(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第二册　Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含详解)

选择性必修第二册　Unit 1  Science and Scientists

完形填空·集中练

Ⅰ.完形填空

[一]

(2021·江苏盐城质检)

A heroic guy named Philip Blanks，a former high school football player，saved a 3-year-old boy falling from a third-floor apartment in Phoenix，Arizona.This wide receiver(接球员) probably caught the best   1   in his life! While playing football in high school，he surely didn’t imagine that his   2   will save a life one day.

The   3   incident happened on 3rd July,2020 and a video shot by a bystander(旁观者)   4   the entire incident.An apartment in Phoenix caught fire and in the midst of rising flames，a mother was   5   her son from the third-floor balcony to save him from the fire.The mother，already on fire，remained   6   inside and didn’t survive，but she made the ultimate   7   of saving her child from the awful fire.

When the fire   8  ，Blanks was at a friend’s apartment in the same building.  9   he heard a lot of screaming.People standing outside the building were   10   that the burning building still had people in it.Blanks didn’t   11   to run ahead and catch the falling child.It was almost like an instinct for him.When he saw the child twirling down from the third-floor balcony，he immediately had a tunnel   12  .All he could see for the moment was the   13  .

Blanks managed to catch the boy   14   fell on his side，which damaged the child’s foot.Blanks ran away from the site immediately with the child in his arms.

It was quite a(n)   15   task to catch a child falling from a building.But this heroic guy made it possible.

1．A.breath   B．sight

C．ride   D．catch

答案　D

解析　breath呼吸；sight视力，视野；ride旅行；catch接球。根据上文“a former high school football player”和“This wide receiver(接球员)”可推知，Philip Blanks曾经是一名橄榄球运动员，此处将孩子比喻成“球”，被Blanks接到。故选D项。

2．A.resources   B．questions

C．skills   D．possessions

答案　C

解析　句意为：当Philip Blanks在学校玩橄榄球时，他肯定没想到自己的技能在某一天能够挽救一个生命。resource资源；question问题；skill技能；possession财产。故选C项。

3．A.tragic   B．domestic

C．famous   D．mysterious

答案　A

解析　句意为：这个悲惨的事故发生在2020年的7月3日，并且整个事件过程被旁观者抓拍。tragic悲惨的；domestic国内的；famous著名的；mysterious神秘的。故选A项。

4．A.captured   B．caused

C．handled   D．hatched

答案　A

解析　capture拍摄，捕获；cause引起；handle处理；hatch孵化。根据上文“a video shot by a bystander(旁观者)”可知，一名旁观者录制了视频，拍下了Philip Blanks救人的整个过程。故选A项。

5．A.pulling   B．throwing

C．bathing   D．feeding

答案　B

解析　句意为：在菲尼克斯的一间公寓发生了火灾，在升起的火焰中，一位母亲为挽救她的儿子，将孩子从三楼的阳台上扔了下去。pull推；throw扔；bath洗澡；feed喂养。故选B项。

6．A.seated   B．focused

C．stuck   D．hidden

答案　C

解析　句意为：这位母亲仍陷在火场里面，没有活下来，但是她做出最后的牺牲来挽救她的孩子。seat就座；focus集中；stick插入，陷入；hide隐藏。故选C项。

7．A.conclusion   B．compromise

C．suggestion   D．sacrifice

答案　D

解析　句意见上题解析。conclusion总结；compromise妥协；suggestion建议；sacrifice牺牲。故选D项。

8．A.looked up   B．turned up

C．went out   D．broke out

答案　D

解析　句意为：当火灾爆发的时候，Philip Blanks在同一栋楼里的朋友家。look up查阅；turn up出现，露面；go out外出，熄灭；break out爆发。故选D项。

9．A.Eventually   B．Suddenly

C．Randomly   D．Originally

答案　B

解析　句意为：突然，他听见许多尖叫声。eventually最后；suddenly突然；randomly随意地；originally原始地。故选B项。

10．A.shouting   B．objecting

C．signaling   D．advocating

答案　A

解析　句意为：站在公寓外的人们大喊“燃烧的公寓里还有人”。shout大喊；object反对；signal发信号，示意；advocate拥护，支持。故选A项。

11．A.refuse   B．hesitate

C．demand   D．promise

答案　B

解析　句意为：Blanks毫不犹豫就朝前跑去，接住那个掉落的孩子。refuse拒绝；hesitate犹豫；demand要求；promise允诺。根据下文“It was almost like an instinct for him.”可知，Philip Blanks像出于本能一样来做这件事，即他没有犹豫。故选B项。

12．A.floor   B．wall

C．vision   D．system

答案　C

解析　句意为：当他看见孩子从三楼阳台上掉下来的时候，他立即集中注意力。floor地板；wall墙；vision视力，视野；system系统。故选C项。

13．A.child   B．mother

C．balcony   D．tunnel

答案　A

解析　句意为：那一刻他所能看见的就是孩子。child孩子；mother母亲；balcony阳台；tunnel地下通道。故选A项。

14．A.so   B．or

C．and   D．but

答案　D

解析　句意为：Blanks设法接住了孩子，但是侧身摔倒了，伤了孩子的脚。so因此；or或者；and并且；but但是。故选D项。

15．A.critical   B．fundamental

C．impossible   D．unpleasant

答案　C

解析　critical批判的；fundamental根本的，基础的；impossible不可能的；unpleasant令人不快的。根据下文“But this heroic guy made it possible.”可知这个英勇的人让这件事变成可能，与前文形成对比。故选C项。

[二]

Jarrett Little was road testing his mountain bike outside of Columbus，Georgia，when his riding partner，Chris Dixon，stopped suddenly.Something   1   in the distance among the trees had caught her attention.It   2   out to be a sandy-colored five-month-old puppy.

“He was really thin，his ribs were showing，and he had a broken leg，” Little told John Parks，a reporter from CBS News.The cyclists   3   the friendly pup and shared their water.They also quickly realized that the dog was coming with them，although they had no idea how.They were more than seven miles from downtown and riding bikes.“We couldn’t   4   him，” Little said.“Out there，next to the Oxbow Meadows，he was going to   5   as the food of alligators living in the river.”

Little，a 31-year-old businessman，had an idea.He carefully picked up his new   6   and slipped the 38-pound dog’s hind legs into the back pockets of his cycling coat.Then he put the dog’s front paws   7   his shoulders.

“He was   8  ，so he wasn’t trying to fight，” Little said.“He was also   9   that we were there，touching him，and hadn’t left him behind.”

The group’s 30-minute   10   into town ended at a bike store，where they got more water and food for the dog.That was when Andrea Shaw，an accountant from Maine in town on business，happened to come by.“The dog ran to her straight，licking and rubbing against her，”said Dixon.Shaw was a little surprised.  11  ，learning what had happened，she declared her   12  ，“I am keeping this dog.”

Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they’d   13   and scheduled an   14   on his leg.Today Columbo is living a happy life on a farm with a horse，a pony，a six-year-old boy，to keep him company.As Dixon told John Parks，“He is literally the   15   dog alive.”

1．A.jumping   B．moving

C．yelling   D．flying

答案　B

解析　句意为：远处某个在树丛中移动的东西引起了她的注意。jump跳过；move移动；yell叫喊；fly飞。故选B。

2．A.came   B．ran

C．turned   D．found

答案　C

解析　句意为：原来是一条五个月大的浅棕色小狗。come out出版，发行；run out用完，耗尽；turn out结果是，原来是；find out查明。故选C。

3．A.fed   B．seized

C．picked   D．caught

答案　A

解析　句意为：这两个骑行者喂了这条小狗，并把他们的水分享给它喝。feed喂养；seize抓住；pick挑选，选择；catch抓住。故选A。

4．A.leave   B．take

C．possess   D．save

答案　A

解析　句意为：Little说：“我们不能丢下它。”leave留下，丢下；take带走；possess拥有；save挽救。故选A。

5．A.give up   B．eat up

C．end up   D．look up

答案　C

解析　句意为：它最终将成为生活在河里的鳄鱼的食物。give up放弃；eat up吃光；end up最终成为；look up查找。故选C。

6．A.gift   B．friend

C．coat   D．bike

答案　B

解析　句意为：他小心地抱起他的新朋友，把这只38磅重的狗的后腿塞进他的骑行服的后口袋里。gift礼物；friend朋友；coat外套；bike自行车。故选B。

7．A.around   B．against

C．beyond   D．over

答案　D

解析　句意为：然后把狗的前爪搭在他的肩膀上。around围绕；against紧靠，倚着；beyond超过，越过；over在……上面。故选D。

8．A.abandoned   B．beaten

C．bound   D．injured

答案　D

解析　句意为：它受伤了，所以它不想抗争。abandoned被遗弃的；beaten被打败的；bound一定的；injured受伤的。故选D。

9．A.happy   B．upset

C．calm   D．scared

答案　A

解析　句意为：它也很高兴我们在那里，抚摸它，没有丢下它。happy快乐的；upset苦恼的；calm镇静的；scared惊恐的。故选A。

10．A.walk   B．march

C．ride   D．tour

答案　C

解析　句意为：他们骑了30分钟的车到镇上，最后到了一家自行车店，在那里他们给狗买了更多的水和食物。walk步行；march行军，游行示威；ride骑行；tour旅行。故选C。

11．A.Finally   B．Afterwards

C．Moreover   D．Still

答案　B

解析　句意为：Shaw有点惊讶，后来得知发生了什么，她宣布了她的打算：“我要养这只狗。”finally最后，终于；afterwards后来；moreover此外；still仍然。故选B。

12．A.adventure   B．emotion

C．approach   D．intention

答案　D

解析　句意见上题解析。adventure冒险活动；emotion情绪，情感；approach方法；intention意图，打算。故选D。

13．A.fought   B．met

C．lived   D．knew

答案　B

解析　句意为：Shaw叫它Columbo，以他们相遇的城镇命名，并为它安排了腿部手术。fight斗争；meet遇见；live居住；know知道。故选B。

14．A.investigation   B．plan

C．experiment   D．operation

答案　D

解析　investigation调查，研究；plan计划；experiment实验；operation手术。根据上文可知，小狗的腿受伤了，所以Shaw准备给它的腿做“手术”。故选D。

15．A.luckiest   B．best

C．richest   D．coolest

答案　A

解析　句意为：它简直是世上最幸运的狗。luckiest最幸运的；best最好的；richest最富有的；coolest最凉的，最酷的。故选A。

语法填空＋应用文写作·综合练

Ⅱ.语法填空

(2021·河北石家庄质检)

Zhong Fangrong，whose score in the latest Gaokao was among the best in China，reaffirmed her decision to major in archaeology on Tuesday,1.        (ignore) the head-shaking of shocked netizens.

Zhong could have chosen 2.        (virtual) any major at any university in the country.So it surprised people when she signed up for archaeology，one of the least popular 3.        (major) in China.

In a letter replying 4.         the famous Chinese archaeologist Fan Jinshi，Zhong expressed her desire to follow her heart，as Fan had done.Zhong said it was Fan 5.         had influenced her and gave her the confidence to study archaeology，and she wanted to follow in Fan’s footsteps and devote 6.        (she) to the field.

Earlier this month，Zhong，a student from a small village,7.         (make) headlines for her high score.8.        (describe) as a “left-behind girl” by Chinese media，Zhong 9.        

(raise) by her grandparents after her parents left their hometown to work for years in Guangzhou.

Some netizens were surprised 10.         Zhong’s decision and said her choice would make it difficult for her to find a good job after graduation.In China，finance，science and advanced technology are thought to be more promising.

1．答案　ignoring

解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，又因主语Zhong Fangrong和ignore之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填ignoring。

2．答案　virtually

解析　考查词性转换。副词virtually意为“几乎，差不多”，修饰动词chosen作状语。故填virtually。

3．答案　majors

解析　考查名词的单复数。短语one of...意为“……之一”，后接可数名词复数形式。故填majors。

4．答案　to

解析　考查固定搭配。固定短语reply to“给……的答复”，空格处缺少介词to。 故填to。

5．答案　who/that

解析　考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个强调句。此处强调人，可以用that也可以用who引导。故填who/that。

6．答案　herself

解析　考查固定短语。固定搭配devote oneself to意为“献身于……/致力于……”，结合句意，钟芳蓉对应的反身代词是herself，故填herself。

7．答案　made

解析　考查动词时态。分析句子可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填made。

8．答案　Described

解析　考查非谓语动词。describe与主句的主语Zhong是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用describe的过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Described。

9．答案　was raised

解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Zhong和raise之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且由上下文可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，主语Zhong是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填was raised。

10．答案　by

解析　考查介词。be surprised by为固定搭配，意为“对……感到惊讶”。故填by。

Ⅲ.应用文写作

(2021·河南濮阳检测)

你校最近举行了一次英语演讲比赛，你获得了一等奖。请你发表获奖感言，内容包括：

1．特别感谢一个人；

2．表达衷心的祝愿。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。

I’m greatly honored to receive the first prize in the English Speech Contest.             

参考范文

I’m greatly honored to receive the first prize in the English Speech Contest.Standing here，I’d like to express my thanks to many people，like my teachers，my parents and my friends.Among them，my foreign teacher Mr Smith is the person to whom I’d like to extend my deepest gratitude.Mr Smith has spared no effort to help me correct my grammar mistakes in my speech and improve my pronunciation.Without his help，I wouldn’t have achieved this.

I really appreciate having been offered this opportunity and I hope the English Speech Contest will continue to provide a great stage for students learning English where they can express their ideas in English confidently.