02 名词 备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

专题02名词易错题

    备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

【易错题01】词形转换派生词记忆不清;

1. 【江苏省扬州中学2022年高三5月】And outstanding or gifted players will also have the chance to join inter-school teams for regional__________ (compete) and even national summer camps.

【答案】 competitions

【错误分析】 本题会误以为competition, competitor甚至直接拼写错误，根本原因是该词派生词较长，如果记不清楚，极易出错。

【解题思路】 考查名词复数。句意：优秀或有天赋的球员也将有机会参加校队进入地区比赛，甚至是国家夏令营。and是并列连词，并列的成分词性和词形需一致。故设空处应与复数名词camps的词形词性一致，填复数名词competitions。故填competitions。

2. 【2022年浙江 1月真题】When the answer was no, she declined the ___________ （invite）.

【答案】 invitation

【错误分析】 派生词后缀tion和ation容易混淆，需牢记。

【解题思路】 考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处定冠词the后面需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。

3. 【2022 全国高考乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.

【答案】 responsibility

【解题思路】 考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。

【易错题02】上下文未理解，误判设空处需要的词性

1. 【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___42___ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and  eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

【答案】 population

【错误分析】 设空处前面separate有两种词性，可以做动词。需要理解上下文知道此处做形容词。

【解题思路】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。

2. （2022年8月18号贵州省遵义市高三上学期入学质量检测）The __________(exhibit) displayed there hail (向……致敬) the ecological diversity of the area and also presents to the audience successful reformative accomplishments since1997.

【答案】 exhibits

【错误分析】本题容易误填exhibitions。未翻译好上下文，以及不能掌握exhibit的熟词生义名词用法。

【解题思路】考查名词。句意“那里所展示的展品致敬了该地区的经济多样性同时也向观众呈现了自从1997年以来成功的成就”。exhibit做动词，“展览，展出”；做名词“展品”。exhibition做名词“展览”。

3. 【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】“He saved my ___44___ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.

【答案】 son’s

【错误分析】 设空处前面为形容词性物主代词，容易粗心误填sons，需观察空格前后词性及句意。

【解题思路】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。

【拓展规律】

所修饰的名词为“诊所、住宅或其他处所”时，被修饰的名词常省略。如：at the doctor’s(clinic)在诊所；to my uncle’s (house)到我叔叔家；in the manager’s(office)在经理办公室；at the barber’s/tailor’s(shop)在理发店/裁缝铺。

另外，表示并列的名词“共有某物”时，只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”；如果表示“各自所有”，则在每个名词后加’s。如：

Lucy and Mary’s desk露西和玛丽共用的课桌；Lucy’s and Mary’s desks露西和玛丽各自的课桌。

【易错题03】名词单复数形式变化规律运用模糊

1. 【2023粤湘鄂名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考】In recent years, by making use of its cultural advantages, Jingdezhen has organized important__________(activity) on ceramic arts.

【答案】 activities

【错误分析】 本题容易误写为activityes, 属于名词单复数变化规律未掌握。

【解题思路】 考查名词。以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­es，例如：study→studies。

【拓展规律】 (1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­es

desk→desks；dish→dishes   stomach的复数形式是stomachs

(2) 以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­es； study→studies

(3) 以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­ves；leaf→leaves 口诀：小偷妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀。

       thief, wife, loaf, half, leaf, knife

2. 【 浙江卷 语法填空 】 Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese   56  (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.

【答案】dishes

【错误分析】直接在名称后面加s, 变化规律未记牢。

【解题思路】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­es故填dishes。

1. 【2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】 The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______(human) are.

【答案】humans

【解析】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。

2. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their_________（marry）ceremony in 1842.

【答案】marriage

【解析】考察名词。根据句意可知，此处要用名词marriage作ceremony的定语，表示“结婚仪式，结婚典礼”。故填marriage。

3. In 1984, the government issued new policies to encourage individuals to plant trees in contracted sand lands. Despite the _________ (oppose) of his family, Shi resigned from his leadership position at a state-owned farm and began his fight against desertification.

【答案】opposition

【解析】考查名词。句意：尽管遭到家人的反对，石还是辞去了一家国有农场的领导职务，开始了防治荒漠化的斗争。分析句子可知，“Despite”为介词，后接名词作宾语，“oppose”为动词，对应的名词为“opposition”，意为“反对”，为不可数名词。故填opposition。

4. Just 35 percent have _________ (confident) in governments creating policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

【答案】confidence

【解析】考查名词。句意：只有35%的人有信心，相信政府能制定出政策来减少温室气体的排放。此处have为谓语动词，后用名词作宾语，且confidence为不可数名词，故填confidence。

5. While automatic driving has been on tractors for several_________ (year ), Deere’s autonomous tractor can operate without. a driver in the cab.

【答案】years

【解析】考查名词复数。句意：虽然拖拉机上的自动驾驶技术已经存在好几年了，但迪尔公司的自动驾驶拖拉机可以在没有司机的情况下运行。空前面 several一些，后跟可数名词复数，故此空需用复数形式。故填years。

6. The 2021 (22nd) Hainan Island Carnival kicked off in Haikou, capital city of Hainan province, on Dec 10, 2021.

The Ministry of Culture and Tourism will continue to support Hainan in deepening reform and opening up, support Hainan’s aim to become an international tourism consumption center, and provide _________ (assistant)  for the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.

【答案】assistance

【解析】考查名词。句意：文化和旅游部将继续支持海南深化改革开放，支持海南建设国际旅游消费中心，帮助海南自由贸易港建设。动词provide后用名词作宾语，句子意为“帮助海南自由贸易港建设”，空格处意为“帮助”，名词是assistance，是不可数名词，故填assistance。

7. Seven thematic tourism routes will be launched to attract more visitors to travel to Hainan, which will stimulate tourism and facilitate the construction of an international tourism _________ (consume) center.

【答案】consumption

【解析】考查名词。句意：推出7条主题旅游线路，吸引更多游客来海南旅游，带动旅游业发展，促进国际旅游消费中心建设。空格处用名词consumption作定语，修饰center，consumption center意为“消费中心”，故填consumption。

8. The game, which can be literally translated as “encirclement game”, was long considered to be an appropriate study for scholars as it taught people a________(vary)of strategies(策略).

【答案】variety

【解析】考查名词。句意：这个游戏字面上可以翻译为“围攻游戏”，长期以来，被认为是一个适合学者们的研究项目，因为它教给人们各种各样的策略。短语a variety of表示“各种各样的”。故填variety。

1. Recent __________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.

【答案】 studies

【解析】 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。

2. This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.

【答案】 introduction

【解析】 考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。

3. ________(rule)of weiqi are extraordinarily simple. There are 180 identical(完全一样的)white pieces and 181 identical black pieces fighting against each other on a board 19×19 lines.

【答案】 Rules

【解析】 考查名词。句意：围棋的规则非常简单。分析句子可知，设空处需填入名词作主语，由are可知，此处需用复数，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Rules。

4. “I had to wait for the staff to write down my information, which caused much more ________ (convenience) than scanning codes.”

【答案】 inconvenience

【解析】 考查名词。句意：“我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息，这比扫描代码造成了更多的不便。”此处表示“不便”，需用inconvenience作宾语。故填inconvenience。

5 “Therefore, daily ________ (supply) were sent to me by my children so I could avoid going out.”

【答案】 supplies

【解析】 考查名词。句意：“因此，我的孩子们给我送来了日常用品，这样我就可以避免外出。”supply为可数名词，结合谓语“were”可知，空处需填名词复数形式。故填supplies。

6.  Jupiter is also a planet full of ______ (puzzle).

【答案】 puzzles

【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：木星也是一个充满谜题的行星。puzzle为可数名词，根据空前的“full of”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填puzzles。

7. When the spacecraft finally retires, its Earth-bound pilots will send it on a path to dive to its ______ (dead) into the Jupiter's atmosphere.

【答案】 death

【解析】 考查名词。句意：当这艘宇宙飞船最终退役时，地球上的领航员将把它送上一条通往木星大气层的死亡之路。its为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故此处应用名词death，表抽象概念，不可数。故填death。

8. Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many ______ (city), including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks into works of art.

【答案】 cities

【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：随着其声名鹊起，许多城市都要求Rizea将其古老的树干改造成艺术品，其中包括罗马尼亚首都。city为可数名词，由many修饰应用复数形式故填cities。

9. In spite of his obvious talent, the Romanian ______ (art) recently got into art school in order to fully master woodcarving.

【答案】 artist

【解析】考查名词。句意：尽管天赋出众，这位罗马尼亚艺术家最近还是为了全面掌握木雕技艺而考上了艺术学校。空处作主语，表示“艺术家”应用名词artist，此处为特指Gabi Rizea这个艺术家应用单数。故填artist。

10. The sky is dotted with kites of different ______ (design), such as dancing butterflies, bounding dragons, and swimming fish.

【答案】 designs

【解析】考查名词的数。句意：天空点缀着各种不同设计的风筝，有飞舞的蝴蝶，跳跃的龙，还有游泳的鱼。“different（不同的）”修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填designs。

11. The traditional Chinese kite expresses ______ (harmonious) between human and nature, a long – held belief treasured by the Chinese people.

【答案】 harmony

【解析】考查名词。句意：传统的中国风筝表达的是人与自然的和谐，这是中国人长期保有的珍贵信仰。故填harmony。

12. After the party I was told by the fellow teacher that American women have a special saying about ______ (birth).

【答案】 birthdays

【解析】考查名词。句意：聚会结束后，同事老师告诉我，美国女性对于生日有一种特殊的说法。此处缺少名词作介词about的宾语，根据句意可知此处表示“生日”，birthday是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填birthdays。

13. A pedestrian lane runs more than 4,000 ______ (meter) through the tropical forest, ensuring close contact with nature.

【答案】 meters

【解析】 考查名词。句意：一条人行道穿过热带森林，长达4000多米，保证了与自然的亲密接触。根据设空前4000，可知应用名词复数。故填meters。

14. Researchers found that those with strong. close bonds with their friends at age fifteen were more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, ______ ( popular), defined as lots of people liking you generally but not closely, wasn't found to have the same benefit as close friends.

【答案】 popularity

【解析】考查名词。句意：重要的是，受欢迎——被定义为很多人喜欢你但不是很喜欢你——并没有被发现和亲密的朋友有同样的好处。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，此处应用所给形容词popular的名词形式作主语。故填popularity.

15. With all the evidence he gathered, John Snow was able to announce with ______ (certain) that polluted water carried the virus.

【答案】 certainty

【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，with为介词，后需用名词作宾语，故此处填certainty。

16. A video of Xiong Linghao, an 18-year-old blind girl playing Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata in an international youth piano ______ (compete) in Shanghai, went popular online.

【答案】 competition

【解析】考查名词。句意：近日，一段18岁盲女熊凌浩在上海国际青少年钢琴比赛上演奏贝多芬《悲歌》的视频在网上走红。冠词an后应用名词，所以应用名词competition（比赛）。故填competition。

17. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___________（cause）.

【答案】causes

【解析】考查名词的数。cause "原因"，为可数名词，前面有all，所以用复数。

18. This switch has decreased __________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

【答案】 pollution

【解析】 考查名词。作宾语，所以用名词，pollution，为不可数名词，无复数。

19. I'm a __________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

【答案】 scientist

【解析】 考查名词。后跟定语从句，关系词用who，所以先行词为人。

20. Making Chinese _________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.

【答案】 dishes

【解析】 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。

21. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _________(weigh) problems.

【答案】 weight

【解析】 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。

22. There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

【答案】 effects　

【解析】 考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。

23. In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.

【答案】 crowds

【解析】 考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。

24. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million ________ (copy) of his works have been sold worldwide.

【答案】 copies

【解析】 考查名词复数。由其定语100 million可知，此处名词为复数形式，故填copies。

25. McKinstry holds the ________ (believe) that the British are funny.

【答案】 belief

【解析】 考查名词。句意：McKinstry认为英国人很有趣。根据定冠词the可知此处要用名词，做holds 的宾语，且belief是不可数名词。故填belief。

26. On Weibo, the breaking news has been sent by at least tens of thousands of users and received countless_________(thumb-up).

【答案】 thumb-ups

【解析】 考查名词复数。句意：在微博上，这条新闻已经被至少成千上万的用户转发，并收到了无数的点赞。结合上文中countless（无数的）可知此处要用名词复数，故填thumb-ups。

27. It runs on________ (battery) and is programed to return to where it started from when its passenger gets off.

【答案】 batteries

【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：它靠电池供电，并按照程序在乘客下车后返回起点。横线前没有冠词修饰，且battery是可数名词。故填batteries。

28. According to the study, the accidents of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to ________ (curious).

【答案】 curiosity

【解析】 考查名词。句意：根据这项研究，儿童遇到异物的意外通常归因于好奇心。空处作宾语，表示“好奇心”应用名词curiosity，表抽象概念，不可数。故填curiosity。

29. This is why many toys contain ________ (warn) about small parts.

【答案】 warnings

【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：这就是为什么许多玩具都有关于小零件的警告。空处作宾语，表示“警告”应用名词warning，且warning为可数名词，结合上文“many toys”可知数量大于一应用复数。故填warnings。

30. As a result, it provides a terrific full-body workout, improving coordination, flexibility, balance and muscle________（strong).

【答案】 strength

【解析】 考查名词。句意：因此，它提供了一个极好的全身锻炼，改善协调，灵活性，平衡和肌肉力量。空处作宾语，表示“力量”应用名词strength，表抽象概念，不可数。故填strength。

31 Kataria Laughter Clubs are popping up in response to people’s need to handle ________ (press).

【答案】 pressure

【解析】 考查名词。句意：Kataria的笑声俱乐部如雨后春笋般出现，反应了人们处理压力的需要。。handle“处理”为及物动词，后面需要接名词作宾语。press的名词形式为pressure，故填pressure。

32. Through Western color and Chinese painting techniques, Deng has been looking for a crossing between Eastern and Western art ________ (style).

【答案】 styles

【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：通过西方色彩和中国绘画技法，邓文迪一直在寻找一种东西方艺术风格的交叉。表示中西方的艺术形式，名词需用复数。故填styles。

33. Don't do this in an obvious way because this is annoying，but do it without his awareness of your ________ (intend)．

【答案】 intention

【解析】 考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，该处用名词形式。句意：不要以明显的方式来做这件事情，因为这很烦人，而是在他(朋友)没有意识到你的意图的情况下做这件事情。故填intention。

34. Occupy him with ________ (activity)and appointments.

【答案】 activities

【解析】 考查名词复数。根据该句中的“and appointments”可知，空处与此并列，应用名词的复数形式。句意：使他忙于活动和约会。故填activities。

35. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Beijing 2022 reported that ________ (construct) of competition venues(场馆) remained on track to be completed by the end of this year.

【答案】 construction

【解析】 考查名词。句意：尽管2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行，但2022年北京冬奥会比赛场馆的建设仍将在今年年底前完成。介词of前应用名词。故填construction。

36. As global travel restrictions are likely to remain for the coming months, Beijing 2022 organizers have decided to cancel a series of test ________ (event).

【答案】 events

【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：由于未来几个月全球旅行限制可能仍将继续，北京2022年冬奥会组织者已决定取消一系列测试活动。名词event是可数的，且前面没有限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填events。

37. Many competitors spend big money to get their ________ (hand) on top-performing birds.

【答案】 hands

【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：许多参赛者花高价来获得顶级表演的信鸽。此处为固定短语get one's hands on“获得”。故填hands。

38. But of all the________ (challenge), making good friends might be the most important.

【答案】 challenges

【解析】 考查名词复数。句意：但是在所有的挑战中，结交好朋友可能是最重要的。challenge是可数名词，根据空前的all the可知，此处用所给名词的复数。故填challenges。

39. Other American studies showed no __________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.

【答案】 connection/connections

【解析】 考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。

40. Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.

【答案】 accuracy

【解析】 考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。