高考英语一轮复习知识点教案：直接引语和间接引语

这是一份高考英语一轮复习知识点教案：直接引语和间接引语，共5页。
直接引语: 直接引用别人的原话称为直接引语，被引用的原话需要加引号，如： He said, “I am a student.”
间接引语: 用自己的话来转述别人说话的内容称为间接引语，间接引语不用引号，如：He said that he was a student.
不同句子类型的直接引语如何转变成间接引语
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）如：
He said,“I like art very much.”
He said (that) he liked art very much.
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用句号。主句中的谓语动词是said时，需改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me、him或us等）如：
He said ,“Are yu interested in English?”
He asked (me) whether/if I was interested in English.
如果是表示请求的一般疑问句，可以不用复合句结构，而改用ask sb.t d sth.的复合结构，这时常把said改为asked,原句中的动词变为t + V-原。如：
“Wuld yu please pen the windw？”
He asked me t pen the windw.
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用句号，如：
“What can I d fr yu?”
He asked (me) what he culd d fr me.
直接引语如果是祈使句：
4.1 表示请求的祈使句、一般疑问句转换成间接引语时，可不用复合句结构，而改用ask sb. t d sth.的复合结构。这时，常把said改为asked,原句中的动词改为t + V-原，如：
“Jack，please help me with my hmewrk.”Mary said.
Mary asked Jack t help her with her hmewrk.
“Wuld yu please pen the windw?”She said.
She asked me t pen the windw.
4.2 表示命令的祈使句转变成间接引语时通常改用tld/rdered sb. (nt) t d sth.的复合结构。这时，原句中的谓语动词said、asked常改为tld或rdered,如：
“Dn’t smke in the rm.”he said t me.
He tld me nt t smke in the rm.
人称的变化遵循“一主二宾三不变”的原则，如：
He said,“I have left yur bk in his rm.”
He tld me that he had left my bk in his bedrm.
如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语改为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化：
一般现在时要改为一般过去时
He said,“I am afraid I can’t finish the wrk.”
He said that he was afraid he culdn’t finish the wrk.
现在进行时要改为过去进行时
He said,“I am using the knife.”
He said he was using the knife.
一般将来时要改为过去将来时
She said,“I will d it after class.”
She said that she wuld d it after class.
一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时要改为过去完成时
He said,“I came t help yu.”
He said that he had cme t help me.
She said,“I have nt heard frm him since May.”
She said that she hadn’t heard frm him since May.
He said,“I had finished my hmewrk befre supper.”
He said that he had finished his hmewrk befre supper.
从句时态不用改变的几种情况：
直接引语是客观真理、名人名言或谚语时，如：
He said,“Light travels much faster than sund.”
He said that light travels much faster than sund.
“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”Mther said t me .
Mther tld me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
直接引语的谓语动词是一般现在时，如：
He says,“I am a student.”
He says he is a student.
直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，如：
He said,“I jined the army in 1934.”
He said that he jined the army in 1934.
直接引语有以since或when引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时，如：
He said,“I have learnt 2000 English wrds since I was 13 years ld.”
He said he had learnt 2000 English wrds since he was 13 years ld.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
this变为that:
She said,“I’ll finish the wrk this mrning.”
She said she wuld finish the wrk that mrning.
these变为thse:
He said,“These bks are mine.”
He said that thse bks were his.
nw变为then:
He said,“It’s nine ’clck nw.”
He said that it was nine ’clck then.
tday变为that day tnight变为that night:
He said,“I haven’t seen her tday.”
He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
yesterday变为the day befre:
He said,“I went there yesterday.”
He said that he had gne there the day befre.
last night变为the night befre
last week变为the week befre
last mnth变为the mnth befre
last year变为the year befre:
He said,“I saw him last night.”
He said that he had seen him the night befre.
tmrrw变为the next/fllwing day
next week/mnth/year变为the next/flllwing week/mnth/year:
He said,“I’ll g there tmrrw.”
He said that he wuld g there the next/fllwing day.
ag变为befre:
She said,“He left 30 minutes ag.”
She tld me that he had left 30 minutes befre.
here变为there:
He said,“My sister was here ne week ag.”
He said that his sister had been there ne week befre.
cme变为g bring变为take:
She said,“I’ll cme here this evening.”
She said that she wuld g there that evening.
如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there,动词cme不必改为g 、bring不必改为take,如果在当天转述yesterday、tmrrw等时间状语也不必改变。