10 定语从句 备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

专题10   定语从句

    备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

【易错题01】 语法填空中关系词的误用

1. 【 2022新高考I卷 】  The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

【答案】 that

【错误分析】 长难句中无法判断定语从句，导致误用别的各类连词；that与which的区别不清。

【解题思路】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。

2.【 2022全国甲卷 】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.

【答案】who

【错误分析】不看意思，只凭借空格前有逗号，逗号后用which的错误经验主义。

【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。

3.【 2021新课标II卷 】I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.

【答案】that/which

【错误分析】 只看先行词表地点，而没有注重关系词在从句中的句子成分。

【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。

【易错题02】 书面表达中定语从句的错误用法

1. I have many collections of stamps，some of them are my favorite.

【答案】 them改为which

【错误分析】从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。

【写作思路】 两个主谓结构之间需要使用连词，此处为关系代词在从句中作宾语，同时引导定语从句。

2. Those who against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.

【答案】  inviting

【错误分析】 未能完善定语从句的句子成分，误把介词against当做动词。

【解题思路】 介词against不能作谓语。更正为：Those who are against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.

3. As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.

【答案】去掉and

【错误分析】 为理解As为关系代词，引导定语从句。

【解题思路】 关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。

【名师点津】定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。

1. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.

【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。

2. In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.

【答案】when

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。

3. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.

【答案】that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。

4. In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.

【答案】whose

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

5. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she opened with her late husband Les.

【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。

6. They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

【答案】who/that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。

7. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.

【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。

8. The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。

1.   Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _______lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the development of chopsticks.

【答案】who

【解析】考査定语从句。空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句, 先行词指人,故用who。

2.   I prefer to work in black and white,_______ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.

【答案】which

【解析】考査非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少主语,先行词指代前面的整个句子。

3.   We should take an active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark ________what is true as well as good.

【答案】which

【解析】句意:我们应该用积极的态度对待我们的学习, 努力获得真实而又优异的成绩. 此处应用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,修饰先行词mark,且关系代词在从句中作主语。

4.   The idea has quickly spread to Europe in _______ special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old.

【答案】which

【解析】 句意:这个理念迅速传播到欧洲,如今这些特殊的课程在欧洲被提供给7至24个月大的婴幼儿. 先行词为Europe,是一个地点,且从句中缺少地点状语,where相与于in which.

5.   That was the reason _______ he was late for school.

【答案】why

【解析】句意:那就是他上学迟到的原因. the reason作先行词, 位用关系副词why引导定语从句.why相当于for which.

6.   The woman said that her husband had died some months before and that she didn’t have anyone else in her family _______could help her.

【答案】who

【解析】句意:这个女人说,她的丈夫几个月前去世了, 家里没有人能够帮助她从句中缺少关系代词.who引导定语从句, 修饰先行词anyone else.

7.   I enjoyed my stay in the library _______ I could read various books I was interested in.

【答案】 where

【解析】 句意:我喜欢在图书馆逗留, 在那里我可以阅读各种各样感兴趣的书.先行词library为地点名词, 故用where引导定语从句,且在从句中作地点状语.

8.   First, we went to Zhili Governor Office, ________ is a very famous tourist spot in China.

【答案】which

【解析】句意:首先.我们前往直隶总督府,这在中国是一个非常著名的旅游景点. 先行同为Zhili Governor 且定语从句中缺少主语.故填which注意关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

9. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.

【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导。

10. Studies have shown that students________use handwriting to take notes in class remember information better—improving their score ________as much as 15 percent.

【答案】who或that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息——他们的分数提高了15%。空处引导定语从句，先行词students，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。

11. The China-Laos Railway, ________ connects Kunming in southwest China’s Yunnan Province with the Laotian capital, Vientiane, started  operation on Dec 3. 2021.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The China-Laos Railway，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。

12. The 2014 Sochi Olympics used 80% artificial snow, ________ later rose to 90% at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：2014年索契冬奥会使用了80%的人工雪，后来在2018年平昌冬奥会上，人工雪的使用率上升到90%。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“artificial snow”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词“which”引导从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。

13. It supports trains ________ operate at a maximum speed of 200kph.

【答案】that或which

【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：它支持最高时速为200公里的列车。此处是定语从句，先行词为trains，指物，在定语从句中充当主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。

14. She was used to her previous work environment ________ the team leader and manager took control and made decisions.

【答案】where

【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她已经习惯了以前的工作环境，在那里，团队领导和经理负责并做出决定。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为work environment，在从句中作地点状语，因而用where引导。故填where。

15. Bing Dwen Dwen wears a full-body “shell” made out of ice, _________ was inspired by bingtanghulu—a traditional Beijing street snack, according to Cao Xue, the designer of the mascot.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据吉祥物设计师曹雪介绍，“冰墩墩”全身裹着一个冰“壳”，灵感来自北京传统街头小吃冰糖葫芦。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a full-body “shell”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。

16. Stacey Abrams, ________ served in the House of Representatives in Georgia from 2007 to 2017, is a politician, lawyer and voting rights activist.

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Stacey Abrams从2007年到2017年担任佐治亚州众议院议员，是一名政治家、律师和投票权活动人士。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Stacey Abrams，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导。故填who。

17. Sanxingdui (三星堆) is believed to have sat at the heart of the Shu state, ________historians know little about because of the lack of written records.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：三星堆被认为位于蜀国的心脏地带，由于缺乏文字记载，历史学家对它知之甚少。此处the Shu state是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。

18. Less snow cover in the mountains is important in the West and Alaska,________ will greatly reduce the chances of disasters caused by too much snow.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在西部和阿拉斯加，山区积雪较少是很重要的，这将大大减少因积雪过多而造成灾害的机会。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。

19. Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist,________ co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as the first editor-in-chief.

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句子结构关系可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Louis Cha ，在定语从句中作主语，用who。

20. It reflects the culture _______ fooling and complaining is part of everyday life.

【答案】where

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：它反映了在英国文化中，欺骗和抱怨是日常生活的一部分。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为the culture，定语从句中主谓宾成分完整，缺少地点状语，因此要用关系副词where。故填where。

21. She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素）, a drug ________ has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria. “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine.

【答案】which/that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她发现了青蒿素，这是一种能显著降低疟疾患者死亡率的药物。分析句子可知，“设空处后为定语从句，修饰先行词 “a drug”，同时先行词在定语从句中作主语，故填which/that。

22. Like many things in life, it’s an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, _______means you’ll just keep getting better and better.

【答案】which 

【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，设空处后是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。

23. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.

【答案】where

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中，在那里直到胡萝卜意外地发芽使戒指通过绿叶又被找到。前后两句很完整，由句意可知，后半句是对花园进行了进一步的解释说明。故后半句是定语从句，先行词是garden，在定语从句作地点状语，关系词用where，故填where。

24. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______ is not good for the health.

【答案】which 

【解析】结合上下文，此处意为“可能二者吃的太多，对我们的健康不利”，且 …is not good for the health缺少主语，因此应填关系代词which，指代上文提到的内容。

25. But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

【答案】who 

【解析】分析句子结构可知，主语为Sarah,谓语部分为wants…。 “  64   has taken part in shows along with top models,”作定语修饰先行词Sarah，且指代先行词的关系代词在从句中作主语，因此填who。

26. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she opened with her late husband Les.

【答案】 which 

【解析】 which引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词the pet shop，which在从句中作opened的宾语。

27. They were well trained by their masters______ had great experience with caring for these animals.

【答案】who 

【解析】who / that此处用who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词masters。

28.The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother, _______ is a rare phenomenon in nature.

【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处which代替前面整个句子的内容，无固定的先行词。故填which。

29.For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, ________ information is listed above.

【答案】whose

【解析】考查定语从句。为了进一步了解我们项目的消息，请访问我们的网站或联系我们的Undergraduate Chair，它的信息在上面被列出。此处先行词是Undergraduate Chair，其和后面的information是所属关系，故填whose。

30. Tik Tok’s woes(麻烦) offer others an opening. In India,50．200 million users lost access to it overnight, a local rival, Roposo, got 22 million sign-ups in 48 hours. In America Facebook is about to launch Instagram “Reels”, a TikTok clone, and YouTube will soon roll out “Shorts”.

【答案】where

【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知此处是定语从句，先行词是India，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，故填where。

31. I'm grateful that the assistant responded in a way _______ made me rethink the power of my words.

【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。我很感激那位店员的回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。此处先行词是a way，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。

32. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, _______ had recently joined the shop.

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个商店。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是an assistant在定语从句中作主语。故填who。

33. I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions __________she stopped working because of ill health.

【答案】when

【解析】句意:我很钦佩我的英语老师,我记得她很少有因为生病而停止工作的时候。考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,occasions为先行词,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故填when。

34. In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one__________ they can earn money to support themselves.

【答案】where

【解析】句意:在大多数情况下,大学毕业生不在乎他们将做什么工作,只要是一个能挣钱养活自己的工作就行。“ they can earn money to support themselves”为定语从句,先行词为one,即a job。将先行词代入定语从句后为they can earn money to support themselves in the job,由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where。

35. Finally he reached a lonely island__________ was completely cut off from the outside world.

【答案】which/that

【解析】句意:他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。本题考查定语从句。定语从句修饰的先行词是island,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词表“物”,故用that或which

36. A company__________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

【答案】whose

【解析】句意:从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The company’s profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语,故用whose引导。

37.We'll reach the sales targets in a month __________we set at the beginning of the year.

【答案】which/that

【解析】考査定语从句。句意:一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标了。先行词是targets,关系词在从句中作set的宾语,故要用关系词which或that,也可省略。

37. He may win the competition, in __________ case he is likely to get into the national team.

【答案】which

【解析】句意:他有可能赢得这次比赛,在这种情况下,他有希望进入到国家队。考查定语从句。设空处前有逗号,故判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句。根据“介词+which+名词”的结构,填which。

39.“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” __________ the old saying goes.

【答案】as

【解析】句意:俗话说“不能根据封面判断一本书”。As the old saying goes俗话说,as引导非限制性定语从句,替代整句话的意思。

40. My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,__________ I was the first Western TV reporter.

【答案】when

【解析】考查定语从句。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句,先行词是表示时间的in the mid-1980s,从句中缺少状语,因此填写关系副词when。