Europe, with the economy recovering from the lows of the 80s and the Cold War ending.
One of the defining features of 90s music was the birth of “Britpop”. This was a style of pop music that aimed to promote “Britishness” and commonly featured electric guitars, drums and male singers. Britpop was the style used by world-famous bands such as Oasis, Blur, Pulp and Suede who became known as “The Big Four”. The summer of 1995 was dominated by the “Battle of Britpop” which was between Blur and Oasis for the number one spot. Eventually, Blur won the battle and Oasis settled for second.
However, the 90s weren’t only for the boys, with major female groups also finding fame, the most well-known of which were “the Spice Girls” who were extremely popular in Britain and around the world. Once again they promoted “Britishness” and had catchy melodies and lyrics, but they also started the “Girl Power” movement which helped empower girls and women worldwide. It isn’t too far to assume that without their music, many female singers and artists who we love today would not have had the confidence to pursue their dream.
British music may have had many great times, however the 90s are often overlooked. Although I was not alive to enjoy the music properly, the 90s had a huge impact on British culture that can be felt today and I feel that the decade should get the recognition it deserves!
4. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. The Cold War came to an end in the 80s.
B. Britain’s economy began to pick up in the 90s.
C. The Beatles represented the best British music.
D. Adele is better than Ed Sheeran in modern music.
5. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Britpop. B. Britishness.
C. The Big Four. D. Battle of Britpop.
6. What’s the most important influence of “the Spice Girls” according to the text?
A. Promoting “Britishness”. B. Empowering girls and women.
C. Creating catchy melodies. D. Finding fame for female groups.
7. The writer thinks the impact of the 90s music on British culture is ________.
A. underestimated B. well-recognized
C. fairly evaluated D. reasonably doubted
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国90年代的音乐。作者认为英国90年代音乐被忽视了，90年代音乐对英国文化产生了巨大的影响，应该得到它应得的认可。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段的The 90s were an optimistic time for Britain and indeed Europe, with the economy recovering from the lows of the 80s and the Cold War ending.（对于英国乃至欧洲来说，随着经济从80年代的低谷复苏和冷战结束，90年代是一个乐观的时期。）可知，英国经济在90年代开始复苏。故选B。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段首句One of the defining features of 90s music was the birth of “Britpop”.和下文内容可知，本段主要介绍了90年代音乐的特征英式摇滚的诞生，并介绍了这种流行音乐的盛行，这种音乐旨在促进“英国化”，通常有电吉他、鼓和男歌手。故选A。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第三段的However, the 90s weren’t only for the boys, with major female groups also finding fame, the most well-known of which were “the Spice Girls” who were extremely popular in Britain and around the world. Once again they promoted “Britishness” and had catchy melodies and lyrics, but they also started the “Girl Power” movement which helped empower girls and women worldwide. （然而，90年代不仅仅是男孩的，主要的女性群体也找到了荣誉，其中最著名的是“辣妹组合”，他们在英国和世界各地都非常受欢迎。他们再次推断了“英国化”，有着令人着迷的旋律和歌词，他们也发起了“女孩力量”运动，有助于世界各地的女孩和妇女拥有权力。 ）可推断，“辣妹组合”最重要的影响是增强女孩和妇女的力量。故选B。
7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段的British music may have had many great times, however the 90s are often overlooked. 以及下文可知，作者认为英国90年代音乐被忽视了，90年代音乐对英国文化产生了巨大的影响，作者觉得这十年应该得到它应得的认可！ 故选A。
Passage 8
Recently, researchers at the University of Toronto figured out a way with a quick video selfie to accurately measure blood pressure with your smartphone’s camera by developing a technology known as transdermal optical imaging (TOI)(透皮光学成像).
Cameras on smartphones can catch red light reflected from hemoglobin (血红素）under our skin, which permits TOI to visualize and measure blood flow changes. Researchers measured the blood pressure of 1,328 Canadian and Chinese adults by getting two-minute videos of their faces on an iPhone. “From the video got by the technology, you can see how the blood flows in different parts of the face and through this flow, you can get a lot of information,” said Kang Lee, lead author of the study.
Lee also helped create an app called Anura, which allows people to try out the TOI software for themselves, giving them the ability to record a 30-second video of their face and receive measurements for stress levels and resting heart rate. Lee said more research was needed to make sure that the measurements were as accurate as possible, explaining that the study didn’t test people with very dark or very fair skin.
“In order to improve our app to make it usable, particularly for people with hypertension (高血压)，we need to collect a lot of data from them, which is very hard because a lot of them are already taking medicine,” Lee explained. “We cannot tell them not to take medicine, but from time to time, we get participants who don’t take medicine so we can get hypertensive people this way.”
The scientists said there were many potential applications of the technology, including providing health services for those who lived in remote areas.
12. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2？
A. Information offered by TOI. B. New findings on hypertension.
C. How TOI is put into smart phones. D. How the TOI technology works.
13. What might people benefit from the new technology mentioned above?
A. Living a life free from stress. B. Improving the heart function gradually.
C. Accessing health services for free. D. Knowing abnormal blood pressure earlier.
14. What can be done for a better Anura?
A. Equipping phones with better cameras.
B. Allowing phones to record longer videos.
C. Collecting data from more diverse samples.
D. Persuading participants not to take medicine.
15. Why does the author write this text?
A. To predict future applications of TOI.
B. To introduce TOI and an app related.
C. To describe functions of cameras on phones.
D. To evaluate the quality of an app called Anura.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新科技。多伦多大学的研究人员想出了一种快速视频自拍的方法，通过开发一种称为透皮光学成像的技术，用智能手机的相机准确地测量血压。文章还介绍了与之相关的手机应用软件。
12. D主旨大意题。根据第二段首句Cameras on smartphones can catch red light reflected from hemoglobin (血红素）under our skin, which permits TOI to visualize and measure blood flow changes. 可知，智能手机上的相机可以捕捉从我们皮肤下的血红蛋白反射的红光，这允许透皮光学成像可视化和测量血流变化。因此推断本段主要讲述TOI科技如何起作用的。故选D。
13.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的From the video got by the technology, you can see how the blood flows in different parts of the face and through this flow, you can get a lot of information（从技术获得的视频中，你可以看到血液是如何在面部的不同部位流动的，通过这种流动，你可以得到很多信息）和第三段的giving them the ability to record a 30-second video of their face and receive measurements for stress levels and resting heart rate.（让他们能够记录30秒的面部视频，并收到压力水平和静息心率的测量。）可推断，这项新技术可以让人们较早知道不正常的血压。故选D。
14.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的Lee said more research was needed to make sure that the measurements were as accurate as possible, explaining that the study didn’t test people with very dark or very fair skin.（李说，需要更多的研究来确保测量尽可能准确，解释说这项研究没有测试皮肤非常暗或非常白皙的人。）可知，需要收集更多不同的样本才能改进Anura。故选C。
15.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种新科技 TOI ，研究人员想出了一种快速视频自拍的方法，通过开发一种称为透皮光学成像的技术，用智能手机的相机准确地测量血压。接下来介绍了应用这项科技研发出的手机应用。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍TOI和相关应用程序。故选B。
No-friend eating trend
Passage 9
I am in my 40s,but today I look more like a teenage girl. Not because I'm wearing the latest fashion or having a wild hair day. It's because I have a pimple(青春痘) that looks like a volcano getting ready to erupt on my chin.
“Mom, what is that?” my 8-year-old daughter Lucy exclaimed, pointing at the ugly bump on my face.
My in-laws were visiting and brought me a box of chocolates-one of my favorite foods. Eating properly seemed like a good idea until I was alone with that box of chocolates! I enjoyed them greatly, and my pimple proved my enthusiasm clearly.
Food can be a large block for me. Broccoli(西蓝花)seldom appeals to me, but baked goods with sugar or crispy chips certainly do. I have no problem dipping a large spoon into a jar of peanut butter or frosting to satisfy my desires. But you won't catch me tasting a spoonful of cottage cheese for a late-night snack.
Please don't misunderstand me. There is certainly a place for celebration foods such as cake and ice cream. But a regular serving of daily junk food robs me of the nutrition offered in the foods I eat.
I know I feel better after eating an apple than I do after eating a candy bar. It's so easy in our society to eat processed food out of boxes, bags, and at the drive-thru. But that ease comes at a cost: We suffer physically. Our taste buds may be very, lack nutrition, which opens the door to diseases, I'm trying to ask myself a few questions before reaching for a snack or making a meal: Is this really food?
Is there something God made in it? Am I really hungry? Will I feel satisfied, but our bodies better after eating this?
4. What made the author feel she looked like a teenage girl?
A. Her wild hair. B. Her ugly face.
C. Her facial features. D. Her fashionable clothes.
5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. The author eats chocolates as food.
B. Chocolates may cause her pimples.
C. The author's parents-in-law often visit her.
D. The author eats chocolates to cure pimples.
6. What do you think of the author's eating habit?
A. It lacks protein. B. It isn't delicious.
C. It makes her healthy. D. It isn't a balanced diet.
7. What is the author's attitude towards processed food?
A. Favorable. B. Optimistic.
C. Positive. D. Critical.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文由巧克力导致的痘痘展开，主要讲述了作者的饮食习惯。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中It's because I have a pimple(青春痘) that looks like a volcano getting ready to erupt on my chin.可知那是因为我的下巴上长了个青春痘，看起来就像一座即将喷发的火山。由此可知，作者的下巴上长了青春痘，这种面部特征使她看上去像十几岁的小姑娘。故选C。
5.B 推理判断题。根据每三段中I enjoyed them greatly, and my pimple proved my enthusiasm clearly.可知我非常喜欢它们，我的痘痘清楚地证明了我的热情。由此可推知，巧克力会引起青春痘。故选B。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中But a regular serving of daily junk food robs me of the nutrition offered in the foods I eat.可知但是每天定期吃垃圾食品会使我失去我所吃的食物所提供的营养。由此可知，作者吃的垃圾食品没有营养, 其饮食习惯不是一个均衡的饮食。故选D。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第六段中But that ease comes at a cost: We suffer physically. Our taste buds may be very, lack nutrition, which opens the door to diseases.可知但这种放松是有代价的：我们身体上承受着痛苦。我们的味蕾可能非常缺乏营养，这为疾病打开了大门。由此可推知，作者对加工过的食品持批评态度。故选D。
Passage 10
Generations of people in the United States have seen higher education as the best path towards a well-paying and satisfying job. But the cost of attending colleges and universities in the country has increased greatly over the last 30 years. And there is no guarantee that earning a degree will lead to a job that pays a person enough to support a family.
So, some people turn to other forms of education and training. These include programs that lead to credentials(证书) that prove a person's abilities in a given field, from construction to healthcare. These kinds of programs often cost less than traditional degree programs. And they usually take less time to complete.
New research, however, suggests that these programs are not helping women as much as they are helping men. It is found that about 27 percent of adults in the country hold at least one of these credentials. Adults who had one of these non-degree credentials made more money and were more likely to be employed than those who did not.
Yet the public policy research group New America found some troubling information within that data. Experts there found that men and women earn these credentials at about the same rate. But men who have the same credentials as women are more likely to be employed. They also make more money.
For example, 74 percent of men with a certificate but no four-year college degree were employed. By comparison, 67 percent of women with a certificate but no four-year degree were employed.
In terms of pay, 46 percent of women with a credential but no four-year degree made less than $30,000 a year. The same was true for 25 percent of men. Seventeen percent of men with only a non-degree credential earned more than$75,000. Just five percent of women with similar credentials earned that much.
8. What is the advantage of nontraditional degree programs?
A. Free of charge. B. Less expensive.
C. Interesting to attend. D. Popular with employers.
9. What information upset New America in the study?
A. Women lost interest in non-degree programs. B. Men looked down upon women.
C. Men and women are not equal. D. Women are unwilling to work.
10. How many women with non-degree credentials earned more than$75, 000?
A. 46%, B. 25%.
C. 17%. D. 5%.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Non-degree Programs Benefit Men and Women Unequally
B. Non-Degree Programs Replace the Traditional Universities
C. It's Unfair That Men and Women Get Paid Differently
D. College Costs Are Becoming Higher and Higher
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章通过传统的教育模式要花费很多钱，引出有些人转向其他形式的教育和培训，然后在这种非传统的模式下对男女收入、找工作待遇的不公平现象展开说明。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中These kinds of programs often cost less than traditional degree programs.可知这类课程的费用通常比传统的学位课程要便宜。由此可知，非传统学位项目的优势是更便宜。故选B。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中But men who have the same credentials as women are more likely to be employed. They also make more money.可知但是拥有相同学历的男性更有可能被雇佣。他们也赚更多的钱。由此可知，调查发现了一些令人不安的信息：男女不平等。故选C。
10.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Seventeen percent of men with only a non-degree credential earned more than$75, 000. Just five percent of women with similar credentials earned that much.可知17%没有学位证书的男性收入超过75000美元。只有5%有类似资历的女性收入达到这个水平。由此可知，持这类证书的女性中只有5%年薪超过75000美元。故选D。
11.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段的第一句New research, however, suggests that these programs are not helping women as much as they are helping men.可知然而，新的研究表明，这些项目对女性的帮助并不像对男性那么大。结合文章讨论的是一项新的研究结论：非学位课程对男女学生的益处是不平等的。这类课程对女性的帮助不及对男性的帮助。故A选项“非学位课程对男性和女性的益处是不平等的”符合文章标题。故选A。
Passage 11
The kakapo, a bird that lives in New Zealand, is not designed for survival. Weighing up to 4 kilograms, it is the world's fattest parrot. It mates (交配) only when the rimu tree is in fruit, which happens every few years. It developed gradually in the absence of land-based natural enemies, so instead of flying above the trees it walks like a duck across the dry forest floor. When it moves unsteadily across something that might kill it, it will stand still.
Such unusual characteristics turned it into fast food for human settlers, and for the cats and rats they brought with them. It seemed to have disappeared by the 1970s, until scientists came across two undiscovered populations in the country's south. These survivors were eventually moved to small enemy-free islands, where researchers have spent decades trying to get them to breed (繁殖).
The scientists' patience is finally rewarded. The rimu was in fruit this year, and more than 80 chicks hatched, making this the best breeding season on record. Many have survived into adolescence, increasing the number of adult kakapos by a third, to 200 birds.
Another danger to the kakapo is a lack of genetic diversity. This is one reason why fewer than half of kakapo eggs hatch. By arranging the genome (基因组) of every living bird, scientists can identify closely-related individuals and put them on different islands. Every bird is fitted with something to track its slightest movement. If a female mates with an "unsuitable” male, the process can be stopped.
All these efforts cost almost New Zealand $1.3 million this breeding season. Yet the kakapo's future still looks unsafe. Earlier this year a severe disease tore through the population. And tiny as the number of kakapos is, space is running out on the two islands where most of them live. New enemy-free settlement must soon be found.
8. Which of the following is a danger for the survival of the kakapo?
A. It is the smallest bird in the world. B. It lacks exercise and usually stands still.
C. It adapts slowly in genetic development. D. It can't respond actively when facing danger.
9. In what way may the scientists' patience be rewarded?
A. They hatched 80 kakapos' eggs this year.
B. They tried to make the rimu tree in fruit this year.
C. Two survivors were moved to enemy-free islands.
D. 50 chicks hatched have survived into adults this year.
10. Why did the scientists put kakapo in different islands?
A. To stop closely-related kakapos mating. B. To increase the population of kakapo.
C. To stop females mating with males. D. To hatch more kakapos' eggs.
11. According to the author, the efforts to protect the kakapo in New Zealand are _______.
A. successful B. unsafe
C. doubtful D. inadequate
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们为了保护新西兰的一种濒临灭绝的鸟类鸮鹦鹉所作出的一些努力。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句When it moves unsteadily across something that might kill it, it will stand still.可知，当它摇摇晃晃地穿过可能会杀死它的东西时，它会静止不动。由此可推知，当鸮鹦鹉面对危险时，它不能做出积极的反应，这对鸮鹦鹉的生存来说是一种威胁。故选D。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中The scientists' patience is finally rewarded. The rimu was in fruit this year, and more than 80 chicks hatched, making this the best breeding season on record.可知，科学家的耐心终于得到了回报。今年的柚木结果了，80多只雏鸟破壳而出，这是有记录以来最好的繁殖季节。由此可知，科学家们的耐心得到了回报，今年有80多只雏鸟破壳而出。故选A。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中Another danger to the kakapo is a lack of genetic diversity. This is one reason why fewer than half of kakapo eggs hatch. By arranging the genome of every living bird, scientists can identify closely-related individuals and put them on different islands.可知，鸮鹦鹉面临的另一个危险是缺乏遗传多样性。这就是为什么只有不到一半的鸮鹦鹉蛋孵化的原因之一。通过整理每只活鸟的基因组，科学家可以识别出亲缘关系很近的个体，并把它们放在不同的岛屿上。由此可知，科学家们把鸮鹦鹉放在不同的岛屿上，是为了阻止近亲鸮鹦鹉交配。故选A。
11.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Yet the kakapo's future still looks unsafe. Earlier this year a severe disease tore through the population. And tiny as the number of kakapos is, space is running out on the two islands where most of them live.可知，然而，鸮鹦鹉的未来看起来仍然不安全。今年早些时候，一种严重的疾病在鸟群中肆虐。尽管鸮鹦鹉的数量很少，但它们生活的这两个岛屿上的空间已经所剩无几。由此可推知，作者认为保护新西兰鸮鹦鹉的努力是不够的。故选D。
Passage 12
“ New and improved. ” These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren't an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, "New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better?, analysed the issue, The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017 ； 152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
"This doesn’t mean there's no added benefit," lead author Wieseler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. ” Wieseler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country's health care system should pay a premium ( 占)for them. Such organizations , known as health technology assessment ( HTA) agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunis，a researcher in Baltimore: “ If payers think a new drug isn't better than an existing drug，these agencies will require .that hospitals try the cheaper drug first. ”
Germany's HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn't always practical For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wieseler's paper- With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
12. What message does the recent report convey?
A. Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
B. The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
C. Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
D. Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
13. What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A. Remove government premium on them.
B. Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
C. Arrange financial support for the patients.
D. Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
14. What's the disadvantage of Germany's HTA trial demands?
A. Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
B. Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
C. Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
D. Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B. Misunderstanding of New and Old Drugs
C. A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
D. Peopled Preference for New or Old Drugs
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文文。文章主要讲述了英国一项研究表明，与传统药物相比，市面上不断推出的新药大部分并不具有新的疗效。作者分析其中原因并指出，因为相关机构的要求，加上新药耗时费钱，因此药品公司干脆转向研究罕见病的药品，而不是对已有的药品进行改良。
12.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“he authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017 ； 152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.”可知，英国《医学期刊》的一篇报道对2011到2017年上市的药品的研究发现，其中58%的新药与已有的药物相比，没有任何得到证实的新增加的药效。故最近的报告传达了许多新药没有改进的优势的信息。结合选项，故选A。
13.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Such organizations , known as health technology assessment ( HTA) agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunis，a researcher in Baltimore: “ If payers think a new drug isn't better than an existing drug，these agencies will require .that hospitals try the cheaper drug first. ”可知，美国的卫生技术评估机构的功能与德国不同，如果付费方（病人）认为某种新药不比已有的药品更好，那么“他们（评估机构）就会要求医院先试用便宜一些的药品"，故选B。
14.D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Germany's HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn't always practical For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases”（德国的HTA需要试验来证明新的治疗方法优于现有标准。这并不总是可行的一件事，这样的研究可能是昂贵和耗时的，没有成功的保证。其次，它可以阻止公司尝试开发新的替代品。这已经发生了。药物开发人员越来越关注那些没有好的治疗方法可与之竞争的领域，例如罕见的疾病）可知，德国卫生技术评估机构要求有药物试验来证实改良后的新药比原先的药品更好，这需要大量的金钱和时间。由此可以推断出，德国HTA的试验的缺点是不利于公司对已有药品进行提升。结合选项，故选D。
15.C标题判断题。全文讲述药品研发的窘境：传统药物的更新未必有新的疗效，即使有新疗效，相关机构的要求使这个更新过程漫长而且费用高，于是很多药企干脆转向研究罕见病的新药，这就使已有药品的更新面临窘境。故C项A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives“新药物的两难选择”作为标题，符合题意。故选C。
Passage 13
The combination of day and night extreme heat will only get more frequent -and hotter-in the future.
There’s nothing like the cool relief of nightfall after a sweltering summer day. As the world warms, this natural balance may be shifting. New research suggests that a new trend is on the rise-extreme heat during the day followed by extreme heat overnight.
A study published this week in Nature Communications finds that these day/night extremes have become both hotter and more frequent since 1960. Across the Northern Hemisphere, they ’ve intensified(增强) by about 2 ½ degrees Fahrenheit, and they’re occurring about five days more frequently per year.
Continued warming will make it even worse, the research suggests. In a scenario involving around 3 degrees Celsius throughout the rest of the century (or about 5.5 F), these compound extremes will happen about four times more frequently than they do today(about eight days each summer).
That’s approximately the amount of warming the world is on track for today, experts say, if greenhouse gas emissions don’t start falling at a faster pace.
In the future, “a hot day accompanied by a hot night without relief for humans might be a ‘new norm,’ ” said study co-author Yang Chen of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in an email to E&E News. “These rapid increases are largely overlooked in previous studies. ”
Day and night extremes are more than just a matter of comfort, the authors say. They ’re also a potential threat to human health and natural landscapes.
The study didn’t directly examine human health impacts. But other research has suggested that prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures can worsen the odds of heat stroke or other heat-related illnesses, and can affect plant growth. Without the reprieve of a cool evening, living things may have less opportunity to recover from the effects of the daytime heat, the authors suggest.
“Current knowledge about combined daytime-nighttime hot extremes remains too sparse to inform development of type-specific adaptation and relief strategies,” the study says. “Overlooking this compounding effect may lead to serious underestimate of heat-induced consequences.”
12. Which statement of day and night extremes is true according to the study?
A. They’ve intensified by about 2 ½ ℉ and occur 5 days more frequently per year globally.
B. Their rapid increases have been paid much attention to by many researchers in their studies.
C. They won’t occur only if greenhouse gas emissions start falling during the daytime
D. Possibly they will happen about 32 days per summer through the rest of the century.
13. What does the underlined word “reprieve” mean?
A. shift B. relief
C. threat D. adaptation
14. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Adequate researches have been done into day and night extremes.
B. Humans can adapt to and relieve day and night hot extremes easily.
C. Ignoring the issue on the hot extremes may contribute to severe consequences.
D. Underestimating the compounding effect of hot extremes will cause threats to man.
15. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The dangers of hot days and nights are on the rise.
B. Continued warming will make the earth even worse.
C. With the world warming, the natural balance may be shifting.
D. Greenhouse gas emissions are increasing at a faster pace.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。研究表明，持续变暖会使情况变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。
12.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中these compound extremes will happen about four times more frequently than they do today(about eight days each summer).可知这些复合极端天气发生的频率是现在的四倍（每年夏天大约8天）。由此可知，D选项“在本世纪余下的时间里，每年夏天大约有32天会发生这种情况”正确。故选D。
13.B 词义猜测题。根据后文living things may have less opportunity to recover from the effects of the daytime heat可知如果没有凉爽的夜晚作为缓解，生物从白天高温中恢复的机会就会减少。由此可知，划线单词意思为“缓解”。故选B。
14.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Overlooking this compounding effect may lead to serious underestimate of heat-induced consequences.可知忽视这种复合效应可能导致严重低估热诱导的后果。由此可推知，忽视极端天气的问题可能会导致严重的后果。故选C。
15.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段中New research suggests that a new trend is on the rise-extreme heat during the day followed by extreme heat overnight.可知一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。结合文章还说明了研究表明，持续变暖会使情况变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。由此可知这篇文章主要讲了炎热的白天和夜晚的危险正在增加。故选A。
Passage 14
An estimated 70 percent of cats and 60 percent of dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds, It's not always easy to tell if your pet could afford to lose a few, but there are some other signs that can tip you off, One important factor: the waist. ''Most people don't know what a normal cat should look like,'' says Romine. ''But cats should have waists, too, '' The vet says you should be able to feel your pet's ribs (肋骨) through its coat, and when you look down at them, they should have an hourglass (沙漏) shape- just like a person.
''For some overweight pets, you may want to switch to a new food entirely; foods with 'light' or 'healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller,'' Romine notes. ''Another option is to feed them less of the food they currently eat, '' Freeman suggests. ''Make sure you're reducing table scraps (残羹剩饭) and high-calorie treats like pet biscuits, '' she says.
It's important to figure out what your pet's ideal weight is as you're helping them to lose.Romine advises working with your vet to get the right number, and if you're following the portion guidelines often printed on food labels, feed them the amount of food associated with the weight you want them to be, rather than the weight they currently are .
Food isn't the only factor that can impact your pet's weight. Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy. For cats, just 10 minutes of indoor play each day can make a difference. For dogs, letting them out in the backyard to do their business is not enough, You'll have to exercise with your dog to really get it moving.
12. What can we learn about most cats in America from the text?
A. They need to lose weight. B. They need to be fed more food.
C. They need to pack on pounds. D. They need to be more energetic.
13. Which food can help overweight pets?
A. The food with an decreased fiber. B. The food from table scraps.
C. The food with ''light'' labels. D. The food with a new label.
14. What is an important factor to keep pets healthy?
A. A partner. B. Protein.
C. Pet biscuits. D. Exercise.
15. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A travel brochure.
C. A pet magazine. D. A recipe book.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。在美国，大多数的宠物都超重。文章主要讲述了如何让你的宠物减肥。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的An estimated 70 percent of cats and 60 percent of dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds,(据估计，美国大约70%的猫和60%的狗都超重或肥胖，因此你的宠物可能需要减肥而不是长胖)可知，美国大多数的猫都需要减肥。A. They need to lose weight.(它们需要减肥)符合以上说法，故选A项。
13.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的foods with 'light' or 'healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller可知，标有“清淡”或者“健康体重”的标签的食物通常含有更多的纤维，可以帮助狗或猫感觉更饱。即这样的食物可以帮助狗或猫减肥。C. The food with ''light'' labels.(带有“清淡”标签的食物)符合以上说法，故选C项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy.(Romine强调锻炼保持猫狗健康的重要性)可知，锻炼对猫狗的健康很重要。D. Exercise.(锻炼)符合以上说法，故选D项。
15.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的An estimated 70 percent of cats and 60 percent of dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds(据估计，美国大约70%的猫和60%的狗都超重或肥胖，因此你的宠物可能需要减肥而不是长胖),第二段的foods with ‘light’ or ‘healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller(标有“清淡”或者“健康体重”的标签的食物通常含有更多的纤维，可以帮助狗或猫感觉更饱)和最后一段的Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy.(Romine强调锻炼保持猫狗健康的重要性)可知，本文主要讲述了在美国大多数猫或狗超重，以及让它们减肥的方法。由此推测本文很有可能出现在动物杂志上。C. A pet magazine.(动物杂志)符合以上推测，故选C项。
Passage 15
An estimated 70 percent of cats and 60 percent of dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds, It's not always easy to tell if your pet could afford to lose a few, but there are some other signs that can tip you off, One important factor: the waist. ''Most people don't know what a normal cat should look like,'' says Romine. ''But cats should have waists, too, '' The vet says you should be able to feel your pet's ribs (肋骨) through its coat, and when you look down at them, they should have an hourglass (沙漏) shape- just like a person.
''For some overweight pets, you may want to switch to a new food entirely; foods with 'light' or 'healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller,'' Romine notes. ''Another option is to feed them less of the food they currently eat, '' Freeman suggests. ''Make sure you're reducing table scraps (残羹剩饭) and high-calorie treats like pet biscuits, '' she says.
It's important to figure out what your pet's ideal weight is as you're helping them to lose.Romine advises working with your vet to get the right number, and if you're following the portion guidelines often printed on food labels, feed them the amount of food associated with the weight you want them to be, rather than the weight they currently are .
Food isn't the only factor that can impact your pet's weight. Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy. For cats, just 10 minutes of indoor play each day can make a difference. For dogs, letting them out in the backyard to do their business is not enough, You'll have to exercise with your dog to really get it moving.
12. What can we learn about most cats in America from the text?
A. They need to lose weight. B. They need to be fed more food.
C. They need to pack on pounds. D. They need to be more energetic.
13. Which food can help overweight pets?
A. The food with an decreased fiber. B. The food from table scraps.
C. The food with ''light'' labels. D. The food with a new label.
14. What is an important factor to keep pets healthy?
A. A partner. B. Protein.
C. Pet biscuits. D. Exercise.
15. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A travel brochure.
C. A pet magazine. D. A recipe book.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。在美国，大多数的宠物都超重。文章主要讲述了如何让你的宠物减肥。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的An estimated 70 percent of cats and 60 percent of dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds,(据估计，美国大约70%的猫和60%的狗都超重或肥胖，因此你的宠物可能需要减肥而不是长胖)可知，美国大多数的猫都需要减肥。A. They need to lose weight.(它们需要减肥)符合以上说法，故选A项。
13.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的foods with 'light' or 'healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller可知，标有“清淡”或者“健康体重”的标签的食物通常含有更多的纤维，可以帮助狗或猫感觉更饱。即这样的食物可以帮助狗或猫减肥。C. The food with ''light'' labels.(带有“清淡”标签的食物)符合以上说法，故选C项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy.(Romine强调锻炼保持猫狗健康的重要性)可知，锻炼对猫狗的健康很重要。D. Exercise.(锻炼)符合以上说法，故选D项。
15.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的An estimated 70 percent of cats and 60 percent of dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds(据估计，美国大约70%的猫和60%的狗都超重或肥胖，因此你的宠物可能需要减肥而不是长胖),第二段的foods with ‘light’ or ‘healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller(标有“清淡”或者“健康体重”的标签的食物通常含有更多的纤维，可以帮助狗或猫感觉更饱)和最后一段的Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy.(Romine强调锻炼保持猫狗健康的重要性)可知，本文主要讲述了在美国大多数猫或狗超重，以及让它们减肥的方法。由此推测本文很有可能出现在动物杂志上。C. A pet magazine.(动物杂志)符合以上推测，故选C项。