(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点02 书面表达概要写作专练（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点02 书面表达概要写作专练（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习热点02书面表达概要写作专练解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习热点02书面表达概要写作专练原卷板doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
热点02 书面表达概要写作


【概要写作命题规律和趋势】
根据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试说明〈高考综合改革试验省份试用〉》（第一版）可知，概要写作的设题形式如下：
提供一篇350字以内的短文，短文体裁以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语言高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇60字左右的内容概要。
【概要写作解题策略和技巧】
第一，读懂原文，抓住大意。这是概要写作的最基本也是最重要的要求，如果不能正确地理解原文，不能准确地把握文章大意，那么我们的概要写作就会下笔千言离题万里。语言再优美地道也是无用之功，南辕北辙。
第二，定位主题句，找到关键。
概要写作涉及的文体主要有两种：议论文和说明文，针对不同的文体，我们要采用不同的方法定位主题句，或者找出关键信息。
1．议论文的概括先要弄清楚文章的观点、论据和结论，注意文章每一段的首尾句或者文章的首尾段。通常，一篇文章有几个段落就有几个中心句。文中有一分为二的观点的，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。
例如：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
本段陈述的主要内容为：做一个好的倾听者需要全神贯注，即是bracketing法则：第一，暂时摒弃个人的偏见和要求，设身处地地为别人着想；第二，暂时全面地接受对方。只有这样才能做到彼此真正交流，才能促进双方共同进步。主题句为：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.，但是在概括中还必须包括bracketing所得到的两个要点：giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires和a temporary acceptance of the other person，整合后可形成这样的主题内容：Following the rule “bracketing”, which means listening without prejudices and with acceptance, is of vital importance in helping you become a good listener.
2．说明文通常会有中心句，写概要时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后用自己的话重组文章的信息。
例如：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system. In a statement, the California Institute of Technology (Calatech) said this planet travels in a strange orbit in the distant solar system. The discovery was made by two researchers at Caltech: Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown. They used mathematical modeling and computer simulations(模拟) to find the planet. So far, there have not been any direct observations of the planet.
本段落的主要内容为科学家们发现了第九大行星存在证据，不过目前为止对此行星并没有直接的观测发现。主题句为：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system… So far, there have not been any direct observations of the planet.用自己的语言重组后，关键信息如下：Though scientists have not observed the faraway planet directly, they say it is evident that there exists a giant planet in our solar system.
第三，组织语言，转换表达。
在概要写作的评分标准中，第五档（21-25分）中对语言表达独立性的要求为：完全使用自己的语言。
有个别整句抄自原文的降低一个档次给分（第四档）；出现两句以上照抄原文的，再降低一个档次给分（第三档）。这就要求我们在概要写作的过程中，在读懂原文、抓住大意、定位主题句和找到关键信息之后，要做的就是对语言的润色加工了。在这个过程中，我们可以采用同义替换、语义转换、要点重组、巧用关联词等方法灵活准确地表达，以达到语言表达独立性的要求。
例如：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might perish. One scientist tells the Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing; more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds. He says small changes-like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be likely to use-could make a big difference.
本段落的主要内容分为：研究者呼吁世界各国加强合作，为过境的鸟儿提供一个安全的栖息地。小小的善行能带来大大不同。主题句为：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries…small changes…could make a big difference.可同义替换为contribute a lot; small changes可转换为a little kindness，同时可用关联词for来连接两个句子，表述承接关系。由此，要点可整合为：Researchers urge countries to make joint efforts to provide a safe place for birds passing through their boundaries, for a small kindness can really contribute a lot.。
【热点话题】社会热点；学生生活；暑期活动
【限时检测】
【高考真题和样题】
A
(2020年江苏省高考英语真题)
话题：中国题材纪录片
难度：★★
建议用时：25分
书面表达(满分25分)
81.请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.
Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. These films can help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food...
Li Jiang: I couldn’t agree more.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；
2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China’s past and present.
Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.
Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇读写任务。
【详解】第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。要求阅读中国题材纪录片的对话，写一篇150个词文章。包括两部分。(一)、用30词概括对话内容。(二)、谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。要求至少两点原因。
第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，概括对话内容。第二段和第三段，中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。第四段，总结因为电影吸引外国人想来到中国。
第三步:确定关键词汇和短语: produced by, provide…with, either…or, be keen on, present , because of, in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.
第四步:确定较为高级的句子: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC； 定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: for one thing, for another.
第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC； 定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. 状语从句和宾语从句的运用 the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.这些高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
B
（2019年浙江省高考真题）
话题：父母鼓励孩子的方式
难度：★★
建议用时：25分
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
    Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
    So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
      Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】
      Praising can build up children’s confident, while too much praise may have opposite effects on children. (要点1) Besides, less praise also does harm to kids’ development. (要点2) To gain the best result, our praise should be sincere and focus on the process instead of the end product. (要点3) In a word, praise should be in line with facts and match the children’s efforts. (要点4)
【解析】
【分析】
本次概要写作文章脉络清晰，一段一要点，属于常规概要写作。文章体裁：议论文
文章大意：父母对孩子的表扬过多过少都会带来不好的后果，恰当的表扬应着重表扬孩子做事过程中的努力而非结果。
【写作的步骤与策略】
第一步：通读全文
通读全文，关注到文章的体裁；关注到不断反复出现的词：praise ，（主题）关注到文章的谋篇：先讲表扬过多不好，再讲表扬过少也不好，然后提出怎样表扬才算好，最后来一个总结。
第二步：逐句逐段解读并用自己的话表达
第一段：现在的父母表扬孩子过多，会带来负面的影响，如孩子害怕尝试新事物或者害怕达不到父母的高期待等。第二段：过少的表扬也是有害的，会让孩子觉得自己不好，没有得到父母的关心或觉得自己的努力没有意义。第三段：正确的方式应该是注重赞美的质量而不是数量，注重孩子努力的过程而非结果。第四段：表扬要适当，要根据实际情况。
第三步：整合成文（请注意衔接等）
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式：Praising can build up children’s confident, while too much praise may have opposite effects on children. (要点1)，while 引导的并列句。使用了非谓语动词不定式作主语。To gain the best result, our praise should be sincere and focus on the process instead of the end product. (要点3)
C
（华师一 2021届11月月考试题）
话题：全球气候变暖对皇帝企鹅的生存带来危害
难度：★★★
建议用时：25分
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Until 2017, the Emperor penguin was listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, but as of 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted to suffer a moderately rapid population decline over the next three generations owing to the effects of climate change. The number one threat to their survival is global warming. Here’s how it has affected Emperor penguins and what we should do.
A decrease in the amount of sea ice formation, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future of the Emperor penguin. Many Emperor penguins breed on ice shelves that only form during the Antarctic winter. There have been times in recent years when the ice shelves have melted back faster or sooner than usual. Many of the chicks haven’t completely fledged (长出飞羽) into their waterproof feathers by the time the ice melts back to their habitats, and they are forced into the cold ocean waters, where they die of cold exposure or drowning.
One thing that less sea ice definitely affects is food for the penguins. One of their food sources is krill (磷虾), and the sea-ice shelves serve as a nursery for the krill. The newly-born krill feed on the algae (水藻) that grow on the underside of the sea ice. When there is less sea ice, there is less algae for the krill to feed on, and consequently less krill is produced.
Measures should be taken to protect these animals. People can donate to organizations that are working to protect Emperor penguins and other penguin species, and our oceans in general. Reducing your impact on the environment, in particular, is something you can do—you can make these tiny changes to lower your carbon footprint every day. You can also be mindful about reducing seafood consumption and eating sustainably caught seafood, as overfishing is the second greatest threat to nearly every penguin species today. Also, avoid using supplements and other products that contain krill or krill oil.
【答案】
Since 2018, Emperor penguins have been listed as Near-Threatened because their population tends to decline due to the effects of global warming. (要点1) Global warming decreases the amount of the ice formation in their habitats. As a result, the chicks are forced into the cold ocean before they grow strong enough (要点2), and their food source is also influenced (要点3). So people should take action to protect them (要点4).
【解析】
【分析】
第一段：moderately adv. 适中的，中等；Emperor penguin （皇）帝企鹅；Near-Threatened 近危物种
第二段：breed vi. 生育，繁殖；Antarctic adj. 南极的；ice shelf 冰架；waterproof feathers 防水羽毛
Many of the chicks haven’t completely fledged (长出飞羽) into their waterproof feathers by the time the ice melts back to their habitats, and they are forced into the cold ocean waters, where they die of cold exposure or drowning.
[分析] 该句是一个并列复合句，主干是由and连接的并列句；by the time引导时间状语从句；where引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the cold ocean waters；waters在文中指水域。
[译文] 许多小企鹅在冰融化到它们栖息地的时候还没有完全长出防水羽毛，它们被迫进入冰冷的海水中，在那里它们死于寒冷或溺水。
第三段：definitely adv. 确切地；consequently adv. 结果，因此
第四段：organization n. 组织机构；in general 总的来说；supplement n. 补给品
【思路点拨】
本文是说明文，主要讲述由于全球变暖导致皇帝企鹅面临生存危机，人们应该采取措施保护他们，保护大自然。
【适当衔接，连句成文】
自2018年以来，皇帝企鹅被列为近危物种，原因是全球气候变暖，其对皇帝企鹅的影响体现在两方面，分别是要点2和3，应在这两点之间增加表并列的关联词and, 合并这两个要点；要点4和前面的内容有因果关系，故用so或者therefore连接，使得上下文连贯、紧凑。
【点睛】 本文的篇章结构为“总——分”，第一段简介文章主要内容，指出“全球气候变暖对皇帝企鹅的生存带来危害”，第二、三、四段为支持性内容和相关细节，分别从皇帝企鹅的栖息地和食物来源两方面介绍气候变化对他们的影响，第四段介绍在此影响下，人们应采取的措施。
D
（2021届苏州市高三11月调研）
话题：蜂群中的不同类型蜜蜂的特点
难度：★★★
建议用时：25分
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their own way of telling each other that they have found a new flower. They bring some of its nectar (花蜜) back home and then do a little dance that shows where the flower is and how far away it is.
In autumn the worker bees go out and collect as much nectar and pollen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return to make honey and store it for the long cold winter.
Bees build their own houses but they do not always have round tops like people draw them in storybooks. They are usually five storeys high. The queen bee always has the bottom storey. In between the bottom storey and all the rest there are bars only just wide enough for the workers to pass through. The queen bee can never go up to the other floors because she is bigger than all the other bees. The storeys the queen can’t enter are where the store rooms are. There are rooms for pollen, nectar and royal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the workers have to cover the walls and entrance of the rooms. They have to move the honey and the nectar and pollen away from the hot walls of the room.
The queen is the only that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drone. Once the queen has laid the eggs she throws the drone out because a drone just sits around eating honey and nectar. He cannot go out and collect pollen because drones do not have pollen-carrying things on their legs like the workers have.
Young bees are called nurses because they have to nurse the newborn bees whether they like it or not. What a bee ends up being when it grows up depends on what it eats. If it is to be a queen it must feed on royal jellies and it must never, ever set eyes on another queen. If it does they must fight till only one of them is still alive.
【答案】
Bees are weird animals and have a unique way to communicate with one another. (要点1) Worker bees work tirelessly to store food. (要点2) Unlike worker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bottom storey of the five-storey house. (要点3) She even deserts the drone after she finishes using him. (要点4) Same as worker bees, young bees need to work to care for newborn bees, but they can only leave their futures to what they eat. (要点5)
【解析】
【分析】
第一段：creature n. 生物
They bring some of its nectar (花蜜) back home and then do a little dance that shows where the flower is and how far away it is.
[分析] 本句的主句有两个谓语动词，分别是bring和do；谓语动词do的宾语dance后面有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词dance，定语从句的谓语动词shows后面有两个宾语从句where the flower is与how far away it is。
[译文] 他们会把一些花蜜带回家然后跳一曲舞蹈说明哪里有花，离得有多远。第二段：store… for… 为……储备……
第二段：工蜂努力工作储存食物。
第三段：pass through 通过；bottom adj. 底部的 workers n. 工蜂，工蚁，由第一段中的worker bees可以得到提示
第四段：sit around 无所事事地闲坐
He cannot go out and collect pollen because drones do not have pollen-carrying things on their legs like the workers have.
[分析] 本句的主句是He cannot go out and collect pollen，because引导的原因状语从句中有一个like引导的方式状语从句。
[译文] 他不能外出采集花粉，因为不像工蜂，雄蜂的腿上没有可携带花粉的东西。
第五段：newborn 新生的；end up doing sth. 最终结果是……；grow up 长大；depend on 取决于；feed on sth. 以某物为食；set eyes on sth. 注意盯着某物
【思路点拨】
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蜜蜂家族生存习性、不同分工及蜂房布局。
【适当衔接，连句成文】
本文作者介绍了蜂群中的不同类型蜜蜂的特点，工蜂工作勤奋努力，蜂王靠着其权威过着轻松的生活，两者形成对比，所以用Unlike连接两个句子。第四段依然由蜂王引起雄蜂，所以用代词She代替queen bee，最后一段的幼蜂需要与工蜂一样努力工作，所以加Same as worker bees将二者联系起来。
【点睛】本文的篇章结构为“总——分”。第一段内容为主题段，作者引入主题，对蜜蜂进行总括介绍；第二段介绍工蜂的职能；第三段介绍蜂王的住所；第四段介绍雄蜂；第五段介绍幼蜂的职责及命运。


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阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
话题：介绍雪山调水工程
难度：★★★
建议用时：25分
Australia’s greatest engineering accomplishment to date is the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme. It took 25 years to build and was completed in 1974 at a cost of $820 million. The aims of the scheme were to produce lots of electricity, and to supply water to households and for farming irrigation. The scheme works by collecting rain and melting snow from the Snowy Mountains and storing it in dams. This is then diverted (转移) through tunnels (隧道) and pipelines to power stations that produce electricity. The water used to produce the electricity then flows into the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers.
The Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme is made up of sixteen large dams; seven major power stations; a pumping station; and 225 kilometres of tunnels and pipelines. It covers over 5,000 square kilometres of southern New South Wales (NSW). Seven regional townships and more than 100 temporary camps were established for the people who worked on the scheme.
When the scheme began in 1949, Australia did not yet have a workforce with the required scientific and engineering skills needed to complete the project. Many migrants with experience in skills like surveying, tunnelling and geology were employed from overseas. Homeless persons from Europe also worked on the scheme on two-year contracts as part of their required work assignments. The largest group of workers were unassisted migrants who were drawn to the project by the high wages.
More than 100,000 people worked on the project in total. Seventy percent of those were migrants. Workers came from more than 30 countries, including Germany, Italy, Austria and Poland. Most migrants were from Europe because the White Australia Policy discouraged the immigration of people of non-white or non-European origin. Tunnelling in the Snowy Mountains was dangerous and dirty work. Even though the workers came from very different ethnic (种族的) backgrounds that may have fought against each other in World War I and World War II, living and working in these difficult conditions brought them together. This was considered the beginning of Australia’s multiculturalism.
【答案】
The Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme has been the greatest engineering project in Australia so far. (要点1) It consists of dams, power stations, tunnels and pipelines. (要点2) Due to lack of workforce, Australia had to seek skilled laborers from overseas to work on it. (要点3) Those workers largely from European backgrounds stuck together to accomplish this significant project despite the fact that they were enemies during World War I and World War II. (要点4)
【解析】
【分析】
第一段：accomplishment n. 成就；scheme n. 计划；to date 迄今为止；at a cost of… 以……的价格；supply… to… 向……提供……；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
第二段：temporary adj. 临时的；be made up of 由……组成；work on sth. 从事于
第三段：When the scheme began in 1949, Australia did not yet have a workforce with the required scientific and engineering skills needed to complete the project.
[分析] when引导时间状语从句，主句中的with the required…是介词短语作定语修饰workforce，介词短语的宾语skills后面跟一个省略了that/which were的定语从句。
[译文] 当这个项目于1949年启动的时候，澳大利亚还未拥有完成这项工程所需的必要科学和工程技能的劳动力。
第四段：migrant n. 移民；multiculturalism n. 多元文化；in total 总共
Even though the workers came from very different ethnic backgrounds that may have fought against each other in World War I and World War II, living and working in these difficult conditions brought them together.
[分析] even though引导让步状语从句，状语从句的宾语backgrounds后面跟有that引导的定语从句，主句的主语是动词-ing形式：living and working…。
[译文] 尽管这些工人有着不同的种族背景，他们可能还曾在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中相互厮杀，但在这些艰苦条件下生活和工作的经历将他们团结在了一起。
【思路点拨】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍澳大利亚最大型水利工程项目——雪山调水工程。
【适当衔接，连句成文】
本文作者先由雪山水利工程的总体情况说起，之后逐项进行介绍。第二段说项目的组成部分，因第一段总结时用The Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme作了主语，总结第二段时直接用It即可。第三段从国外引进劳动力的原因是缺乏技能型工人，所以用Due to表示原因，句末的it依然说的是雪山水利工程，第四段总结时说的workers就是上文的skilled laborers，所以用Those指代，避免重复。
【点睛】本文的篇章结构为“总——分”。第一段总体介绍雪山调水工程；第二段介绍雪山调水工程的主要结构；第三段介绍雪山调水工程工人招募情况；第四段介绍不同种族人群齐心协力完成这一艰巨的水利工程项目。
F
（扬州中学2021届10月月考）
话题：父母应该和孩子制定哪些手机使用的规则
难度：★★★
建议用时：5分
阅读下面短文, 根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
There are some important regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe and responsible way. When kids know what the consequences are when rules aren’t followed, that makes life more predictable for them.
Most kids are not paying for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you paid for it, you own it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell phone, suddenly parents discover data runs out half way through the month. This can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Also, teen cell phone addiction should be limited. Generally, it’s a good idea to have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at bedtime.
Come to agreement in advance about what they are and aren’t allowed to download on their cell phone. There are some really bad apps for kids that you don’t want on their phones.
Make sure your kids understand how to set up their privacy. Talk with them about why guarding their privacy is so important. Many teens truly have no concept about everything that a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their location.
You want to cover what is and isn’t appropriate to share via a cell phone. This definitely means photos and language used in emails and on social media. But don’t forget simpler things like providing their address, their age or what school they go to online.
Lastly, there are times and places when using one’s cell phone is not appropriate. In movie theaters or during class time at school the phone should be on silent and put away. Additionally, when someone is having a face to face conversation with them, they need to be looking at the person, not their phone.
【答案】
Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. (要点1) First, parents own the phone, so they have the right to determine how it is used. (要点2) Besides, parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely, avoid addiction and pay attention to downloading. (要点3) Lastly, it is important to protect privacy and don’t share the basic personal information on the phone. When and where to use cell phones should also be told. (要点4)
【解析】
【分析】
第一段：consequence n. 结果，后果；predictable adj. 可预言的
When kids know what the consequences are when rules aren’t followed, that makes life more predictable for them.
[分析] 本句为主从复合句，包含When引导的两个时间状语从句，主句为that makes life more predictable for them；what the consequences are作know的宾语从句，when rules aren’t followed作what the consequences are的时间状语从句。
[译文] 当孩子们知道不遵守规则会带来什么后果时，这会使他们的生活更加可预测。
第二段：Most kids are not paying for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you paid for it, you own it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.
[分析] 本句中Most kids are not paying...和so后面的句子构成并列句，so表示因果关系；第一个if引导条件状语从句，主句为you own it；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子；you have the right... rules you set up earlier是省略连接词that宾语从句，其中if引导条件状语从句，主句为you have the right to take it away anytime。
[译文] 大多数孩子都不会为手机或手机套餐付费，因此，如果您为手机付费，则您拥有该手机，这意味着如果他们不遵守先前制定的规则，您有权随时将其取走。
第三段：run out 耗尽；monitor v. 监控，监测；addiction n. 上瘾，沉溺
第四段：in advance 预先，提前
第五段：privacy n. 隐私，秘密；concept n. 观念，概念
Many teens truly have no concept about everything that a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their location.
[分析] 本句是主从复合句，包含that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词everything；including是介词，介词短语including personal information and their location修饰them。
[译文] 对于手机可以共享的所有内容，包括个人信息和位置，许多青少年确实对此一无所知。
第六段：appropriate adj. 适当的；via prep. 通过，凭借；definitely adv. 清楚地，当然
第七段：put away 放好，储存；additionally adv. 此外，另外
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述为确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机，父母如何与青少年建立手机使用规则。
【适当衔接，连句成文】
本文是“总——分”结构，叙述父母从哪几个方面与孩子建立手机使用规则，各观点之间是并列递进关系，因此可以在各观点之间增加表递进的关联词first，besides，lastly以及also，使得上下文衔接连贯。
【点睛】本文的篇章结构为“总——分”，第一段内容为主题段，指出“父母可以采取一些重要规则，以确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机”，第二、三、四、五、六、七段为支持性内容，从不同方面具体说明了父母应该和孩子制定哪些手机使用的重要规则。
G
(华师一 2021届高三10月月考试题)
话题：二手教科书回收者
难度：★★★
建议用时：25分
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
College students need textbooks to help them learn and earn an academic degree. However, on top of tuition, room and board and meals, why are textbooks so expensive? Textbooks cover many areas of knowledge. They are prepared specifically with a lot of information that include many original pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbooks are extremely useful to students for learning and profitable for the companies that publish them. While textbooks can be a financial burden on the student, they can be profitable for a book scouter (侦察员).
A book scouter is an opportunist who buys cheap used books at thrift stores (二手店) or book sales, and sells them for more money. Brand new textbooks are the most desired of books for scouters since they typically cost over $100. Of course, used textbooks don’t cost as much. But when the scouter goes to a thrift store and book sales at libraries, textbooks can cost as little as several dollars. So, buying used textbooks that are new is one of the most profitable books that sellers can buy.
Unfortunately, many college textbook editions change every year, which eliminates (消除) the student’s chance to use last year’s edition. So, they will have to pay more money for brand new textbooks. The sad reality is that very few changes are generally made between editions.
Book scouters search for textbooks as well as other categories of books available at local thrift stores or book sales. Textbooks that are new or relatively new are marked down to just a few dollars. Then they can be sold on Amazon for potentially high profits. Amazon buys new textbooks for a lot more money than most other types of books. If you want to try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them. Buy it in the best condition possible. If you live in a town or city where there is a university, you have a better chance of finding good textbooks.
Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knowledge is power and can be profitable too.
【答案】
Textbook burdens students financially but is profitable for book scouters. (要点1) They buy used but new books and sell them out for extra money. (要点2) However, because of the subtle editions change, students have to buy new books. (要点3) Therefore, it’s wise to buy the newest version for more profits. (要点4) And students can sell their books out again for the same price they bought when they don’t use them any more. (要点5)
【解析】
【分析】
第一段： academic adj. 学术的；specifically adv. 特别地，明确地；be profitable for 对……有利可图
第二段： opportunist n. 机会主义者，投机取巧者；thrift store 二手店
第三段： category n. 种类；eliminate vt. 消除，排除
第四段：mark down 减价
第五段：Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for the same price that they were purchased.
[分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句中he or she充当主语，sell作谓语动词，由副词potentially修饰；that引导定语从句，修饰名词price。
[译文] 尽管对于普通学生来说课本的价格比较昂贵，但是他或她可以把这些书放在亚马逊上原价出售。
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二手教科书回收者通过回收使用过但是依旧保存良好的的课本并放到网上出售来赚钱这一现象。
【适当衔接，连句成文】
第一段引出话题，第二段是第一段的阐释；第三段说明了二手新书回收者会遇到的问题，应在要点2和3之间增加表转折的关联词however或but；第四段提出了解决这个问题的办法，用表因果的连接词therefore，使得上下文连贯；第五段是对上面内容的拓展，因此使用and表示递进即可。
【点睛】 本文的篇章结构为“总—分”，第一段内容为主题段，引出了“二手教科书回收者”这一话题；第二、三、四段主要讲了二手教科书回收者是如何从二手教科书中获取利益的；第五段提出了其实学生也可以将他们用过的书原价卖掉获得收益