(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点05 完形填空专练（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点05 完形填空专练（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习热点05完形填空专练解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习热点05完形填空专练原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
热点05 完形填空


【命题趋势】
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出十五个空白(原来是二十个)，要求考生从四个词性或结构相同的备选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。本题型被选项涉及动词、名词、形容词、词组和副词，虽然不涉及近义词辨析，但要牢记词汇基本词义并注意熟词新意。本题型旨在考查考生在短文中出现的语境、逻辑、固定搭配、行文习惯、文化习惯情况下灵活、准确使用词汇、词组的能力。
【满分技巧】
解题时要考虑的要点:
在准确把握、筛选所有备选项词义的情况下，考虑如下几点：
A. 考虑上下文的联系
本题型所设的空白绝大部分与上下文有联系。这种联系可通过相互暗示、重复、注释、同义或反义词、褒贬等线索体现出来。
B. 考虑上下文语境
是否符合语境是确定答案必须考虑的方面。语境通过逻辑、语气等体现。
C. 考虑固定搭配、行文习惯、文化习惯以及常识、常理。
【技巧应用】
下面以《2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）》为例来阐述《满分技巧》的实际应用：
A. 原题
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the _____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。
【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、社会热点、垃圾分类等
【限时检测】（建议用时：40分钟）
A
(山东省2021届高三上学期期中考试英语试题（新高考）)
话题：如何战胜困难
难度：★★★
建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Pennsylvania is full of mysterious places! One of those is an old turnpike （收费高速公路） ___41___ for decades. My dad loves history, and he learned it was open to the public. ___42___, when I was 14, we took a bike trip to ___43___ this road!
My dad chose a 16-mile ___44___ of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long! To ___45___, we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries. In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the car and set off. As we approached the tunnel, I felt ___46___ as it was absolutely black inside! But Dad encouraged me. He said he would be beside me. He reminded me to stay ___47___ and keep my light on!
When we ___48___ the tunnel, the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness. I shined my flash light around and saw walls ___49___in graffiti （涂鸦）.And I felt like I was being _____50_____! I was pretty scared, but _____51_____ on following Dad helped me relax. After riding half-way through, I could see light coming from the other end, motivating me to keep going. And I was so delighted to ride out into the bright afternoon!
Whenever going through _____52_____ in life, I remember this trip. It reminds me that my father is always beside me. He turns on the light of hope in my _____53_____, as well as gives me _____54_____ to keep riding through life's _____55_____ tunnels.
41. A. designed B. destroyed C. abandoned D. locked
42. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
43. A. explore B. construct C. protect D. repair
44. A. tunnel B. section C. block D. course
45. A. participate B. register C. cooperate D. prepare
46. A. excited B. nervous C. annoyed D. exhausted
47. A. silent B. curious C. cautious D. positive
48 A. approached B. observed C. constructed D. entered
49. A. covered B. buried C. absorbed D. dressed
50. A. forced B. watched C. abused D. judged
51. A. depending B. surviving C. calling D. focusing
52. A. accidents B. hardships C. regulations D. incidents
53. A. chest B. trip C. work D. heart
54. A. courage B. pride C. excitement D. enthusiasm
55. A. difficult B. distant C. dark D. long
【答案解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我和爸爸的一次公路探险让我终生难忘——每当生活中遇到困难时，它总会提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，给我战胜困难的希望和勇气。
41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是废弃了几十年的收费公路。A. designed设计；B. destroyed破坏；C. abandoned遗弃、废弃；D. locked锁住。根据空后的“My dad loves history…”可知，因为爸爸喜欢历史，我们才去探险，因此这条收费公路应该是废弃了几十年，故C项正确。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸喜欢历史，他了解到这条公路是对公众开放的，因此，在我14岁时，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路！A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据句意可知前后是因果关系，此处表示结果，故C项正确。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. explore探索；B. construct建造；C. protect保护；D. repair修理。空前说爸爸喜欢历史，再结合下文我们在这条公路上的经历可知，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路，故A项正确。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸选了一个16英里长的路段。A. tunnel隧道；B. section部分、路段；C. block街区；D. course过程。空后一句说该路段包括一条超过一英里长的、名为锡岭山的古老隧道，因此此处是指“一个16英里长的路段”，故B项正确。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了做好准备，我们检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池。A. participate参与；B. register登记；C. cooperate合作；D. prepare准备。空后一句说我们检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池，这些都是公路探险前的准备工作，故D项正确。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们接近隧道时，我非常紧张，因为里面一片漆黑！A. excited兴奋的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed生气的；D. exhausted筋疲力尽的。空后一句说隧道里面一片漆黑，因此我非常紧张，故B项正确。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他提醒我要保持小心谨慎，让车灯开着！A. silent安静的；B. curious好奇的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. positive积极的。空前一句说隧道里一片漆黑，因此爸爸提醒我要保持小心谨慎，故C项正确。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们进入隧道时，我们骑车的叮当声在黑暗中回响。A. approached靠近；B. observed观察； C. constructed建造；D. entered进入。根据上文中的“we approached the tunnel”可知此处发生在“接近隧道”之后，是说我们进入了隧道，故D项正确。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用闪光灯照了照四周，看到墙上满是涂鸦。A. covered覆盖；B. buried埋葬；C. absorbed吸收；D. dressed穿衣。根据空后的“graffiti”可知，我发现墙壁被涂鸦所覆盖（墙上满是涂鸦），故A项正确。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着。A. forced强迫；B. watched注视；C. abused虐待；D. judged审判。根据常识可知，涂鸦多是表情夸张或面目狰狞的人物画像，因此我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着，故B项正确。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很害怕，但集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来。A. depending on依靠；B. surviving on靠……活下来；C. calling on号召；D. focusing on集中精力于。根据空后的“on following Dad helped me relax”可知，集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来，故D项正确。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当生活中遇到困难时，我都会想起这次旅行。A. accidents事故；B. hardships艰难困苦；C. regulations条例；D. incidents事件。空后说这次旅行提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，他点亮了我心中的希望之光，也给了我勇气，让我继续穿过生命的黑暗隧道，此处用隧道比喻生活中的困难，说的是每当生活中遇到困难时，我都会想起这次旅行，故B项正确。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边。他点亮了我心中的希望之光，也给了我勇气，让我继续穿过生活中的黑暗隧道。A. chest胸；B. trip旅行；C. work工作；D. heart内心。根据空前的“the light of hope”可知此处是指“心中的希望之光”，故D项正确。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courage勇气；B. pride自豪；C. excitement兴奋；D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文中“But Dad encouraged me.”可知，在我紧张害怕时，爸爸鼓励我，因此此处是指“给我勇气”，故A项正确。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. difficult困难的；B. distant遥远的；C. dark黑暗的；D. long长的。根据上文中的“it was absolutely black inside!”可知，隧道里面一片漆黑，因此此处是指“生活中的黑暗隧道”，故C项正确。
【点睛】本篇第4空A项tunnel的干扰性较大，下文中多次出现了tunnel，所以有些同学很容易以为此处是原词复现而误选此项，但根据空后的“Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long!”可知，该路段包括一条超过一英里长的、名为锡岭山的古老隧道，因此此处是指“一个16英里长的路段”，即：我爸爸选了一个16英里长的路段，故B项（section）正确。
B
(鄂州市部分高中联考协作体2020高三上学期调研)
话题：有关乌鸦的故事
难度：★★★
建议用时：6分
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’d planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was 41 the pair of disgusting crows(乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base 42 in our backyard.
We first 43 our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made 44 through our neighborhood. I figured they’d 45 soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably 46 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little 47 .
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to 48 and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly 49 as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi 50 his nose to its head did it walk away. I 51 the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining 52 as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I 53 the crows.
To be honest, I’ve never been much of a bird person. And I wish they’d chosen another backyard. But I’m also 54 that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It’s pretty amazing.
The experience has also 55 my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
41．A．after B．when C．until D．before
42．A．organization B．camp C．business D．trap
43．A．accepted B．drove C．discovered D．invited
44．A．traveled B．flew C．ran D．flowed
45．A．sing B．fight C．fall down D．quiet down
46．A．attracting B．annoying C．frightening D．amusing
47．A．excited B．amazed C．curious D．desperate
48．A．prevent B．defend C．explore D．assist
49．A．cold B．enthusiastic C．still D．friendly
50．A．touched B．threw C．pointed D．connected
51．A．awarded B．locked C．praised D．fed
52．A．strength B．pity C．advantage D．freedom
53．A．hated B．respected C．admired D．forgave
54．A．pitiful B．grateful C．painful D．careful
55．A．discouraged B．ensured C．strengthened D．Proved
【答案解析】
此文是记叙文．作者讲述了自己对在后院安家的乌鸦从讨厌到怜爱的态度转变过程。也告诉我们对待小动物也要一视同仁
41．考查连词辨析的。句意： 我本打算在阳光下度周末，在户外赏花。但那是在那对恶心的乌鸦到来之前。A. after在......之后；B. when当.....之后；C. until一直到；D. before在.....之前。根据后面的语境可知，作者在乌鸦来之前，心情极好，可知，此处选D。
42．考查名词辨析。句意：他们在我们的后院建立了他们的大本营。A. organization组织； B. camp营地；C. business生意，商业；D. trap陷阱。根据后面的内容可知，乌鸦在他们家的后院定居下来，即建立了营地（camp），故选B。
43．考查动词辨析。句意：我们第一次发现有羽毛的敌人是在星期五早上。A. accepted接受；B. drove开车；C. discovered发现；D. invited邀请。根据语境可知，此处是指作者第一次发现（discover）乌鸦的，故选C。
44．考查固定搭配及动词辨析。句意：时间还早，乌鸦的叫声穿过我们的街区。A. traveled传播，旅行；B. flew飞行；C. ran跑；D. flowed流动。“根据后面的They were getting louder and probably ___6___ my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little...”可知，乌鸦的叫声很大，穿越街区，travel through”为固定搭配，意为“穿越，穿过”。故选A。
45．考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：我想他们很快就会安静下来。A. sing唱歌；B. fight打架；C. fall down摔倒；D. quiet down安静下来。根据后面的“They were getting louder他们声音很大”可知，而 “but” 为转折连词，可知，前面是说，我认为他们会安静（quiet down）下来，但却不是安静，而来越来越大。故选D。
46．考查动词辨析。句意：可能会让我的邻居和我们一样恼火。A. attracting吸引；B. annoying使恼火；C. frightening使害怕；D. amusing使娱乐。根据本段的“on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made traveled through our neighborhood.”可知，在周五的很早的时候，乌鸦的叫声，会让人恼火（annoying ），故选B。
47．考查形容词辨析。句意：我承认我有点绝望。A. excited激动的 ；B. amazed惊讶的；C. curious好奇的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上下文的语境可知，在早上听到乌鸦那么大的叫声，很是恼火，却又无可奈何，有点绝望（desperate），故选D。
48．考查动词辨析。句意：我去探查，在草地上发现了一只黑色的小鸟。A. prevent阻止；B. defend防御；C. explore探查，探索；D. assist协助。根据前一句“I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground.” 作者看到他们的狗Quatchi盯着地上的东西。出于好奇，作者也去一探究竟，故选C。
49．考查形容词辨析。句意：当我的狗朝它走去时，它一动不动。A. cold冷的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. still一动不动的；D. friendly友好的。根据空后的“只有当狗用鼻子碰触着它的头时，它才走开”，由此可知，在狗走近它前，它是不动不动的（still），故选C。
50．考查动词辨析。句意：当狗用鼻子碰到它的头时，它才走开。A. touched碰触；B. threw扔掉；C. pointed指向；D. connected连接。根据常识及语境可知，此处是指狗用鼻子碰触（touch），故选A。
51．考查动词辨析的。句意：我把狗锁在屋里。A. awarded授予；B. locked锁；C. praised表扬；D. fed喂食。由上文的狗用鼻子碰触了小乌鸦，所以作者担心小乌鸦的处境，怕狗伤害它而把狗锁（lock）起来，故选B。
52．考查名词辨析。句意：没有想到小乌鸦的父母在上面保护，小乌鸦会在地面上玩耍，成长并壮大（获得力量）。A. strength力气；B. pity怜悯；C. advantage优势；D. freedom自由。分析语境可知，此处是指小乌鸦长大，有了力气，即成长壮大，故选A。
53．考查动词辨析。句意：我一看到这个小东西就原谅了乌鸦。A. hated憎恨；B. respected尊敬；C. admired钦佩；D. forgave宽恕，原谅。从上文乌鸦来到作者的后院安了家，吵到了他们，非常生气。但看到这只小乌鸦就宽恕（forgive）了它们。故选D。
54．考查形容词辨析。句意：但我也很感激我能近距离地看到这大自然的一点神奇。它很神奇。A. pitiful可怜的；B. grateful感激的；C. painful痛苦的；D. careful仔细的，小心的。根据上句可知，“作者从来都不是一个喜欢鸟的人。作者希望他们选择另一个后院。但根据but可知，虽然作者是个从不喜欢鸟的人，却因为小乌鸦的可爱，而感激（grateful）大自然能让作者近距离观察到它。故选B。
55．考查动词辨析。句意：这段经历也增强了我想要创造一个美丽的后院花园的愿望。A. discouraged阻止；B. ensured确保；C. strengthened，增强。加强；D. proved证明。根据语境可知，此处是指看见小乌鸦的经历让作者有了增强streghtened了建立一个美丽花园的愿望，故选C。
C
（三湘名校教育联盟 五市十校教研教改共同体 2021届高三11月大联考）
话题：爱的传递
难度：★★★
建议用时：6分钟
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On my third birthday, we moved to this neighborhood. Arlene and her husband, Bill, lived next door, who had no children. There weren't any _ 41 my age nearby, so I mostly played in the yard alone. Arlene and Bill spent a lot of time working in the 42 , and I was always talking to them from our yard. They were never tired of listening to me. I think what 43 me to them is that I also think they saw a lot of themselves in me- we were all lonely kids. It was a wonderful 44 .
When I was about five, I had an idea 45 I took Bill and Arlene into our family as my grandparents. My parents made the 46 that I should ask them directly and so I did. They started crying and 47 accepted. It is truly wonderful for a child 48 her love and adults being so overjoyed to accept it. Every child in this world 49 enthusiastically repaid love.
From the day I accepted them, I called Bill and Arlene Grandpa and Grandma and my parents called them Mom and Dad. Over the years, Bill and Arlene 50 me in all my dreams. They encouraged me to 51 college, even though I didn't have the money to go. And when I was 52 to a university, they presented me with their savings. They told me they’d been 53 money since the day I called them grandparents. Four years later, I 54 and now
work as an official.
Arlene passed away in 2013. Bill told me that Arlene thought the greatest 55 of her life was me, her granddaughter.
41. A. relatives
B. friends
C. classmates
D. kids
42. A. farm
B. factory
C. garden
D. office
43. A. introduced
B. urged
C. left
D. drew
44. A. occasion
B. connection
C. performance
D. conversation
45. A. if only
B. even if
C+ as though
D. how come
46. A. change
B, rule
C. proposal
D. mistake
47. A. modestly
B. honestly
C. emotionally
D. peacefully
48. A. offering
B. concerning
C. obtaining
D. managing
49. A. presents
B. deserves
C. denies
D. demands
50. A. supported
B. impressed
C. comforted
D. persuaded
51. A. apply for
B. move to
C. give up
D. look into
52.A. used
B. admitted
C. known
D. limited
53. A. handing out
B. turning in
C. taking over
D. putting away
54. A. graduated
B. regretted
C. quitted
D. hesitated
55. A. discrimination
B. achievement
C. responsibility
D. happiness
【答案解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。一个孩子献出她的爱，大人高兴地接受并报之以李，回报孩子应得的热烈的爱。
41.D【解析】考查名词。附近没有“我”这个年龄的孩子。
42.C【解析】考查名词。阿琳和比尔花了很多时间在花园里干活，“我”总是在我们的院子里和他们聊天。
43.D【解析】考查动词。“我”想，吸引他们的是他们在“我”身上看到了自己的影子。
44.B【解析】考查名词。这是一种美妙的联系。
45.A【解析】考查连接词。在“我”五岁的时候，“我”有了一个想法，如果“我”能把比尔和阿琳带进我们家，做“我”的祖父母该多好。
46.C【解析】考查名词。“我”的父母建议我直接问他们，所以“我”做了。
47.C【解析】考查副词。他们哭了起来，激动地接受了。
48.A【解析】考查动词。一个孩子献出她的爱，而大人如此高兴地接受，这真是太好了。
49.B【解析】考查动词。这个世界上的每个孩子都应该得到热烈的爱。
50.A【解析】考查动词。这些年来，比尔和阿琳支持“我”所有的梦想。
51.A【解析】考查动词短语。尽管“我”没有钱上大学，他们还是鼓励“我”申请大学。
52.B【解析】考查动词。当“我”被一所大学录取时，他们给了“我”他们的存款。
53.D【解析】考查动词短语。他们告诉“我”，从“我”叫他们爷爷奶奶的那一天起，他们就开始存钱了。
54.A【解析】考查动词。四年后，“我”毕业了，现在是一名公务员。
55.D【解析】考查名词。阿琳于2013年去世。比尔告诉“我”，阿琳认为她生命中最大的快乐就是“我”，她的孙女。
D
（2020·辽宁中山·大连二十四中高三其他）
话题：作者对儿子的担忧和愿望
难度：★★★
建议用时：7分
A parent’s hopes for 2030
When 2010 arrived, my son was only a year old—tiny and 1 , the master of a few basic words, but still mostly the baby we'd welcomed into the world, 2 all his first times.
Now my baby has grown into a(n) 3 —tall, strong, stout, and smart, a(n) 4 of Akira Kurosawa samurai movies.
A 5 from now, in 2030, he will be an adult. I expect the next 10 years to fly by, and be filled with 6 . As 2020 begins. I am thinking about the kind of world my son will 7 and experience. I 8 for him, and for all the young people of his age. So I have several 9 for the world my son and his generation will live in：
I hope we finally get 10 about climate change. Polar ice is melting. The oceans are 11 . The question is 12 whether we can stop climate change, but whether we’re willing and able to do anything to 13 it.
I’m not sure what a warming planet will mean for my son's life. I 14 it means he will live in a world where nations and groups 15 limited resources like clean water and food, which means that the danger of climate change won't come just from warmer climate, but from other humans competing for control over what’s 16 .
The world is always going to be full of 17 about how to solve the challenges we face. I hope, too, that my son’s generation learns to 18 justice—but to do so with big heart and humility, recognizing our common humanity(人性) even with people who 19 us.
The world of 2030 won’t build itself. We are 20 it now, so my final wish is that we build the kind of world we actually want our children to live in.
1．A．special B．generous C．intelligent D．dependent
2．A．observing B．showing C．presenting D．congratulating
3．A．athlete B．adolescent C．adult D．kid
4．A．fun B．sponsor C．lover D．reader
5．A．interval B．century C．span D．decade
6．A．amusements B．experiences C．processes D．changes
7．A．found B．struggle C．face D．shake
8．A．worry B．sacrifice C．guess D．promise
9．A．plans B．methods C．hopes D．tips
10．A．particular B．serious C．optimistic D．enthusiastic
11．A．raising B．rising C．growing D．arising
12．A．for sure B．as usual C．no longer D．till now
13．A．slow B．record C．accept D．undertake
14．A．suspect B．astonish C．wonder D．declare
15．A．pick up B．fight over C．turn down D．take part
16．A．finished B．continued C．remained D．left
17．A．goals B．signs C．disagreements D．results
18．A．escape B．express C．seek D．affect
19．A．differ from B．agree with C．refer to D．call for
20．A．blaming B．admiring C．proving D．creating
【答案解析】
文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者对十年后的和儿子将来所处的世界的担忧和愿望。
1．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2010年到来的时候，我的儿子只有一岁——个头很小而且依赖人，还会说一些基本的单词，但基本上还是我们迎接到这个世界的宝宝，观察他所有的第一次。A. special特别的；B. generous慷慨的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. dependent依赖的。结合上文my son was only a year old可知作者的儿子才一岁，个头很小，还很依赖人。故选D。
2．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：2010年到来的时候，我的儿子只有一岁——个头很小而且依赖人，还会说一些基本的单词，但基本上还是我们迎接到这个世界的宝宝，观察他所有的第一次。A. observing观察；B. showing展示；C. presenting呈现；D. congratulating恭喜。结合后文all his first times可知作者他们观察着儿子所有的第一次。其它选项不符合语境。故选A。
3．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我的宝宝已经长成了一个青少年，又高又壮，又聪明，是黑泽明武士电影的爱好者。A. athlete运动员；B. adolescent青少年；C. adult成年人；D. kid孩子。结合后文in 2030, he will be an adult.可知儿子2030年才是成年人，那么如今儿子是一个青少年了，故选B。
4．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我的宝宝已经长成了一个青少年，又高又壮，又聪明，是黑泽明武士电影的爱好者。A. fun乐趣；B. sponsor赞助者；C. lover爱好者，爱人；D. reader读者。结合上文tall, strong, stout, and smart主要在形容儿子的特点，此处应当是在介绍儿子的兴趣爱好，是黑泽明武士电影的爱好者。故选C。
5．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：从现在起十年，也就是2030年，他将是一个成年人。A. interval间隔；B. century世纪；C. span跨度；D. decade十年。结合后文I expect the next 10 years可知是指十年后。故选D。
6．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：我期待未来的十年飞逝而过，充满变化。A. amusements娱乐；B. experiences经历；C. processes过程；D. changes改变。儿子从一岁到十年后长大成人，十年飞逝而过，其中充满了变化。故选D。
7．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在想我儿子将要面对和经历的世界。A. found找到；B. struggle挣扎；C. face面对；D. shake摇晃。结合后文and experience可推知作者在思考自己的儿子即将面对和经历的这个世界。故选C。
8．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为他和所有同年龄的年轻人担心。A. worry担心；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. guess猜测；D. promise承诺。根据后文作者对这个世界现存的问题提出的希望可知，作者担心自己的儿子和所有同年龄的年轻人。故选A。
9．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我对我儿子和他那一代人将要生活的世界有几个希望。A. plans计划；B. methods方法；C. hopes希望；D. tips建议。结合后文I hope we finally get可知作者对儿子那一代人将要生活的世界有几个希望。故选C。
10．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我们最终能认真对待气候变化问题。A. particular特别的；B. serious严肃的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. enthusiastic热情的。结合后文about climate change可知是指认真对待气候变化。短语be serious about“认真对待……”。故选B。
11．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：海平面正在上升。A. raising上升，抚养；B. rising上升；C. growing生长；D. arising出现。根据上文Polar ice is melting.可知海平面正在上升。raise是及物动词，后面必须加宾语，即动作的对象，而rise是不及物动词，后面不需要加宾语。此处后文没有宾语，故要用rise。故选B。
12．C考查介词短语辨析。句意：问题不再是我们是否能够阻止气候变化，而是我们是否愿意，并且能够采取任何措施来减缓气候变化。A. for sure确实；B. as usual像往常一样；C. no longer不再；D. till now到现在为止。结合后文but whether we’re willing and able to do anything to可知作者认为问题不再（no longer）是我们是否能够阻止气候变化，而是我们是否愿意，并且能够采取任何措施来减缓气候变化。故选C。
13．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：问题不再是我们是否能够阻止气候变化，而是我们是否愿意，并且能够采取任何措施来减缓气候变化。A. slow放慢；B. record记录；C. accept接受；D. undertake承担。后文it指代气候变化，无法阻止那么只能采取措施来减缓气候变化。故选A。
14．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我怀疑这意味着他将生活在一个国家和团体，为清洁的水和食物等有限资源而争斗的世界里，这意味着气候变化的危险不仅仅来自于变暖的气候，而是来自于其他人类为控制剩下的资源而竞争。A. suspect怀疑；B. astonish使惊讶；C. wonder想知道；D. declare宣布。结合上文I’m not sure what a warming planet will mean for my son's life.可知作者怀疑儿子将生活在一个国家和团体，为清洁的水和食物等有限资源而争斗的世界里。故选A。
15．B考查动词短语辨析。句意：我怀疑这意味着他将生活在一个国家和团体，为清洁的水和食物等有限资源而争斗的世界里，这意味着气候变化的危险不仅仅来自于变暖的气候，而是来自于其他人类为控制剩下的资源而竞争。A. pick up捡起；B. fight over为……斗争；C. turn down关小；D. take part参与。结合后文other humans competing for control over what’s可知此处指国家和团体为清洁的水和食物等有限资源而争斗。故选B。
16．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我怀疑这意味着他将生活在一个国家和团体，为清洁的水和食物等有限资源而争斗的世界里，这意味着气候变化的危险不仅仅来自于变暖的气候，而是来自于其他人类为控制剩下的资源而竞争。A. finished结束；B. continued继续；C. remained提醒；D. left留下，离开。上文中提到了limited resources可知气候变化的危害不仅仅来自海平面上升，更有人类为了掌控剩下的资源的竞争。故选D。
17．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于如何解决我们面临的挑战，这个世界总是充满了争论。A. goals目标；B. signs标志；C. disagreements争论，分歧；D. results结果。本段仍旧在提出世界面临的问题和希望，结合后文about how to solve the challenges we face可知此处应该是人类关于应对挑战的争论。故选C。
18．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也希望我儿子这一代能学会寻求正义，但要以宽大的胸怀和谦卑的态度去做，要认识到我们共同的人性，即使是与我们不同的人。A. escape逃走；B. express表达；C. seek寻找；D. affect影响。结合后文justice可知此处指寻求正义。故选C。
19．A考查动词短语辨析。句意：我也希望我儿子这一代能学会寻求正义，但要以宽大的胸怀和谦卑的态度去做，要认识到我们共同的人性，即使是与我们不同的人。A. differ from不同于；B. agree with同意；C. refer to涉及；D. call for要求。结合上文recognizing our common humanity even with people who可知要意识到共同的人性，即使是与我们不同的人，even表示前后的转折。故选A。
20．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正在创造它，所以我的最后一个愿望是，我们要建造一个我们希望我们的孩子生活在其中的世界。A. blaming责备；B. admiring钦佩；C. proving证明；D. creating创造。结合上文The world of 2030 won’t build itself.可知此处指我们正在创造2030年的世界，故选D。
E
话题：美国初创公司如何帮助贫困地区的人民
难度：★★★
建议用时：7分钟
（2020·安徽高三二模） Rwanda is a small country in East Africa with about more than 13 million people. The landlocked country is one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. 1 , almost half of the population still live in poverty.
Many people live in 2 where there is no doctor. Medical supplies such as 3 , vaccines (疫苗) or even blood are 4 to reach these areas.
Zipline, an American start-up company, now helps people in remote areas to get better 5 . A multinational team of engineers has been 6 to build a drone (无人机) that can deliver medicine to where it is most needed.
Rwanda is where their plans have been met with 7 from the government and the country’s civil aviation (民用航空) authority.
“Rwanda is the first country to 8 us through the design process of the drone to figure out how to do this,” said Keenan Wyrobek, a 9 of Zipline.
If a hospital or a 10 is in an area that is difficult to 11 , the Zipline drone can deliver the medical supplies easily and much quicker than via road transport.
Doctors or healthcare workers just need to send a 12 to the base station and the delivery will be dispatched (派遣) via drone quickly and 13 . So the vital supplies are dropped off by the drone where the items are 14 . Now it only takes 30 minutes from the time the 15 is placed to the delivery.
“I used to see the drones fly and think they must be 16 until the same drone came to me and saved my 17 . They are amazing,” said Alice Mutimutuje, a mother who fell seriously ill once.
The drones have already successfully completed more than 12,000 18 in the last years. In January 2019, the company 19 their project in Africa and the 29 million people in the West Africa Ghana will soon benefit from this new 20 , too.
1．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．However D．Moreover
2．A．botanic gardens B．city centres C．department stores D．remote areas
3．A．medicines B．muscles C．headaches D．thoughts
4．A．likely B．difficult C．enough D．certain
5．A．health care B．road conditions C．food providers D．public education
6．A．dismissed B．organized C．imitated D．defeated
7．A．approval B．curiosity C．discrimination D．strangers
8．A．catch up with B．operate on C．run away from D．work with
9．A．pilot B．doctor C．designer D．driver
10．A．school B．clinic C．grocery D．market
11．A．construct B．describe C．understand D．access
12．A．team B．message C．present D．ticket
13．A．emotionally B．patiently C．effectively D．privately
14．A．needed B．discovered C．produced D．exported
15．A．table B．file C．emphasis D．order
16．A．kind B．real C．curious D．useless
17．A．soul B．life C．children D．mother
18．A．novels B．forms C．deliveries D．applications
19．A．identified B．abandoned C．expanded D．observed
20．A．technology B．recreation C．headline D．surgeon
【答案解析】
文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国初创公司Zipline通过无人机递送药品，帮助卢旺达偏远地区的人们获得更好的医疗保健。
1．C考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，几乎一半的人口仍然生活在贫困之中。A. Otherwise否则；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Moreover而且。由上一句“这个内陆国家是非洲增长最快的经济体之一。”可知。本句与上句是转折关系，应用However。故选C项。
2．D考查名词短语辨析。句意：许多人住在没有医生的偏远地区。A. botanic gardens植物园；B. city centres市中心；C. department stores百货公司；D. remote areas偏远地区。由下文的where there is no doctor，医疗用品很难到达这些地区和helps people in remote areas可知，许多人住在没有医生的偏远地区。故选D项。
3．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：药品、疫苗、甚至血液等医疗用品很难到达这些地区。A. medicines药；B. muscles肌肉；C. headaches头疼；D. thoughts想法。由上文的Medical supplies可知，此处指药品。故选A项。
4．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：药品、疫苗、甚至血液等医疗用品很难到达这些地区。A. likely可能的；B. difficult困难的；C. enough足够的；D. certain确实的。由上文语境可知，偏远地区没医生，可推断出医疗用品也很难到达这些地区。故选B项。
5．A考查名词短语辨析。句意：美国初创公司Zipline现在帮助偏远地区的人们获得更好的医疗保健。A. health care医疗保健；B. road conditions道路状况；C. food providers食品供应商；D. public education公共教育。由下文的A multinational team of engineers has been ____6____ to build a drone (无人机) that can deliver medicine to where it is most needed可知，美国初创公司Zipline通过无人机递送药品，帮助卢旺达偏远地区的人们获得更好的医疗保健。故选A项。
6．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国初创公司Zipline已经组织了一支多国工程师小组来制造一种无人机，可以将药物运送到最需要的地方。A. dismissed解雇；B. organized组织；C. imitated模仿；D. defeated打败。根据 build a drone (无人机) that can deliver medicine to where it is most needed.可知，此处指美国初创公司Zipline组织了一支多国工程师小组来制造一种无人机去递送药品，帮助卢旺达偏远地区的人们。故选B项。
7．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：在卢旺达，他们的计划得到了政府和该国民航局的批准。A. approval批准；B. curiosity好奇；C. discrimination歧视；D. strangers陌生人。由下文的The drones have already successfully completed more than 12,000 ____18____in the last years可知，在过去几年里已经成功完成了12000多架无人机的交付，说明美国初创公司Zipline和卢旺达开启了合作，他们的计划得到了政府和该国民航局的批准。故选A项。
8．D考查动词短语辨析。句意：“卢旺达是第一个通过无人机的设计过程与我们合作，弄清楚如何做到这一点的国家，”Zipline的设计师Keenan Wyrobek说。A. catch up with赶上；B. operate on产生作用；C. run away from逃离；D. work with与……合作 。由上文语境可知，卢旺达政府和该国民航局批准了美国初创公司Zipline的计划，可推断出他们也在某些方面开展了合作。故选D项。
9．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：“卢旺达是第一个通过无人机的设计过程与我们合作，弄清楚如何做到这一点的国家，”Zipline的设计师Keenan Wyrobek说。A. pilot飞行员；B. doctor医生；C. designer设计师；D. driver司机。由上文的the design process of the drone可知，Keenan Wyrobek是无人机设计师。故选C项。
10．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果医院或诊所位于一个难以进入的地区，那么与公路运输相比，Zipline无人机可以方便快捷地运送医疗用品。A. school学校；B. clinic诊所；C. grocery杂货店；D. market市场。由上文的a hospital or可知，or表选择关系，该空内容应与a hospital相似，此处应指诊所。故选B项。
11．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果医院或诊所位于一个难以进入的地区，那么与公路运输相比，Zipline无人机可以方便快捷地运送医疗用品。A. construct建造；B. describe描述；C. understand理解；D. access进入。由上文语境可知，美国初创公司Zipline通过无人机递送药品，帮助卢旺达医疗用品难以到达的偏远地区的人们获得更好的医疗保健，所以此处指难以进入的地区。故选D项。
12．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生或医护人员只需向基站发送一条信息，就可以通过无人机快速有效地传递。A. team组；B. message信息；C. present礼物；D. ticket票。由常识和下文的the base station（基站）可知，基站是接受发/送信息的地方，此处指向基站发送信息。故选B项。
13．C考查副词词义辨析。句意：医生或医护人员只需向基站发送一条信息，就可以通过无人机快速有效地传递。A. emotionally情感上；B. patiently耐心地；C. effectively有效地；D. privately私下地。由上文的quickly和下文的Now it only takes 30 minutes from the time the ____15____ is placed to the delivery可知，无人机只需30分钟就可完成递送医疗物资这项任务，说明通过无人机递送医疗物资快速且有效。故选C项。
14．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以重要的物资被无人机送到需要的地方。A. needed需要；B. discovered发现；C. produced生产；D. exported出口。由全文语境可知，无人机递送药品给卢旺达需要医疗用品却难以到达的偏远地区的人们，所以此处指重要的医疗物资被无人机送到需要的地方（卢旺达需要医疗用品却难以到达的偏远地区）。故选A项。
15．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在从下订单到交货只需30分钟。A. table桌子；B. file文件；C. emphasis强调；D. order订单。由全文语境可知，卢旺达偏远地区医疗用品难以到达，所以需要无人机配送，医生或医护人员向基站发送信息是为了下订单，以便无人机进行医疗物资配送。故选D项。
16．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：以前我看到无人机飞起来，觉得它们一定没用，直到同一架无人机来救我的命，我才改变了观点。A. kind善良的；B. real真正的；C. curious好奇的；D. useless无用的。由下文的until the same drone came to me and saved my ____17____可知，Alice Mutimutuje以前觉得无人机没用，直到无人机救了她的命，她对无人机的想法才有所改观。故选D项。
17．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：以前我看到无人机飞起来，觉得它们一定没用，直到同一架无人机来救我的命，我才改变了观点。A. soul灵魂；B. life生命；C. children孩子；D. mother母亲。由下文的Alice Mutimutuje, a mother who fell seriously ill once可知，Alice Mutimutuje曾经病重，说明无人机救了她的命，她现在病好了。故选B项。
18．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些无人机在过去几年里已经成功完成了12000多架飞机的递送。A. novels小说；B. forms形式；C. deliveries递送；D. applications申请。由上文的“美国初创公司Zipline和卢旺达开启了无人机合作”和The drones have already successfully completed可知，此处指在过去几年里已经成功完成了12000多架无人机的递送。故选C。
19．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年1月，该公司扩大了在非洲的项目，西非加纳的2900万人也将很快从这项新技术中受益。A. identified确认；B. abandoned抛弃；C. expanded扩大；D. observed观察。由下文的the 29 million people in the West Africa Ghana will soon benefit from this new____20____, too可知，除了卢旺达偏远地区的人们，西非加纳的2900万人也会从无人机项目中受益，说明该公司扩大了在非洲的项目。故选C项。
20．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019年1月，该公司扩大了在非洲的项目，西非加纳的2900万人也将很快从这项新技术中受益。A. technology技术；B. recreation娱乐；C. headline标题；D. surgeon外科医生。由全文语境可知，无人机项目帮助了卢旺达偏远地区的人们获得更好的医疗服务，该公司现在扩大了在非洲的无人机项目，说明西非加纳的2900万人也会从无人机这项技术中受益。故选A项。
F
话题：公司留住老客户的重要性
难度：★★★
建议用时：7分钟
（2020·浙江绍兴·高三一模） Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds 1 and achievable. But, 2 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 3 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become 4 . They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 5 that the customer remains a customer.
6 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing 7 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any 8 how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 9 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 10 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 11 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a 2 customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 13 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 14 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
The logic behind cultivating customer 15 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 16 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a 17 relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 18 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 19 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 20 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
1．A．simple B．difficult C．tough D．complicated
2．A．in particular B．in reality C．at least D．first of all
3．A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe
4．A．carried away B．carried back C．carried on D．carried through
5．A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving
6．A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing
7．A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses
8．A．thought B．idea C．opinion D．view
9．A．culture B．social C．financial D．economical
10．A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference
11．A．cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget
12．A．usual B．ordinary C．common D．regular
13．A．as a result B．on the whole C．in conclusion D．on the contrary
14．A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable
15．A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest
16．A．altering B．understanding C．keeping D．attracting
17．A．close B．distant C．deep D．shallow
18．A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected
19．A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive
20．A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient
【答案解析】
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老客户，并说明留住老客户的重要性。
1．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来简单易行。A. simple简单的；B. difficult困难的；C. tough艰难的；D. complicated复杂的。根据 achievable.可知，虽听起来简单易行。但在现实中，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。故选A。
2．B考查介词短语辨析。句意：但在现实中，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。A. in particular特殊地，特别地；B. in reality事实上；C. at least至少；D. first of all首先。根据前文Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers以及空前的but判断应事实并不那么简单。故选B。
3．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦公司吸引了顾客，他们往往忽略了故事的后半部分。A. emphasize强调；B. doubt怀疑；C. overlook俯瞰，眺望，忽略；D. believe相信。根据下文They forget可知，成功吸引顾客之后，常常会忽略故事的另一部分。故选C。
4．A考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在击败竞争对手、谈判价格、获得订单和交付产品的兴奋中，经理们往往变得忘乎所以。A. carried away忘乎所以；B. carried back回想；C.carried on坚持，继续；D. carried through进行。根据下文They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— ___5___ that the customer remains a customer. 他们忘记了他们认为是无聊一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。由此可知，此处表示经理会忘乎所以。故选A。
5．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们忘记了他们认为是无聊一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。A. denying拒绝；B. ensuring确信，确保；C. arguing争吵；D. proving 证明。他们忘记了他们认为是无聊一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。故选B。
6．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：未能像吸引顾客那样保留住顾客，真地让公司损失大量资金。A. Moving移动；B. Hoping希望；C. Starting开始；D. Failing未能。fail to do sth未能做某事。如果不能集中精力留住和吸引客户，每年都会给企业带来巨额损失。故选D。
7．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：在持续变化的市场上，这是不令人吃惊的。A. markets市场；B. tastes味道；C. prices价格；D. expenses花费。此文讲的是公司做生意，故应是市场。选A。
8．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户。A. thought 想法；B. idea主意；C. opinion看法；D. view观点。have an/any idea为固定搭配，意为“知道”。这里指很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户。故选B。
9．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到现在，组织才开始意识到那些失去的机会，并计算其对财务的影响。A. culture文化；B. social社交的，社会的；C. financial金融的；D. economical经济的。根据上文可知，很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户。所以会对财务产生影响。financial implication财务影响。故选C。
10．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：减少一个公司失去的客户数量会对它的业绩产生很大的影响。A. promise承诺；B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. difference区别，意义。make a difference有影响，有关系。这里指对业绩有很大的影响。故选D。
11．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：百分之十五的流失的客户导致预算增长在25 - 85%之间。A. cost 费用；B. opportunity机会；C. profit利润；D. budget预算。根据常识可知，顾客的流失会带来公司预算的增加，故选C。
12．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在美国，多米诺比萨估计一个老顾客在十年内价值超过5000美元。A. usual 通常的； B. ordinary 不同的；C. common共同的； D. regular惯常的。根据下文A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and ___13___ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in ___14___ profits。如果客户第一次来公司就收到了质量很差的产品或服务，结果就再也不回来了，公司就会损失数千美元的潜在利润，可知，此处讲的是老顾客的重要性。regular customers为固定用法，意为“老顾客；常客”。故选D。
13．A考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：如果一个顾客第一次拜访就得到了质量差的产品或服务，结果就是在也不会回来。A. as a result结果；B. on the whole总体来讲；C. in conclusion总之；D. on the contrary相反。空后是前文的结果，故应选A。
14．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么他就会让公司损失数千美元的潜在利润。A. huge巨大的；B. potential潜在的；C. extra额外的；D. reasonable 合情合理的。由上文可知，一个老顾客在十年内价值超过5000美元。所以没有回头客，会损失潜在的利润。故选B。
15．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养客户忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可否认的。A. beliefs相信；B. loyalty忠诚；C. habits习惯；D. interest兴趣。根据上文可知，留不住老客户让公司损失数千美元的潜在利润，所以要培养客户忠诚度。故选B。
16．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，大多数公司的营销努力都集中在争取客户上，而很少注意到如何留住客户。A. altering改变；B. understanding理解；C. keeping保持，留住；D. attracting吸引。根据focused on getting customers, with little attention paid可知，此处应留住顾客。故选C。
17．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“研究表明，在留住客户和盈利之间存在着一种密切的关系。A. close亲密的；B. distant远处的；C. deep深的；D. shallow浅的。根据下文___18___ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.可知，留住老客户，与客户维护好关系非常重要。故选A。
18．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与新客户相比，老客户倾向于购买更多、可预测且通常服务成本更低。A. Assumed假定的，假想的；B. Respected受尊重的；C. Established已建立的；D. Unexpected意想不到的。根据than new customers这里指已建立的顾客，也就是老顾客。故选C。
19．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们往往对价格不太敏感，可能会提供免费的口碑广告。A. agreeable一致的；B. flexible灵活的；C. friendly友好的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据啥常识和购物经验可知，老顾客往往对价格不太敏感。price sensitive价格敏感性。故选D。
20．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：留住客户也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。A. unfair不公平的；B. difficult困难的；C. essential重要的；D. convenient方便的。根据Retaining customers 可知，留住客户也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。故选B。