高考英语二轮复习大题优练6 七选五 议论文（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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   AMuch of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.   1   Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?  2   They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions.   3   In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.”   4  Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.  5   An A-team may require a balance — not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talentC. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.【答案】BEGDF【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。1.上文说大多数人认为建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人。下文说公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项（运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。）切题，故选B。2.下文说他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项（最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。）切题，故选E。3.上文说为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场精彩的表现要求队员们行动相互协调的程度，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项（这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。）切题，故选G。4.上文说一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现，该空承接上文，D选项（球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则）切题，故选D。5.下文说一支一流球队可能需要达到一种平衡，不仅仅有最好的球员，也有一些有雅量的普通球员。该空引出下文，F选项（建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。）切题，故选F。 BThe Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.   6   Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.   7   As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.   8  No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.   9   To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.  10   For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.It all depends on your character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【答案】FCAEG【解析】本文为议论文，文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。6.考查上下文串联。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F项（然而，并不是所有人都使用同样的考量标准来权衡风险和收益。）符含语境，故选F。7.考查上下文串联。前面提到hunting, fighting or exploring（捕猎、战斗和探索），C项中的those是对这些活动的指代，故选C。8.考查上下文串联。根据“humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.”可知，人们形成的不同类型的性格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选A。9.考查上下文串联。E项中的when与前句“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”中的teenage years对应，故选E。10.考查上下文串联。根据“For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.”可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大脑的关系，故选G。      AA Great Way to Teach Children to Take ResponsibilityAs parents, one of the most important things to teach children to take responsibility is to include chores as a part of their daily routine. In order to make a family function smoothly, every member must contribute. Teaching your children to take responsibility at an early age makes it easier for them to shoulder greater responsibilities as they grow older.  1   If your children leave their crayons lying on the table after drawing, picking up those crayons is not a chore. It is cleaning up a mess they have created.   2    3   For example, if it is to feed the dog every day, make sure  the children understand that if they fail in their responsibility, the dog will go hungry.Make rewards and punishments a part of the lesson. Together decide whether they will be rewarded or not.   4   Some parents make their reward a monetary payment, while others choose to reward with certain privileges, such as extra television viewing time.Children need to be taught that there are punishments for their actions in case of not doing their assigned chores. Decide and agree from the start what the punishment will be.Teaching your children the importance of contributing to the family is of great importance.   5   By taking this step, you have done a wonderful thing for your children by providing them with life skills they can take with them into society.A. A chore is a specific task a child has been assigned which helps improve the life of the entire family.B. And what punishment they will receive if a chore isn’t done.C. Actually you are taking a critical step in empowering them for their future.D. Start by teaching children the difference between a chore and cleaning up after themselves.E. Teach children the importance of each assignment and why it matters.F. Children will not be rewarded at all for merely cleaning up.G. And if so, what the reward will be for a job well done.【答案】DAEGC【解析】这是一篇议论文。通过实例说明父母应该如何教孩子承担责任。1.根据段落行文的规律，第一段往往是总说。而到第二段开始就是分说了。既然第一段已经总起这篇文章，那么第二段开始的地方就应该是描述如何承担责任的第一个环节。再根据这段后面的内容：如果你的孩子在画画之后将蜡笔留在桌上，那么收拾这些蜡笔就不是琐事，而是收拾打扫他们所造成的乱糟糟的环境。那么这段刚开始就应该说明这些内容的总起：以什么样的方式开始教孩子承担责任呢？选项D（事后通过教孩子区分琐事和自己清理干净之间的区别开始。）这一选项切合题意。故选D。2.上文提示：如果你的孩子在画画之后将蜡笔留在桌上，那么收拾这些蜡笔就不是家务事，而是收拾打扫他们所造成的乱糟糟的环境。那么接下来就应当讲述一下什么是琐事这个定义。因此A选项（琐事就是一项分配给孩子旨在帮助提升整个家庭的生活质量的特别的任务。）切合题意，故选A。3.下文提示：如果让孩子每天喂狗的话，要确保他们知道如果他们哪天没有喂的话，狗会挨饿。这件例子告诉我们一定要告诉孩子每一件事情的重要性以及这件事为什么重要。而E选项（教会孩子每项任务的重要性以及为什么重要。）切合题意，故选E。4.根据上下文得知此段的核心和关键词是讲奖励和惩罚。上文提示：让回报和惩罚成为教育的一部分。和孩子一起决定他们是否应该得到奖励。据此推定，选项G（如果应该的话，对于完成得好的任务应该得到什么奖励。）最切合题意。故选G。5.上文提示：教孩子为家庭做贡献非常重要。下文提示：通过这样做，你已经为你的孩子做了一件很好的事情，那就是让他们具备步入社会的生活技能。这个生活技能在这里指的是父母亲在培养孩子承担责任的同时收获了的技能，可以在社会上立足的技能。这个与孩子的未来生活密切相关，选项C（事实上，你所做的是非常重要的，能够帮助孩子为他们的将来赋能。）符合句意。故选C。 BA high school student has a science test on Monday but spends most of the weekend playing video games and does not start studying until late Sunday night. This kind of avoiding or delaying of work that needs to be done is called procrastination(拖沓). It has been said that up to 95% of people procrastinate at least sometimes, and about 20% of them do it too much.   6  The first factor is how pleasant or unpleasant people find a task. Research shows that people put off tasks they find unpleasant. Someone who loves bicycles might not delay fixing a tire, while someone who does not may put it off.  7   For example, those who have low expectations of success are more likely to delay starting a job. On the other hand, those who believe they can perform well take on challenging tasks rather than avoid them.  8   Studying hard in high school might not give high school students any immediate rewards; what they learn might not seem useful to the present. Sometimes, it is hard to see the benefit of making an effort when the reward is too far away.   9   Lastly, another factor is whether or not people can use self-control. Those who have less self-control can easily be drawn away from their work. Interestingly, age is said to be associated with self-control.   10  If procrastination is a problem for you, the first step to reducing it is identifying the reasons behind it. It is only by understanding the roots of your problem that you can choose the appropriate method for yourself. A. Besides, there is a link between procrastination and how long people must wait before they see the reward for an effort.B. Research shows that the older people become, the less likely they are to delay doing their work until the last minute.C. In addition, the amount of confidence they have in their ability to do a task is also related to procrastination.D. As it is common to most people, how to avoid procrastination has become a major concern.E. What’s more, it has been argued that too much confidence can also lead to procrastination.F. Although researchers do not agree on all the reasons behind procrastination, there is general agreement about some factors that can explain it.G. This can explain why many people do not start saving money for their old age when they are young.【答案】FCAGB【解析】本文是议论文。短文从四个方面来分析了有拖延症的原因。6.承上启下句。下文提示：第一个因素是人们觉得一项任务的喜欢程度。研究表明，人们会推迟他们不喜欢的任务。所以空格处应该提到拖沓的原因。选项F（尽管研究人员对产生拖延症的所有原因并没有达成一致意见，但在一些能够解释拖延症的因素上却达成了普遍共识。）符合题意，故选F。7.主旨句。第一段叙述的是第一个拖沓的原因，第二段叙述的是第二个拖沓的原因。下文提示：那些对成功期望较低的人更有可能推迟工作。另一方面，那些相信自己能出色完成任务的人会接受具有挑战性的任务，而不是逃避它们。这里叙述了两种情况，选项C（此外，他们对自己完成任务的能力的自信程度也与拖延症有关。）符合题意，故选C。8.主旨句。空格后句提到高中努力学习可能不会给高中生任何即时的奖励。这里提到关键词rewards，选项A（此外，拖延症和人们必须等待多久才能看到努力的回报是有联系的。）也到了reward，故选A。9.承上句。上文提示：有时，当回报太遥远时，很难看到努力的好处。因此引出选项G（这可以解释为什么很多人年轻时不开始存钱养老。），前后句式为因果关系。故选G。10.承上句。上文提示：有趣的是，据说年龄与自我控制有关。后面叙述的是年龄与自控的关系。选项B（研究表明，年纪越大的人越不可能把工作拖到最后时刻。）符合题意，前后句是解释说明的关系。故选B。CI like my job. It may be my nature that draws me to this kind of job. I work at Izzy’s Pizza Bar.One day an elderly couple came in just after 3p. m. The first thing they said was, “Where is Nan?” Nan is my mother. She was not in that day. It was her day off.  11  , since they liked to talk with my mom. But when I explained I was her daughter, they were thrilled to meet me. We enjoyed our conversation, comparable to a girl speaking with her grandparents. They are the type of people who understand me and have a positive attitude towards my job.Later that night, I waited on two men. It took some effort to get them to be friendly. I explained I was waitressing over the summer to make some extra cash for school.   12  , since she was also my coworker. They said they were very surprised at the idea of me and my mother waiting on people at the same restaurant. The two men were quite different.   13  .Once all the customers had finished eating, I began my closing duties, using the time to reflect on my day, or rather, life. I rushed around getting everything done, thinking about those two men.  14  . We should treat people with respect, regardless of their occupation. I could have let those two men make me feel ashamed, but I didn’t.   15  . I will always have pride in the person I was, am, and aim to be. A. I had always received a positive response from everyone else I had toldB. Everyone should have equal opportunities in getting a jobC. I also said I was grateful that my mom had trained meD. On the contrary, I felt really proudE. This couple got a lot of enjoyment out of eating in this restaurantF. You could say they were very disappointed to know thatG. Your job doesn’t have to state who you are as a person【答案】FCAGD【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在妈妈工作的同一家店里做兼职，通过与客人的交流，作者感悟到了一个道理：不要考虑别人的看法，应该对自己感到骄傲。11.考查上下文逻辑。根据下文“since they liked to talk with my mom.”可推知这对上了年纪的夫妇知道作者妈妈休班后应该很失望。因此F选项（你可以猜得出听到妈妈休班，他们多失望）符合语境。故选F。12.考查上下文逻辑。根据下文“since she was also my coworker.”可知作者不仅仅额外挣些钱，在工作中也向妈妈学到了很多。因此C选项（我也说我很感激妈妈对我进行了培训）符合语境。故选C。13.考查上下文逻辑。根据上文“They said they were very surprised at the idea of me and my mother waiting on people at the same restaurant. The two men were quite different.”可知这两个男顾客非常不同于其他顾客，接下来应该是解释这两位男顾客与其他人的不同。因此A选项（我从其他人那里获得的都是积极的回应）符合语境。故选A。14.考查上下文逻辑。根据上文可知作者没有受到两位男顾客看法的影响，继续工作。结合下句“We should treat people with respect, regardless of their occupation.”（我们应该尊重人们，不管他们是什么职业。）由此可知G选项（你的工作不必说明你是什么样的人）合适。故选G。15.考查上下文逻辑。根据上句”I could have let those two men make me feel ashamed, but I didn’t.”可知作者并没有因为两个男顾客的言论而是自己感到忏愧。那么D选项（恰恰相反，我感到很自豪）非常切题。故选D。