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(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点09 阅读理解（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）
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这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点09 阅读理解（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）
热点09 阅读理解【命题趋势】1. 考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。2. 理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。3. 信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。4. 句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。5. 体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。【满分技巧】一、细节理解类题型一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except...4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which, etc...?二、推理判断类题型推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1. We can infer from the Passage that__________.2. What can be inferred from the Passage?3. Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.5. The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.6. The writer implies that__________.7. It can be inferred that__________.8. It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.9. On the whole, we can conclude that__________.10. From the text we can conclude that__________.11. After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.12. What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13. The author is inclined to think that__________.14. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________.15. What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?16. In the writer’s opinion,...三、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年英语高考题中均有此类题目，有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义。四、主旨大意类题型主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：（一）阅读文章的标题或副标题文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）寻找文章的主题句分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1. 相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2. 主题句一般结构简单；3. 段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。【热点话题】应用文广告类、记叙文人物故事类、说明文科技环保类、议论文社会现象类【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2020·山东昌乐二中高三期末）This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!What Are We Talking About?Meet the new AirFreez! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!What Is So Special About This Little Box?The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack.And the price is just amazing. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!How Can You Get An AirFreez?Here is how to get one— order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.5．Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?A．Smart but fragile. B．Costly but multi-functional.C．Foldable and durable. D．Handy and energy-saving.6．What can we learn about AirFreez?A．It costs less than $53. B．It requires no complex installation.C．It doesn’t consume electricity. D．It is a little larger than a lunch box.7．What is the purpose of this passage?A．To advertise Airfreez.B．To explain the functions of AirFreez.C．To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.D．To compare AirFreez with traditional AC．【答案】5．D6．B7．A【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一种新型便捷节能的空气冷却箱AirFreez。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!他们设计了这种轻便的便携式的空气冷却箱，它有使用非常少的电力和不会牺牲任何一个顶级AC模式等主要优点”可知AirFreez是方便和节能的，故D为正确答案。6．细节理解题。文章中没有提到具体价格，故A选项错误，由第三段中“It uses a very small amount of electricity”这句可知C选项错误，根据倒数第四段中“It is no larger than a lunchbox.”这句可知D选项错误，根据倒数第三段“No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills.没有杂乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费”，可知AirFreez不需要复杂的安装，故B为正确答案。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here is how to get one— order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE这是如何下单的方式：从官网下单可享受最佳价格”可知这篇文章的目的是为AirFreez做广告，故答案为A选项。B（2020·山东高三三模） Teenagers may not know the name Kevin Mayer, but he's about to play an outsize role in their lives.The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok (抖音).In doing so, Mayer will lake charge of an app whose influence over a lot of people has made it one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era.Mayer has been with Disney since the early 1990s—minus a period as the CEO of Playboy.com—and he’s helped to acquire some important brands in film industry. More recently he's become known for his key role in the launch of the ll-important Disney Plus streaming service.Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek，who ran Disney' theme parks unit.Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise,but his move to TikTok is unexpected. The app, owned by China-based ByteDance, is at a crucial moment in its short history—seeing enormous growth during the pandemic lockdowns but facing increasing criticism over its data-collection practices. As it rises in influence ,the company will surely face a growing drumbeat of intense media and strict monitoring.In contrast, Disney has never been more delicate, with the coronavinus pandemic having broken nearly all of its core business units, from the close down of theme parks and movie theaters to ongoing interruptions to its production schedules. Mayer，whatever else is motivating the move, is hopping( 跳) to another position at a proper time.11．What's the text mainly about?A．The job-hopping of a CEO.B．The rising influence of TikTok.C．The decline of the Walt Disney Company .D．The intense competition between companies.12．What's the likely reason for Mayer's departure from Disney?A．He had been offered a higher salaryB．He wasn't qualified for his previous job.C．He preferred a new career concerning teenagers.D．He failed to succeed Bob Iger as a CEO of Disney.13．What do we know about TikTok according to the text?A．Potential but delicate. B．Profitable but immoral.C．Popular but controversial. D．Professional but addictive.14．What is the purpose of the text?A．To advertise for Disney. B．To report of news.C．To recommend a new app. D．To compare two companies.【答案】11．A12．D13．C14．B【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok”可知，迪士尼公司的长期领导者（凯文梅耶尔）刚刚成为抖音的CEO，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，故A项正确。12．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek”可知，梅耶尔被认为是即将卸任的CEO鲍勃伊格尔的潜在继任者之一，但他被鲍勃查贝克所取代， 紧接着第五段第一句“Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise”说梅耶尔离开迪士尼也许并不奇怪，由此可知，梅耶尔离开迪士尼是因为他没能接替鲍勃·伊格尔成为迪斯尼的CEO，故D项正确。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era”可知，抖音平台极具影响力（很受欢迎）但备受争议，故C项正确。14．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，是一篇新闻报道，因此文章的目的就是报道梅耶尔跳槽的新闻，故B项正确。C（天津市宝坻一中2019届高三第三次模拟）I Was the Doughnut LadyIn university I had a part-time job at a shop that sold doughnut s and coffee. Situated on a block where several buses stopped, it served the people who had a few minutes to wait for their bus.Every afternoon around four o'clock, a group of school children would burst into the shop, and business would come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. But I didn't mind if the children waited for their bus inside. Sometimes I would hand out a bus fare when a ticket went missing-always repaid the next day. On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts. I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived.I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives—until one afternoon when a man came and asked if I was the girl working on weekdays around four o'clock. He identified himself as the father of two of my favorites.“I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.” I told him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only received a title, but became a landmark. Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children. They become, well, Doughnut Ladies. Like the men a t the skating rink, who let my boys ring home; Or the bus driver who drove my daughter to her stop at the end of the route at night but wouldn't leave until I arrived to pick her up; Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work—even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. “Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?”That wasn't a police car. That was a Doughnut Lady.1．According to the passage, the author sometimes ______.A．sold bus tickets to the children B．gave the children free doughnutsC．did business with the children's help D．called the children's parents to pick them up2．By saying “...it wasn't a big deal (Para. 4),” the author meant that ______.A．she hadn't done anything significantB．she hadn't spent much time with the childrenC．she hadn't made a lot of money from the childrenD．she hadn't found it hard to get along with the children3．What can we learn about the police officer? ______A．He took the boys to the police station.B．He helped the boys look for their mother.C．He drove the boys back home in a police car.D．He managed to make sure of the boys' identity.4．Why did the neighbors call the next day?A．They called to comfort them.B．They tried to make sure they were fine.C．They wanted to confirm it was really a police car.D．They wondered what the police brought them on such a rainy night.5．The passage suggests that ______.A．running a business requires skill B．taking responsibility is a moral virtueC．devotion should be everything in life D．there are always no small acts of kindness.【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．B5．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职，每天下午都会来一群学生，作者让他们在店里等车，有时还会给他们免费的甜甜圈，作者不觉得这是什么大事，直到一位孩子的父亲某天来感激作者，说作者为他们做的事情意义重大。这也让作者想起了生活中无数微小但意义重大的善举。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts.(在下雪天，我会分发一些甜甜圈)”可知，作者有时会给孩子们免费的甜甜圈。故选B。2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives(我从来没有想过我在他们的生活中扮演了重要的角色)”；第四段中“I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.(我想让你知道我很感激你为我的孩子们所做的一切。我担心他们坐两辆公共汽车回家。他们可以在这里等着，你可以看着他们，这对他们来说意义重大。当他们和甜甜圈女郎在一起时，我知道他们是安全的)”以及“I told him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.(我告诉他这没什么大不了的，我很喜欢孩子们)”可推知，作者不觉得自己给来店里的孩子甜甜圈是什么大事，也没想过自己在他们的生活中扮演了重要的角色，只是因为喜欢孩子，故作者这句话的意思是“她做的不是什么大事”。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?(我昨晚在你家看到的是一辆警车吗？)”可推知，这位警官用警车把孩子们送回家。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work—even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. ‘Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?’(还有那位好心的警官，他同情我的孩子们在我上班的时候冒雨走回家，尽管隔天电话铃响个不停，都是好奇的邻居打来的。他们问‘我昨晚在你家看到的是一辆警车吗？’)”可知，第二天邻居打电话来，是因为他们试图确保他们没事。故选B。5．推理判断题。根据文章主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职，每天下午都会来一群学生，作者让他们在店里等车，有时还会给他们免费的甜甜圈，作者不觉得这是什么大事，直到一位孩子的父亲某天来感激作者，说作者为他们做的事情意义重大。这也让作者想起了生活中无数微小但意义重大的善举。可推知，文章表明，善行总是无小事。故选D。D（2020·天津耀华中学高三一模） A remote control is seemingly capable of invisible magic to most of us. We just assume it should. And the longer a given technology exits, the more we take it for granted.Consider for a moment a split screen showing modem remote control users versus the first remote control users: the original users would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device. The modern users would be leaning on a sofa, pointing the remote any which way instinctively （本能的）feeling for the button they desired, intuiting（凭直觉知道）its size,shape, and position on the remote.Humans are known for being handy with tools, so it is no surprise that we get so comfortable with our technology. However, as we become increasingly comfortable with how to use new technologies, we become less aware of how they work. Most people who use modern technology know nothing of its underlying science. They have spent neither mental nor financial resources on its development. And yet, rather than be humbled（使谦逊）by its originality, we consumers often become unfairly demanding of what our technology Should do for us.Many of the landmark inventions of the twentieth century followed predictable tracks: initial versions of each technology (television, video games, computers, cell phones, etc.) succeeded in impressing the general public. Then, these wonderful new inventions quickly became commonplace. Soon, the focus of consumer attitudes towards them changed from gratitude with respect to discriminating preference.Televisions needed to be bigger and have a higher resolution. Video games needed to be more realistic. Computers needed to be more powerful yet smaller in size. Cell phones needed to be smaller yet capable of performing other tasks such as taking pictures, accessing the Internet, and even playing movies.For children of the last twenty years born into this modern life, these technological marvels seem like elements of the periodic table: a given ingredient that is simply part of the universe. Younger generations don't even try to imagine life without modem conveniences. They do not appreciate the unprecedented（史无前例的）technology that is in their possession; rather, they complain about the ways in which it fails to live up to ideal expectations. “My digital video recorder at home doesn't allow me to program it from my computer at work.” “It's taking too long for this interactive map to display on my portable GPS”.If it sounds as though we're never satisfied, we aren't. Of course, our complaints do actually motivate engineers to continually refine their products. After all. at the root of our tool-making instinct is the notion (观念）that “there must be a better way.” Thus, the shortcomings of any current version of technology are pinned on the limitations of its designers, and the expectation is that someone, somewhere is working on how to make the existing product even better.10．The second paragraph is used to suggest that______________.A．modem humans do not pay enough attention to instructionsB．remote controls have become far more effective over the yearsC．consumer behavior toward new forms of technology changes over timeD．the first consumers of new technology used new devices with ease and comfort11．The passage states that original users of remote controls likely__________.A．have no instinctive feeling for sizes and shapesB．press the buttons harder than it is necessaryC．don't trust on the effectiveness of remote controlD．have difficulty reading the names of the buttons12．Which of the following can illustrate people's discriminating preference?A．People take a given technology for granted.B．Consumers expect more powerful computers.C．Children lack patience with the shortcomings of technology.D．Original users unfairly demand of what technology should do.13．What does the underlined statement in paragraph 6 probably mean?A．Space exploration provides us with new technology.B．Adults learn technology while they are doing household chores.C．High expectation makes up for the limitation of technology designers.D．Consumers regard many technological inventions as unremarkable14．The writer thinks the way people consider technology____________.A．encourage designers' creativity B．limit humans’ productivityC．raise consumers' expectation D．guarantee users' satisfaction【答案】10．C11．B12．B13．D14．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了消费者对新技术形式的行为会随着时间的推移而改变。每种技术（电视、视频游戏、计算机、手机等）的最初版本成功地给大众留下了深刻的印象。然后，这些奇妙的新发明很快就变得司空见惯了。很快，消费者对他们的态度焦点从感恩转向歧视性偏好。当然，人们看待技术的方式确实鼓励了设计师的创造力。10．推理判断题。根据第二段the original users would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device. The modern users would be leaning on a sofa, pointing the remote any which way instinctively （本能的）feeling for the button they desired, intuiting（凭直觉知道）its size,shape, and position on the remote.（最初的用户会仔细地将遥控器对准电视机，阅读按钮的名称以找到正确的按钮，然后有意地以一种不会增加设备有效性的力度按下按钮。现代的用户可能会靠在沙发上，将遥控器指向任何方向，本能地感受他们想要的按钮，凭直觉判断遥控器的大小、形状和位置）可推知第二段是用来说明消费者对新技术形式的行为会随着时间的推移而改变。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据第二段the original users would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device.（最初的用户会仔细地将遥控器对准电视机，阅读按钮的名称以找到正确的按钮，然后有意地以一种不会增加设备有效性的力度按下按钮）可知文中指出，最初使用遥控器的用户按下按钮的力度可能比必要的更大。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据第四段Soon, the focus of consumer attitudes towards them changed from gratitude with respect to discriminating preference.（很快，消费者对他们的态度重心从感恩转向了歧视性偏好）和第五段Computers needed to be more powerful yet smaller in size.（计算机需要功能更强大但体积更小）可知“消费者期待更强大的电脑” 可以说明人们的歧视性偏好。故选B。13．词句猜测题。根据划线句后面的句子a given ingredient that is simply part of the universe. Younger generations don't even try to imagine life without modem conveniences. They do not appreciate the unprecedented（史无前例的）technology that is in their possession; rather, they complain about the ways in which it fails to live up to ideal expectations.（一个给定的成分，只是宇宙的一部分。年轻一代甚至不去想象没有现代便利设施的生活。他们不欣赏他们所拥有的前所未有的技术;相反，他们抱怨它无法达到理想的期望）可推知，划线的句子意思是消费者认为许多技术发明很平常。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段Of course, our complaints do actually motivate engineers to continually refine their products. （当然，我们的抱怨确实激励着工程师不断改进他们的产品）可推知作者认为人们看待技术的方式鼓励了设计师的创造力。故选A。E（2020·天津静海一中高三期末） In many aspects, nowadays business environment has changed greatly since the late 1980s. The end of the cold war completely altered the very nature of the world’s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation (解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. we have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both wall street and main street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away.At the same time, we have fully entered the information age, starting breakthroughs in information technology, which have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With amazing speed, the internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.As a consequence, we have truly entered the post-industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, attaches great importance to “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller’s market.Beyond the field of information technology, the increasing pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a great demand for continuous innovation (创新).New product, process, and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies-----innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.Another major trend has been the consumer and business markets. There’s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster, and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business’s ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers’ appetites for more and more specialized offerings.15．According to the first paragraph, the changes in the business environment in the past decades can be due to __________.A．technological advances B．worldwide economic disorderC．the fierce competition in industry D．the globalization of economy16．What idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph ?A．The rapid development of information technology has taken businessmen by surprise.B．The internet, intranets, e-mail, and portable computers have entered every corner of the world.C．Information technology has removed the restrictions of time and space in business transactions.D．The way we do business today has brought about startling breakthroughs in information technology.17．If a business wants to boom in the post-industrial economy, ________.A．it has to invest more capital in the training of free agents to operate in a seller’s marketB．it should try its best to satisfy the increasing demands of mobile knowledgeable peopleC．it should not overlook the importance of information, services, support, and distributionD．it has to provide each of its employees with the latest information about the changing market18．In the author’s view, destructive technologies are innovations which _________.A．demand a radical change in providing servicesB．can eliminate an entire businessC．may destroy the potential of a company to make any profitD．call for continuous improvement in ways of doing business19．With the consumer and business markets, ________.A．an increasing number of companies have broken downB．manufacturers must focus on one special product to remain competitive in the marketC．it is physically impossible and prohibitively expensive to do business in the old wayD．businesses have to meet individual customers’ specific needs in order to succeed【答案】15．D16．C17．C18．B19．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了如今商业环境发生了很大的变化，我们已经完全进入了信息时代。同时我们正在经历迅速的经济转变，除了信息技术领域外，几乎每个行业的技术变革步伐都在不断加快，这创造了全新的业务，消灭了其他行业，并产生了对持续创新的巨大需求。15．细节理解题。根据第一段中In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital.（在短短的几年时间里，全球化引发了各种各样的趋势，并产生了深远的影响:市场的开放、真正的全球竞争、对工业的普遍放松管制，以及大量可获得的资本）可知在过去几十年的商业环境中的变化可能是由于经济全球化。故选D。16．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句At the same time, we have fully entered the information age, starting breakthroughs in information technology, which have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space.（与此同时，我们已经完全进入了信息时代，开始了信息技术的突破，这些技术已经不可逆转地改变了人们不受时间和空间的传统限制进行商业活动的能力）可知作者在第二段想要表达的是信息技术已经消除了商业交易中时间和空间的限制。故选C。17．推理判断题。根据第三段中We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution.（我们正在迅速地从以制造业和商品为基础的经济向以信息、服务、支持和分销为最大价值的经济转变）可推知如果一个企业想在后工业经济中蓬勃发展，它不应该忽视信息、服务、支持和分销的重要性。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies-----innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.（越来越多的公司开始认识到破坏性技术的重要性——这些创新有可能使一条产品线、甚至整个业务部门无形中过时）可知在作者看来，破坏性技术是可以消灭整个企业的创新。故选B。19．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business’s ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers’ appetites for more and more specialized offerings.（此外，这种趋势本身，企业服务子市场的能力激发了客户对更多特定化产品的需求）可知在消费者和商业市场中，企业必须满足个人客户的特定需求才能获得成功。故选D。F（2020·天津一中高三月考） Hot after “ smart email” comes “ digital wellness”, the umbrella term for trying to reduce our addiction to technology — and its grim effects on our health, productivity and politics— by means of that technology itself. One hugely popular app, Forest, displays a tree on your phone when you put it down, which then gradually begins to grow, and is only to die if you pick it back up. Using fire to fight fire in this fashion is an appealing thought. And given the endless data these firms collect about how we use their products, nobody could be better placed to help us use them more healthily.And yet, increasingly, digital wellness triggers in me a response aware of those kinds of things I meet in bad American reality TV shows. In the shows, some teenagers are sent to the Colorado wilderness to learn self-discipline through self- love. If you hate how much you use your phone, just stop using your phone so much! Relying on Big Tech to help you do so is a problem, for one thing, because of the obvious conflict of interest. However concerned for your wellbeing they might seem, Apple and Google need you to use their products. But it ’ s also funny, as the author Cal Newport explained on his blog. “ I’ m a grown man,” he wrote. “If I’m checking my phone every five minutes or playing video games instead of paying attention to my kids, I don't need an existence of a dying tree to help me toward better habits. I actually need someone I respect to knock the stupid thing out of my hand and say, ‘Just stop using it!’”To put it differently: digital wellness aims to reduce your dependency on your devices—but at the cost of increasing your dependency on the corporations behind those devices. It closes off the idea of a more basic rejection of using them, which may be the right answer for us. More generally, it seems likely to weaken your self-discipline muscle, by giving the job of managing your time and attention to a third party.20．What does the app seemingly want to do by displaying a tree?A．To go after the design fashion of beauty.B．To ask us to make full use of our phones.C．To encourage us to protect the environment.D．To remind us not to use digital devices too much.21．What do digital wellness and bad reality TV shows have in common?A．They both reveal the dark sides of society.B．They are both self-contradictory in nature.C．They are both popular among young people.D．They both encourage us to reduce phone use.22．What is Cal Newport’s attitude towards Forest?A．Supportive. B．Negative.C．Objective. D．Unclear.23．What is the author’s suggestion for us?A．Have someone monitor us strictly.B．Use technology to keep healthy.C．Refuse electronics simply.D．Manage our time properly.24．What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?A．Effects of addiction to technology on people’s health.B．The function of a popular app on our phones.C．The real effectiveness of digital wellness.D．Methods to ensure our digital wellness.【答案】20．D21．B22．B23．C24．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了数字健康的真正功效旨在减少你对设备的依赖——但代价是增加你对这些设备背后的公司的依赖。20．推理判断题。根据第一段中One hugely popular app, Forest, displays a tree on your phone when you put it down, which then gradually begins to grow, and is only to die if you pick it back up.“一个非常流行的应用程序，Forest，当你放下手机时，它会在你的手机上显示一棵树，然后它会逐渐开始生长，只有当你拿起它的时候，它才会死去。”由此可知，通过显示一棵树，这个应用程序是为了提醒我们不要过度使用数码设备。故选D。21．推理判断题。根据第二段中And yet, increasingly, digital wellness triggers in me a response aware of those kinds of things I meet in bad American reality TV shows. In the shows, some teenagers are sent to the Colorado wilderness to learn self-discipline through self- love. If you hate how much you use your phone, just stop using your phone so much! Relying on Big Tech to help you do so is a problem, for one thing, because of the obvious conflict of interest.“然而，越来越多的数字健康引发了我的一种反应，意识到我在糟糕的美国真人秀节目中遇到的那些事情。在节目中，一些青少年被送往科罗拉多荒野，通过自爱来学习自律。如果你不喜欢用手机，那就别再那么频繁地使用手机了!首先，依靠大型科技公司来帮助你解决问题是一个问题，因为存在明显的利益冲突。”由此可知，数字健康和糟糕的电视真人秀它们在本质上都是自相矛盾的。故选B。22．推理判断题。根据第二段中“If I’m checking my phone every five minutes or playing video games instead of paying attention to my kids, I don't need an existence of a dying tree to help me toward better habits. I actually need someone I respect to knock the stupid thing out of my hand and say, ‘Just stop using it!’” “如果我每隔五分钟就查看一下手机，或者玩电子游戏，而不是关注我的孩子，我不需要一棵快要枯死的树来帮助我养成更好的习惯。”我真的需要一个我尊敬的人把我手里的东西敲掉，然后说，‘别再用它了!’”由此可知，Cal Newport对Forest的态度是“消极的”。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据第一段中given the endless data these firms collect about how we use their products, nobody could be better placed to help us use them more healthily.“考虑到这些公司收集的关于我们如何使用他们产品的无穷无尽的数据，没有人能更好地帮助我们更健康地使用他们的产品。”由此可知，作者给我们的建议是拒绝电子产品。故选C。24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中To put it differently: digital wellness aims to reduce your dependency on your devices—but at the cost of increasing your dependency on the corporations behind those devices.“换句话说:数字健康旨在减少你对设备的依赖——但代价是增加你对这些设备背后的公司的依赖。”由此可知，作者在文中主要讲了数字健康的真正功效。故选C。G（2020·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三月考） Some humans consider mulberry trees( 桑 树 )little more than oversize weeds. the giraffe Stella loves them. Her long, gray tongue snakes around the leaves and gets them from their branches beautifully.Stella’s mother, Abby, comes over for her share. The Philadelphia Zoo’s two female giraffes consume about a pound of leaves in mere minutes. Fortunately, the zoo has plenty, thanks in part to an unusual source: the local power company.Utility( 公 共 事 业 )companies routinely cut back trees. They want to keep branches from damaging power lines and causing power failures. Usually the branches end up in landfills. But in recent years, a growing number of energy providers have begun donating them to zoos. Hungry zoo animals are happy to eat the green, leafy tree branches known as “browse”Browse partnerships between zoos and power companies are one example of the creative and sometimes unexpected ways zoos work with local organizations to meet animals’ particular-and often huge-dietary needs. Store chains and restaurants sell or donate greens, fruits and vegetables to zoos. Local landowners also provide plant material. But utility companies are in a special position. They need to regularly cut back branches. And they have no use for these branches themselves.PECO Energy Co. Is Pennsylvania’s largest electric and natural gas utility. From August through October, the company delivered three pickup trucks full of browse every week to the Philadelphia Zoo. The weekly browse delivery totaled between 100 and 200 pounds.“Zoos require a lot of browse because it’s such an important part of many animals’ diets. Of the Philadelphia Zoo’s 330 species, 40 eat it. Browse has it all: fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and a little fat. It’s also lower in sugar and higher in protein and fiber than some other plant material, ”said Toddes, the Zoo’s director. “Chewing on the bark is even good for animals’ teeth.”What’s more, browse provides animals with important exercise, she said. In the wild, giraffes eat the tops of trees. So zoo staff hang browse up high to simulate(模拟)their native environment. This also gives visitors a better idea of the animals’ natural behavior.30．What can be learned about Stella and her mother?A．They are big eaters B．They don’t like oversize weedsC．They have difficulty reaching leaves D．They live in a local power company31．Why do utility companies cut back trees?A．To beautify the tree B．To use them to produce powerC．To provide food for zoo animals D．To keep power lines working normally.32．In what way are browse partnerships between zoos and power companies special?A．The donations are for large animals B．The donations come from landfillsC．The donations are given routinely D．The donations contain fruits and vegetables.33．What did Toddes say about PECO’s browse?A．It has great nutritional value. B．It doesn’t require strong teethC．It’s more than what the animals can eat. D．It’s suitable for most of the zoo’s species.34．Why do zoo staff hang browse up high?A．To give visitors a better view.B．To get the giraffes moving a lot.C．To prevent other animals stealing giraffes’ foodD．To get the giraffes out of their native environment.【答案】30．A31．D32．C33．A34．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要说明了电力公司将维护线路过程中修剪的树枝收集起来并定期捐给动物园。为了防止树枝对线路造成威胁，影响供电，电力公司修剪枝叶。收集起来的树枝定期捐给动物园。动物园需要大量的枝叶，因为它是许多动物饮食的重要组成部分。30．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Philadelphia Zoo’s two female giraffes consume about a pound of leaves in mere minutes.”可知这两只长颈鹿，Stella和她的妈妈，能在几分钟内吃掉一磅的树叶。由此判断出它们的胃口很大。故选A项。31．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They want to keep branches from damaging power lines and causing power failures.”可知，电力公司修剪枝叶是为了防止它们对线路造成威胁，影响供电。也就是说，修剪的目的是为了保证电力线路运转正常。故选D项。32．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But utility companies are in a special position. They need to regularly cut back branches.”可知，电力公司的特别之处在于能够定期运送枝叶。故选C项。33．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Browse has it all: fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and a little fat. It’s also lower in sugar and higher in protein and fiber than some other plant material.”可知，嫩枝包含了所有元素:纤维、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和少量脂肪。它的含糖量也比其他植物低，蛋白质和纤维含量高。所以browse（嫩枝）有很高的营养价值。故选A项。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“browse provides animals with important exercise ... their native environment.”可知，动物园的工作人员将嫩枝高高挂起是为了模拟长颈鹿的野外生存环境，让它们抬起头来吃树叶，多运动运动。故选B项。【点睛】关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First，Next，Finally等等。如第3题，由题干中的关键词“browse partnerships”及“special”可定位至第4段，“But utility companies are in a special position. They need to regularly cut back branches.”可知，修剪的目的是为了保证电力线路运转正常。故选D项。 话题：应用文广告类难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：新闻报道，议论文社会现象类难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：记叙文。主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职的故事难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。文章主要讲了消费者对新技术形式的行为会随着时间的推移而改变。难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。主要说明了如今商业环境发生了很大的变化难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。文章讲述了数字健康的真正功效旨在减少你对设备的依赖难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。这篇文章主要说明了电力公司乐于助人的行为难度：★★建议用时：5分
热点09 阅读理解【命题趋势】1. 考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。2. 理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。3. 信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。4. 句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。5. 体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。【满分技巧】一、细节理解类题型一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except...4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which, etc...?二、推理判断类题型推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1. We can infer from the Passage that__________.2. What can be inferred from the Passage?3. Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.5. The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.6. The writer implies that__________.7. It can be inferred that__________.8. It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.9. On the whole, we can conclude that__________.10. From the text we can conclude that__________.11. After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.12. What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13. The author is inclined to think that__________.14. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________.15. What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?16. In the writer’s opinion,...三、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年英语高考题中均有此类题目，有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义。四、主旨大意类题型主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：（一）阅读文章的标题或副标题文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）寻找文章的主题句分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1. 相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2. 主题句一般结构简单；3. 段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。【热点话题】应用文广告类、记叙文人物故事类、说明文科技环保类、议论文社会现象类【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2020·山东昌乐二中高三期末）This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!What Are We Talking About?Meet the new AirFreez! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!What Is So Special About This Little Box?The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack.And the price is just amazing. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!How Can You Get An AirFreez?Here is how to get one— order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.5．Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?A．Smart but fragile. B．Costly but multi-functional.C．Foldable and durable. D．Handy and energy-saving.6．What can we learn about AirFreez?A．It costs less than $53. B．It requires no complex installation.C．It doesn’t consume electricity. D．It is a little larger than a lunch box.7．What is the purpose of this passage?A．To advertise Airfreez.B．To explain the functions of AirFreez.C．To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.D．To compare AirFreez with traditional AC．【答案】5．D6．B7．A【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一种新型便捷节能的空气冷却箱AirFreez。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!他们设计了这种轻便的便携式的空气冷却箱，它有使用非常少的电力和不会牺牲任何一个顶级AC模式等主要优点”可知AirFreez是方便和节能的，故D为正确答案。6．细节理解题。文章中没有提到具体价格，故A选项错误，由第三段中“It uses a very small amount of electricity”这句可知C选项错误，根据倒数第四段中“It is no larger than a lunchbox.”这句可知D选项错误，根据倒数第三段“No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills.没有杂乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费”，可知AirFreez不需要复杂的安装，故B为正确答案。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here is how to get one— order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE这是如何下单的方式：从官网下单可享受最佳价格”可知这篇文章的目的是为AirFreez做广告，故答案为A选项。B（2020·山东高三三模） Teenagers may not know the name Kevin Mayer, but he's about to play an outsize role in their lives.The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok (抖音).In doing so, Mayer will lake charge of an app whose influence over a lot of people has made it one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era.Mayer has been with Disney since the early 1990s—minus a period as the CEO of Playboy.com—and he’s helped to acquire some important brands in film industry. More recently he's become known for his key role in the launch of the ll-important Disney Plus streaming service.Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek，who ran Disney' theme parks unit.Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise,but his move to TikTok is unexpected. The app, owned by China-based ByteDance, is at a crucial moment in its short history—seeing enormous growth during the pandemic lockdowns but facing increasing criticism over its data-collection practices. As it rises in influence ,the company will surely face a growing drumbeat of intense media and strict monitoring.In contrast, Disney has never been more delicate, with the coronavinus pandemic having broken nearly all of its core business units, from the close down of theme parks and movie theaters to ongoing interruptions to its production schedules. Mayer，whatever else is motivating the move, is hopping( 跳) to another position at a proper time.11．What's the text mainly about?A．The job-hopping of a CEO.B．The rising influence of TikTok.C．The decline of the Walt Disney Company .D．The intense competition between companies.12．What's the likely reason for Mayer's departure from Disney?A．He had been offered a higher salaryB．He wasn't qualified for his previous job.C．He preferred a new career concerning teenagers.D．He failed to succeed Bob Iger as a CEO of Disney.13．What do we know about TikTok according to the text?A．Potential but delicate. B．Profitable but immoral.C．Popular but controversial. D．Professional but addictive.14．What is the purpose of the text?A．To advertise for Disney. B．To report of news.C．To recommend a new app. D．To compare two companies.【答案】11．A12．D13．C14．B【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok”可知，迪士尼公司的长期领导者（凯文梅耶尔）刚刚成为抖音的CEO，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，故A项正确。12．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek”可知，梅耶尔被认为是即将卸任的CEO鲍勃伊格尔的潜在继任者之一，但他被鲍勃查贝克所取代， 紧接着第五段第一句“Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise”说梅耶尔离开迪士尼也许并不奇怪，由此可知，梅耶尔离开迪士尼是因为他没能接替鲍勃·伊格尔成为迪斯尼的CEO，故D项正确。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era”可知，抖音平台极具影响力（很受欢迎）但备受争议，故C项正确。14．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，是一篇新闻报道，因此文章的目的就是报道梅耶尔跳槽的新闻，故B项正确。C（天津市宝坻一中2019届高三第三次模拟）I Was the Doughnut LadyIn university I had a part-time job at a shop that sold doughnut s and coffee. Situated on a block where several buses stopped, it served the people who had a few minutes to wait for their bus.Every afternoon around four o'clock, a group of school children would burst into the shop, and business would come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. But I didn't mind if the children waited for their bus inside. Sometimes I would hand out a bus fare when a ticket went missing-always repaid the next day. On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts. I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived.I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives—until one afternoon when a man came and asked if I was the girl working on weekdays around four o'clock. He identified himself as the father of two of my favorites.“I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.” I told him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only received a title, but became a landmark. Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children. They become, well, Doughnut Ladies. Like the men a t the skating rink, who let my boys ring home; Or the bus driver who drove my daughter to her stop at the end of the route at night but wouldn't leave until I arrived to pick her up; Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work—even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. “Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?”That wasn't a police car. That was a Doughnut Lady.1．According to the passage, the author sometimes ______.A．sold bus tickets to the children B．gave the children free doughnutsC．did business with the children's help D．called the children's parents to pick them up2．By saying “...it wasn't a big deal (Para. 4),” the author meant that ______.A．she hadn't done anything significantB．she hadn't spent much time with the childrenC．she hadn't made a lot of money from the childrenD．she hadn't found it hard to get along with the children3．What can we learn about the police officer? ______A．He took the boys to the police station.B．He helped the boys look for their mother.C．He drove the boys back home in a police car.D．He managed to make sure of the boys' identity.4．Why did the neighbors call the next day?A．They called to comfort them.B．They tried to make sure they were fine.C．They wanted to confirm it was really a police car.D．They wondered what the police brought them on such a rainy night.5．The passage suggests that ______.A．running a business requires skill B．taking responsibility is a moral virtueC．devotion should be everything in life D．there are always no small acts of kindness.【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．B5．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职，每天下午都会来一群学生，作者让他们在店里等车，有时还会给他们免费的甜甜圈，作者不觉得这是什么大事，直到一位孩子的父亲某天来感激作者，说作者为他们做的事情意义重大。这也让作者想起了生活中无数微小但意义重大的善举。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts.(在下雪天，我会分发一些甜甜圈)”可知，作者有时会给孩子们免费的甜甜圈。故选B。2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives(我从来没有想过我在他们的生活中扮演了重要的角色)”；第四段中“I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.(我想让你知道我很感激你为我的孩子们所做的一切。我担心他们坐两辆公共汽车回家。他们可以在这里等着，你可以看着他们，这对他们来说意义重大。当他们和甜甜圈女郎在一起时，我知道他们是安全的)”以及“I told him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.(我告诉他这没什么大不了的，我很喜欢孩子们)”可推知，作者不觉得自己给来店里的孩子甜甜圈是什么大事，也没想过自己在他们的生活中扮演了重要的角色，只是因为喜欢孩子，故作者这句话的意思是“她做的不是什么大事”。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?(我昨晚在你家看到的是一辆警车吗？)”可推知，这位警官用警车把孩子们送回家。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work—even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. ‘Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?’(还有那位好心的警官，他同情我的孩子们在我上班的时候冒雨走回家，尽管隔天电话铃响个不停，都是好奇的邻居打来的。他们问‘我昨晚在你家看到的是一辆警车吗？’)”可知，第二天邻居打电话来，是因为他们试图确保他们没事。故选B。5．推理判断题。根据文章主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职，每天下午都会来一群学生，作者让他们在店里等车，有时还会给他们免费的甜甜圈，作者不觉得这是什么大事，直到一位孩子的父亲某天来感激作者，说作者为他们做的事情意义重大。这也让作者想起了生活中无数微小但意义重大的善举。可推知，文章表明，善行总是无小事。故选D。D（2020·天津耀华中学高三一模） A remote control is seemingly capable of invisible magic to most of us. We just assume it should. And the longer a given technology exits, the more we take it for granted.Consider for a moment a split screen showing modem remote control users versus the first remote control users: the original users would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device. The modern users would be leaning on a sofa, pointing the remote any which way instinctively （本能的）feeling for the button they desired, intuiting（凭直觉知道）its size,shape, and position on the remote.Humans are known for being handy with tools, so it is no surprise that we get so comfortable with our technology. However, as we become increasingly comfortable with how to use new technologies, we become less aware of how they work. Most people who use modern technology know nothing of its underlying science. They have spent neither mental nor financial resources on its development. And yet, rather than be humbled（使谦逊）by its originality, we consumers often become unfairly demanding of what our technology Should do for us.Many of the landmark inventions of the twentieth century followed predictable tracks: initial versions of each technology (television, video games, computers, cell phones, etc.) succeeded in impressing the general public. Then, these wonderful new inventions quickly became commonplace. Soon, the focus of consumer attitudes towards them changed from gratitude with respect to discriminating preference.Televisions needed to be bigger and have a higher resolution. Video games needed to be more realistic. Computers needed to be more powerful yet smaller in size. Cell phones needed to be smaller yet capable of performing other tasks such as taking pictures, accessing the Internet, and even playing movies.For children of the last twenty years born into this modern life, these technological marvels seem like elements of the periodic table: a given ingredient that is simply part of the universe. Younger generations don't even try to imagine life without modem conveniences. They do not appreciate the unprecedented（史无前例的）technology that is in their possession; rather, they complain about the ways in which it fails to live up to ideal expectations. “My digital video recorder at home doesn't allow me to program it from my computer at work.” “It's taking too long for this interactive map to display on my portable GPS”.If it sounds as though we're never satisfied, we aren't. Of course, our complaints do actually motivate engineers to continually refine their products. After all. at the root of our tool-making instinct is the notion (观念）that “there must be a better way.” Thus, the shortcomings of any current version of technology are pinned on the limitations of its designers, and the expectation is that someone, somewhere is working on how to make the existing product even better.10．The second paragraph is used to suggest that______________.A．modem humans do not pay enough attention to instructionsB．remote controls have become far more effective over the yearsC．consumer behavior toward new forms of technology changes over timeD．the first consumers of new technology used new devices with ease and comfort11．The passage states that original users of remote controls likely__________.A．have no instinctive feeling for sizes and shapesB．press the buttons harder than it is necessaryC．don't trust on the effectiveness of remote controlD．have difficulty reading the names of the buttons12．Which of the following can illustrate people's discriminating preference?A．People take a given technology for granted.B．Consumers expect more powerful computers.C．Children lack patience with the shortcomings of technology.D．Original users unfairly demand of what technology should do.13．What does the underlined statement in paragraph 6 probably mean?A．Space exploration provides us with new technology.B．Adults learn technology while they are doing household chores.C．High expectation makes up for the limitation of technology designers.D．Consumers regard many technological inventions as unremarkable14．The writer thinks the way people consider technology____________.A．encourage designers' creativity B．limit humans’ productivityC．raise consumers' expectation D．guarantee users' satisfaction【答案】10．C11．B12．B13．D14．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了消费者对新技术形式的行为会随着时间的推移而改变。每种技术（电视、视频游戏、计算机、手机等）的最初版本成功地给大众留下了深刻的印象。然后，这些奇妙的新发明很快就变得司空见惯了。很快，消费者对他们的态度焦点从感恩转向歧视性偏好。当然，人们看待技术的方式确实鼓励了设计师的创造力。10．推理判断题。根据第二段the original users would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device. The modern users would be leaning on a sofa, pointing the remote any which way instinctively （本能的）feeling for the button they desired, intuiting（凭直觉知道）its size,shape, and position on the remote.（最初的用户会仔细地将遥控器对准电视机，阅读按钮的名称以找到正确的按钮，然后有意地以一种不会增加设备有效性的力度按下按钮。现代的用户可能会靠在沙发上，将遥控器指向任何方向，本能地感受他们想要的按钮，凭直觉判断遥控器的大小、形状和位置）可推知第二段是用来说明消费者对新技术形式的行为会随着时间的推移而改变。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据第二段the original users would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device.（最初的用户会仔细地将遥控器对准电视机，阅读按钮的名称以找到正确的按钮，然后有意地以一种不会增加设备有效性的力度按下按钮）可知文中指出，最初使用遥控器的用户按下按钮的力度可能比必要的更大。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据第四段Soon, the focus of consumer attitudes towards them changed from gratitude with respect to discriminating preference.（很快，消费者对他们的态度重心从感恩转向了歧视性偏好）和第五段Computers needed to be more powerful yet smaller in size.（计算机需要功能更强大但体积更小）可知“消费者期待更强大的电脑” 可以说明人们的歧视性偏好。故选B。13．词句猜测题。根据划线句后面的句子a given ingredient that is simply part of the universe. Younger generations don't even try to imagine life without modem conveniences. They do not appreciate the unprecedented（史无前例的）technology that is in their possession; rather, they complain about the ways in which it fails to live up to ideal expectations.（一个给定的成分，只是宇宙的一部分。年轻一代甚至不去想象没有现代便利设施的生活。他们不欣赏他们所拥有的前所未有的技术;相反，他们抱怨它无法达到理想的期望）可推知，划线的句子意思是消费者认为许多技术发明很平常。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段Of course, our complaints do actually motivate engineers to continually refine their products. （当然，我们的抱怨确实激励着工程师不断改进他们的产品）可推知作者认为人们看待技术的方式鼓励了设计师的创造力。故选A。E（2020·天津静海一中高三期末） In many aspects, nowadays business environment has changed greatly since the late 1980s. The end of the cold war completely altered the very nature of the world’s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation (解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. we have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both wall street and main street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away.At the same time, we have fully entered the information age, starting breakthroughs in information technology, which have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With amazing speed, the internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.As a consequence, we have truly entered the post-industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, attaches great importance to “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller’s market.Beyond the field of information technology, the increasing pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a great demand for continuous innovation (创新).New product, process, and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies-----innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.Another major trend has been the consumer and business markets. There’s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster, and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business’s ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers’ appetites for more and more specialized offerings.15．According to the first paragraph, the changes in the business environment in the past decades can be due to __________.A．technological advances B．worldwide economic disorderC．the fierce competition in industry D．the globalization of economy16．What idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph ?A．The rapid development of information technology has taken businessmen by surprise.B．The internet, intranets, e-mail, and portable computers have entered every corner of the world.C．Information technology has removed the restrictions of time and space in business transactions.D．The way we do business today has brought about startling breakthroughs in information technology.17．If a business wants to boom in the post-industrial economy, ________.A．it has to invest more capital in the training of free agents to operate in a seller’s marketB．it should try its best to satisfy the increasing demands of mobile knowledgeable peopleC．it should not overlook the importance of information, services, support, and distributionD．it has to provide each of its employees with the latest information about the changing market18．In the author’s view, destructive technologies are innovations which _________.A．demand a radical change in providing servicesB．can eliminate an entire businessC．may destroy the potential of a company to make any profitD．call for continuous improvement in ways of doing business19．With the consumer and business markets, ________.A．an increasing number of companies have broken downB．manufacturers must focus on one special product to remain competitive in the marketC．it is physically impossible and prohibitively expensive to do business in the old wayD．businesses have to meet individual customers’ specific needs in order to succeed【答案】15．D16．C17．C18．B19．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了如今商业环境发生了很大的变化，我们已经完全进入了信息时代。同时我们正在经历迅速的经济转变，除了信息技术领域外，几乎每个行业的技术变革步伐都在不断加快，这创造了全新的业务，消灭了其他行业，并产生了对持续创新的巨大需求。15．细节理解题。根据第一段中In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital.（在短短的几年时间里，全球化引发了各种各样的趋势，并产生了深远的影响:市场的开放、真正的全球竞争、对工业的普遍放松管制，以及大量可获得的资本）可知在过去几十年的商业环境中的变化可能是由于经济全球化。故选D。16．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句At the same time, we have fully entered the information age, starting breakthroughs in information technology, which have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space.（与此同时，我们已经完全进入了信息时代，开始了信息技术的突破，这些技术已经不可逆转地改变了人们不受时间和空间的传统限制进行商业活动的能力）可知作者在第二段想要表达的是信息技术已经消除了商业交易中时间和空间的限制。故选C。17．推理判断题。根据第三段中We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution.（我们正在迅速地从以制造业和商品为基础的经济向以信息、服务、支持和分销为最大价值的经济转变）可推知如果一个企业想在后工业经济中蓬勃发展，它不应该忽视信息、服务、支持和分销的重要性。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies-----innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.（越来越多的公司开始认识到破坏性技术的重要性——这些创新有可能使一条产品线、甚至整个业务部门无形中过时）可知在作者看来，破坏性技术是可以消灭整个企业的创新。故选B。19．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business’s ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers’ appetites for more and more specialized offerings.（此外，这种趋势本身，企业服务子市场的能力激发了客户对更多特定化产品的需求）可知在消费者和商业市场中，企业必须满足个人客户的特定需求才能获得成功。故选D。F（2020·天津一中高三月考） Hot after “ smart email” comes “ digital wellness”, the umbrella term for trying to reduce our addiction to technology — and its grim effects on our health, productivity and politics— by means of that technology itself. One hugely popular app, Forest, displays a tree on your phone when you put it down, which then gradually begins to grow, and is only to die if you pick it back up. Using fire to fight fire in this fashion is an appealing thought. And given the endless data these firms collect about how we use their products, nobody could be better placed to help us use them more healthily.And yet, increasingly, digital wellness triggers in me a response aware of those kinds of things I meet in bad American reality TV shows. In the shows, some teenagers are sent to the Colorado wilderness to learn self-discipline through self- love. If you hate how much you use your phone, just stop using your phone so much! Relying on Big Tech to help you do so is a problem, for one thing, because of the obvious conflict of interest. However concerned for your wellbeing they might seem, Apple and Google need you to use their products. But it ’ s also funny, as the author Cal Newport explained on his blog. “ I’ m a grown man,” he wrote. “If I’m checking my phone every five minutes or playing video games instead of paying attention to my kids, I don't need an existence of a dying tree to help me toward better habits. I actually need someone I respect to knock the stupid thing out of my hand and say, ‘Just stop using it!’”To put it differently: digital wellness aims to reduce your dependency on your devices—but at the cost of increasing your dependency on the corporations behind those devices. It closes off the idea of a more basic rejection of using them, which may be the right answer for us. More generally, it seems likely to weaken your self-discipline muscle, by giving the job of managing your time and attention to a third party.20．What does the app seemingly want to do by displaying a tree?A．To go after the design fashion of beauty.B．To ask us to make full use of our phones.C．To encourage us to protect the environment.D．To remind us not to use digital devices too much.21．What do digital wellness and bad reality TV shows have in common?A．They both reveal the dark sides of society.B．They are both self-contradictory in nature.C．They are both popular among young people.D．They both encourage us to reduce phone use.22．What is Cal Newport’s attitude towards Forest?A．Supportive. B．Negative.C．Objective. D．Unclear.23．What is the author’s suggestion for us?A．Have someone monitor us strictly.B．Use technology to keep healthy.C．Refuse electronics simply.D．Manage our time properly.24．What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?A．Effects of addiction to technology on people’s health.B．The function of a popular app on our phones.C．The real effectiveness of digital wellness.D．Methods to ensure our digital wellness.【答案】20．D21．B22．B23．C24．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了数字健康的真正功效旨在减少你对设备的依赖——但代价是增加你对这些设备背后的公司的依赖。20．推理判断题。根据第一段中One hugely popular app, Forest, displays a tree on your phone when you put it down, which then gradually begins to grow, and is only to die if you pick it back up.“一个非常流行的应用程序，Forest，当你放下手机时，它会在你的手机上显示一棵树，然后它会逐渐开始生长，只有当你拿起它的时候，它才会死去。”由此可知，通过显示一棵树，这个应用程序是为了提醒我们不要过度使用数码设备。故选D。21．推理判断题。根据第二段中And yet, increasingly, digital wellness triggers in me a response aware of those kinds of things I meet in bad American reality TV shows. In the shows, some teenagers are sent to the Colorado wilderness to learn self-discipline through self- love. If you hate how much you use your phone, just stop using your phone so much! Relying on Big Tech to help you do so is a problem, for one thing, because of the obvious conflict of interest.“然而，越来越多的数字健康引发了我的一种反应，意识到我在糟糕的美国真人秀节目中遇到的那些事情。在节目中，一些青少年被送往科罗拉多荒野，通过自爱来学习自律。如果你不喜欢用手机，那就别再那么频繁地使用手机了!首先，依靠大型科技公司来帮助你解决问题是一个问题，因为存在明显的利益冲突。”由此可知，数字健康和糟糕的电视真人秀它们在本质上都是自相矛盾的。故选B。22．推理判断题。根据第二段中“If I’m checking my phone every five minutes or playing video games instead of paying attention to my kids, I don't need an existence of a dying tree to help me toward better habits. I actually need someone I respect to knock the stupid thing out of my hand and say, ‘Just stop using it!’” “如果我每隔五分钟就查看一下手机，或者玩电子游戏，而不是关注我的孩子，我不需要一棵快要枯死的树来帮助我养成更好的习惯。”我真的需要一个我尊敬的人把我手里的东西敲掉，然后说，‘别再用它了!’”由此可知，Cal Newport对Forest的态度是“消极的”。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据第一段中given the endless data these firms collect about how we use their products, nobody could be better placed to help us use them more healthily.“考虑到这些公司收集的关于我们如何使用他们产品的无穷无尽的数据，没有人能更好地帮助我们更健康地使用他们的产品。”由此可知，作者给我们的建议是拒绝电子产品。故选C。24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中To put it differently: digital wellness aims to reduce your dependency on your devices—but at the cost of increasing your dependency on the corporations behind those devices.“换句话说:数字健康旨在减少你对设备的依赖——但代价是增加你对这些设备背后的公司的依赖。”由此可知，作者在文中主要讲了数字健康的真正功效。故选C。G（2020·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三月考） Some humans consider mulberry trees( 桑 树 )little more than oversize weeds. the giraffe Stella loves them. Her long, gray tongue snakes around the leaves and gets them from their branches beautifully.Stella’s mother, Abby, comes over for her share. The Philadelphia Zoo’s two female giraffes consume about a pound of leaves in mere minutes. Fortunately, the zoo has plenty, thanks in part to an unusual source: the local power company.Utility( 公 共 事 业 )companies routinely cut back trees. They want to keep branches from damaging power lines and causing power failures. Usually the branches end up in landfills. But in recent years, a growing number of energy providers have begun donating them to zoos. Hungry zoo animals are happy to eat the green, leafy tree branches known as “browse”Browse partnerships between zoos and power companies are one example of the creative and sometimes unexpected ways zoos work with local organizations to meet animals’ particular-and often huge-dietary needs. Store chains and restaurants sell or donate greens, fruits and vegetables to zoos. Local landowners also provide plant material. But utility companies are in a special position. They need to regularly cut back branches. And they have no use for these branches themselves.PECO Energy Co. Is Pennsylvania’s largest electric and natural gas utility. From August through October, the company delivered three pickup trucks full of browse every week to the Philadelphia Zoo. The weekly browse delivery totaled between 100 and 200 pounds.“Zoos require a lot of browse because it’s such an important part of many animals’ diets. Of the Philadelphia Zoo’s 330 species, 40 eat it. Browse has it all: fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and a little fat. It’s also lower in sugar and higher in protein and fiber than some other plant material, ”said Toddes, the Zoo’s director. “Chewing on the bark is even good for animals’ teeth.”What’s more, browse provides animals with important exercise, she said. In the wild, giraffes eat the tops of trees. So zoo staff hang browse up high to simulate(模拟)their native environment. This also gives visitors a better idea of the animals’ natural behavior.30．What can be learned about Stella and her mother?A．They are big eaters B．They don’t like oversize weedsC．They have difficulty reaching leaves D．They live in a local power company31．Why do utility companies cut back trees?A．To beautify the tree B．To use them to produce powerC．To provide food for zoo animals D．To keep power lines working normally.32．In what way are browse partnerships between zoos and power companies special?A．The donations are for large animals B．The donations come from landfillsC．The donations are given routinely D．The donations contain fruits and vegetables.33．What did Toddes say about PECO’s browse?A．It has great nutritional value. B．It doesn’t require strong teethC．It’s more than what the animals can eat. D．It’s suitable for most of the zoo’s species.34．Why do zoo staff hang browse up high?A．To give visitors a better view.B．To get the giraffes moving a lot.C．To prevent other animals stealing giraffes’ foodD．To get the giraffes out of their native environment.【答案】30．A31．D32．C33．A34．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要说明了电力公司将维护线路过程中修剪的树枝收集起来并定期捐给动物园。为了防止树枝对线路造成威胁，影响供电，电力公司修剪枝叶。收集起来的树枝定期捐给动物园。动物园需要大量的枝叶，因为它是许多动物饮食的重要组成部分。30．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Philadelphia Zoo’s two female giraffes consume about a pound of leaves in mere minutes.”可知这两只长颈鹿，Stella和她的妈妈，能在几分钟内吃掉一磅的树叶。由此判断出它们的胃口很大。故选A项。31．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They want to keep branches from damaging power lines and causing power failures.”可知，电力公司修剪枝叶是为了防止它们对线路造成威胁，影响供电。也就是说，修剪的目的是为了保证电力线路运转正常。故选D项。32．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But utility companies are in a special position. They need to regularly cut back branches.”可知，电力公司的特别之处在于能够定期运送枝叶。故选C项。33．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Browse has it all: fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and a little fat. It’s also lower in sugar and higher in protein and fiber than some other plant material.”可知，嫩枝包含了所有元素:纤维、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和少量脂肪。它的含糖量也比其他植物低，蛋白质和纤维含量高。所以browse（嫩枝）有很高的营养价值。故选A项。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“browse provides animals with important exercise ... their native environment.”可知，动物园的工作人员将嫩枝高高挂起是为了模拟长颈鹿的野外生存环境，让它们抬起头来吃树叶，多运动运动。故选B项。【点睛】关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First，Next，Finally等等。如第3题，由题干中的关键词“browse partnerships”及“special”可定位至第4段，“But utility companies are in a special position. They need to regularly cut back branches.”可知，修剪的目的是为了保证电力线路运转正常。故选D项。 话题：应用文广告类难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：新闻报道，议论文社会现象类难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：记叙文。主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职的故事难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。文章主要讲了消费者对新技术形式的行为会随着时间的推移而改变。难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。主要说明了如今商业环境发生了很大的变化难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。文章讲述了数字健康的真正功效旨在减少你对设备的依赖难度：★★建议用时：5分话题：说明文。这篇文章主要说明了电力公司乐于助人的行为难度：★★建议用时：5分
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