高考英语二轮复习大题优练2 阅读理解 记叙文（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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    【例题】（2020·全国II卷）Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skill. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence.       B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.       D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experimental?A. Parents’ age.         B. Children’s imagination.C. Parents’ education.        D. Child-parent relationship.3. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4. What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method.       B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologist       D. A teaching program【答案】1.B  2.C  3.D  4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。1.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“...found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.”，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.”（莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长对话量的差异后，益智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因素。），故选C。3.细节理解题。根据题干信息，定位到最后一段“However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls...”，故选D。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现，益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。故选B。 （一）Sacagawea was not afraid. Although she was only 16 years old and the only female in an exploration group of more than 45 people, she was ready to courageously make her mark in American history.In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought more than 825,000 square miles of land from France. To explore this new part of the country, Jefferson sent Lewis and William Clark on a two-year journey to report on what they found. They needed local guides to help them through this unknown territory.Born to a Shoshone chief around 1788, Sacagawea had been kidnapped (绑架) by an enemy tribe when she was about 12, then sold to a French-Canadian trapper. When the trapper was hired as a guide for Lewis and Clark's expedition in 1804, Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to talk to Native-American people on their 8, 000-mile journey.Sacagawea soon became a respected member of the group. She was skilled at finding plants for food and medicine to help keep the explorers alive. When a boat capsized (翻) on the Missouri River as they were crossing into what is now Montana, Sacagawea saved important books and much-needed supplies. When they needed horses to cross rough area, she convinced a Shoshone tribe—led by her long-lost brother—to give them some. She was so esteemed by Lewis and Clark that when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked to cast her vote for where they should build a fort (营地).Sacagawea proved herself again after the group took a different route home through what is now Idaho. As they passed through her homeland, Sacagawea remembered Shoshone trails from her childhood and helped the expedition find their way through. Clark even praised her as his “pilot”.She received no pay for her services and died on December 20, 1812. But Sacagawea's bravery and skill live on in the expedition's journals, which are full of praise for the 16-year-old Shoshone girl who guided the most famous American expedition of all time.5．Why did the explorers hire Sacagawea?A．To do trade. B．To fight the enemy.C．To be safer. D．To help communicate.6．What does the underlined word “esteemed” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Respected. B．Suspected.C．Influenced. D．Promoted.7．What do you think of Sacagawea's role in the expedition?A．Active. B．Irreplaceable.C．Tricky. D．Unreliable.8．What is the passage mainly about?A．A special honor. B．A great expedition.C．An outstanding girl. D．An unknown territory.【答案】5-8 DABC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事。5．细节理解题。根据第三段Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to talk to Native-American people on their 8, 000-mile journey.可知，探险家雇佣Sacagawea目的是帮助他们和当地印第安人交流。故选D。6．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked to cast her vote for where they should build a fort.当他们在1805年11月到达太平洋时，Sacagawea被要求投票决定他们应该在哪里建造营地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis 和Clark 的尊敬，他们才会要求Sacagawea决定在哪里露营；由此可知，划线单词“esteemed”的意思是repected “尊敬”之意，故选A。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段描述Sacagawea proved herself again after the group took a different route home through what is now Idaho. …and helped the expedition find their way through. Clark even praised her as his “pilot”. Sacagawea再次证明了自己的能力，她的团队选择了一条不同的路线，穿过现在的爱达荷州回家。当他们经过她的家乡时，Sacagawea想起了她童年时在Shoshone部落留下的足迹，并帮助探险队找到了道路。Clark甚至称赞她是他的“领航员”。可知，Sacagawea在探险活动的地位是无可替代的。故选B。8．主旨大意题。本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事，由此可知，An outstanding girl. 一个杰出的女孩。切题。故选C。 (二)A fellow speaker from California named Geri flew to Japan, in her favorite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. Fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. With her bag in one hand, Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly.When the five of them arrived at the hotel, they invited Geri to tea in the lobby (大厅). While sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. She was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, “Oh, it’s beautiful!”At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “Sayonara” and left immediately. Poor Geri was left astonished. What did she do wrong?Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if you’re coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet c1ients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Geri’s handling of their business cards rudely. In Japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each other’s cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadn’t even given them a gift!9．In the four Japanese gentlemen’s eyes, Geri took their cards _____________.A．excitedly B．embarrassingly C．politely D．disrespectfully10．Why did the four Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?A．Because they couldn’t bear Geri’s behavior any longer.B．Because they had finished the task.C．Because Geri had something more important to do.D．Because Geri felt embarrassed.11．What does the underlined word “gaffe” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Ignorance. B．Sadness. C．Mistake. D．Carelessness.12．What lesson can we draw from this story?A．Honesty is the best policy.B．Think twice before you take any action.C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.D．Don't claim to know what you don't know.【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．C【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个叫格瑞的美国人来到日本，因为不了解日本的礼仪文化而做的一些不合时宜的事。9．推理判断题。根据第四段的“The second mistake was Geri's handling of their business cards rudely.”可知，第二个错误是格瑞粗鲁地处理他们的名片，由此可推断，在四位日本绅士的眼里，格瑞十分不恭敬地接过了他们的名片。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadn’t even given them a gift!”可知，然后，第四个可怕的事情是，格瑞不应该在她的客户面前打开礼物。在一个面子至关重要的国家，如果发现他们送的礼物没有收到的那么好，那就很尴尬了。更糟糕的是，格瑞甚至没有给他们礼物！由此判断出，这些男士认为格瑞的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以离开了，故选A。11．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后的“What did she do wrong？”（她哪里做的不对）以及第四段“ The second mistake”（第二个错误）可知，划线词的意思是“错误”，指的是她的牛仔裤是第一个错误。故选C。12．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个叫格瑞的美国人来到日本，因为不了解日本的礼仪文化而做的一些不合时宜的事。由此判断出，我们从故事中学到要入乡随俗。故选C。（三）For most people, graduation is an exciting day the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day... was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to watch our class walk across that stage. But like everyone else in my graduating class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as 1 was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loans was creeping ever closer.You know that feeling when you wake up and you are just consumed with fear? Fear about something you can't control—that sense of approaching failure that remains over you as you hope that everything that happened to you thus far was just a bad dream? That feeling became a constant in my life. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much 1 tried, 1 just couldn't seem to make any progress.So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)?I wrote. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough. Sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I channeled my frustration into a children's book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world — just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. 1 was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview with The Walt Disney Company and was hired shortly after.The moral of this story is... don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change if you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.13．From Paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably         .A．was having an exciting graduationB．was getting into financial difficultiesC．missed the life in the universityD．had just applied for the student loans14．How did the author change the frustrating situation?A．By sending applications. B．By offering contracts.C．By keeping writing. D．By publishing books.15．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?A．Unattractive. B．Hopeless.C．Thrilling. D．Promising.16．What is the passage mainly about?A．Success belongs to the persevering.B．A contented mind is a perpetual（长久的）feast.C．A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.D．Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.【答案】13.B  14.C  15.B  16.A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了作者在毕业后经历了失败和恐惧，然后依靠坚持写作走出困境的励志文章。13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第四、五句“What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loans was creeping ever closer.”可知，作者在毕业后难以找到工作，而学生贷款还款期限日益逼近，作者无力偿还，由此可知作者陷入经济困难。故选B项。14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一、二句“So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)?I wrote.”以及第六句“So I channeled my frustration into a children's book.”可知，作者通过坚持写作来改变自己的令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。15．猜测词义题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句“The moral of this story is…don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up.”可知，能够导致你对一件事情的放弃，这件事可能是无望的或者是糟糕的，所以能够替换bleak的词是hopeless。故选B项。16．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The moral of this story is... don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.”可知，本文主要谈论的是成功属于坚忍不拔的人。故选A项。(四)I grew up with a four-year gap(差距)between myself and my younger brother. It was an enough distance in age to keep us close as we got older, but also enough of an age gap to make sure we lived our own lives in completely different ways. Having a younger brother while I was a girl was a lot of work for there was a lot of fighting.However, as we've got older, we've become closer, and I've learned several things in life from my younger brother that I didn't realize I needed before.My younger brother is one of the most talented and creative souls I've known. He's constantly feeding his creativity with new art forms, new instruments. He always seeks to understand and learn more about the world around him. He's helped remind me through his actions and words that giving up on creativity is something a person should never do.My younger brother has always been a more introverted type, and if you speak to him, you're lucky to get over three words out of him at a time. Because of this, he's certainly learned the whole “actions speak louder than words” thing. But, I've realized from my brother that I needn't speak to fill the silence. Sometimes, it's necessary to spend some of your time in silence and reflect in it. My younger brother has also been through hard times, but he's able to focus on learning from the hard times, unlike me, who tends to hold on to every little thing from my life. It's always been difficult for me to let things go and move on, but my younger brother has been an inspiration for me to try harder at letting go.17．What does the author think of growing up as the older sister?A．It is a great advantage.B．It tends to be enjoyable.C．It is troubling but inspiring.D．It isn't always fun and easy.18．What does the author's younger brother's actions suggest to her?A．She should focus on the past and the presentB．She should never stop feeding her creativity.C．She should move on with the past kept in mind.D．She should explain every little detail of something.19．What might the introverted people be like according to paragraph 4?A．They are quiet.B．They are quick.C．They are noisy.D．They are friendly.20．What is the best title for the text?A．The Good Relationships between My Brother and MeB．The Inspirations My Younger Brother was GivenC．Lessons My Little Brother Helped Me LearnD．The Great Qualities of My Little Brother【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文，作者作为一个姐姐，从弟弟那学习到了很多。17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Having a younger brother while I was a girl was a lot of work for there was a lot of fighting.” 当我还是个小女孩的时候，有个弟弟对我来说是件很辛苦的事，因为经常会吵架。第二段进行了转折“However, as we've got older, we've become closer, and I've learned several things in life from my younger brother that I didn't realize I needed before.” 然而，随着我们年龄的增长，我们的关系越来越亲密，我从弟弟身上学到了很多以前我不知道自己需要的东西。所以作者作为一个姐姐，觉得麻烦但是鼓舞人心。故选C项。18．推理判断题。根据第三段“He's helped remind me through his actions and words that giving up on creativity is something a person should never do.” 他用行动和言语提醒我，放弃创造力是一个人永远都不应该做的事。所以弟弟给姐姐的建议是永远不要停止创造。故选B项。19．推理判断题。根据第四段“My younger brother has always been a more introverted type, and if you speak to him, you're lucky to get over three words out of him at a time.” 我弟弟一直比较内向，如果你跟他说话，能一次说出三个字就很幸运了。可知introverted people指的是很内向安静的人，故选A项。20．主旨大意题。根据第二段“and I've learned several things in life from my younger brother that I didn't realize I needed before.” 在生活中，我从弟弟那里学到了很多以前我不知道自己需要的东西。作者在此展开叙述，讲述弟弟的优点对自己的影响，所以本文的主旨是我从弟弟那里学到的课程。故选C项。(五)Last year, my oldest son Matthew went off to college. Things at home were not as “busy” as they used to be. We still had our 15-year-old son Gabriel with us, but we missed having Matthew around.My wife soon had a crazy idea. “Let’s get a dog.” she suggested. I wasn’t exactly thrilled with the idea, but I agreed. I mean, what better way to replace a kid that has gone off to college than to get a dog.When we got to the animal shelter, it seemed like every dog was a pit bull (比特犬). I’d had many bad experiences with pit bulls as a child, so I didn’t want to take one of them home with me.While I walked along the rows and rows of cold metal cages, a dog caught my eye. He was scared, and looked like he’d given up on life. There was only one problem: he was a pit bull.As he looked at me with his big, beautiful eyes, I could see into his soul. I could see how scared he was and that he just wanted a happy life. I couldn’t just walk away — I had to at least go over and look at him. I approached his cage, and he just sat there, looking at me. I stuck my finger through the hole in the cage and petted him on the head. I expected him to get mad, but he didn’t.I knew that this dog had never felt love before, and that he was enjoying every bit of the love I could give him in that moment. Tears began to stream down my face because I felt everything that this poor creature was feeling right then. He just wanted to be loved; he just wanted a home and a family.It’s been a year since we took the dog home, and our lives have been changed forever.Now, his favorite thing to do is give us kisses with his giant tongue every morning. He is always there to greet us when we come home with a huge smile. He’s shown us more love than any other living creature on Earth ever had before. And every time I look into his eyes I see love, compassion and gratitude — things I never thought that a pit bull was capable of feeling.21. Why did the author’s wife want to get a dog?A. Because she liked a pit pull.B. Because she thought it was a crazy idea.C. Because she wanted the dog to replace her kid.D. Because one of their children was admitted to college.22. Which word has the similar meaning to the underlined word “thrilled”?A. Accepted. B. Excited. C. Frightened. D. Delighted.23. What was the author and his wife’s life like with the pit bull?A. They missed having Matthew around even more.B. They found it hard to get along with him.C. They lived a life full of love.D. They regretted adopting him.24. What is the main purpose of the article?A. To share a warm story about adopting a pet.B. To stress the benefits of keeping a pet.C. To suggest people keep a pet of their own.D. To give advice on how to keep a pet.【答案】21.D   22.B 23.C   24.A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和妻子在大儿子上大学后收养了一只斗牛犬，他们过着充满爱的生活。21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “Last year, my oldest son Matthew went off to college. Things at home were not as “busy” as they used to be. We still had our 15-year-old son Gabriel with us, but we missed having Matthew around.”以及文章第二段“My wife soon had a crazy idea. “Let’s get a dog.” she suggested.”可推知，去年大儿子上大学后，由于生活没有那么忙碌，也很思念自己的孩子，所以作者的妻子才想要养一条狗。故选D项。22．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“My wife soon had a crazy idea. “Let’s get a dog.” she suggested.以及“but I agreed”可知，but表示转折，即：虽然我对这个想法并不太满意（兴奋），但还是同意了，所以画线词thrilled意为“兴奋，高兴”。故选B项。23．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He is always there to greet us when we come home with a huge smile. He’s shown us more love than any other living creature on Earth ever had before.可知，作者夫妇与收养的斗牛犬过着充满爱的生活。故选C项。24．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者和妻子收养了一只斗牛犬，他们过着充满爱的生活，其目的就是分享关于收养宠物的温暖的故事。故选A项。