(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第二册　Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land (含详解)

选择性必修第二册　Unit 4  Journey Across a Vast Land

阅读·提速练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·江苏泰州质检)

Check out some fun weekend activities from our friends at Arizona Parenting.

Walk in the Wild：Walk or run for wildlife at the Phoenix Zoo’s Walk in the Wild 2016.Put on your favorite animal dress and take part in the one mile or 5K，enjoying the sights and sounds of the Zoo.Walk in the Wild includes a morning full of unique activities you won’t find at any other valley walk，including all-day zoo admission and a lakeside after-party.

Register online.6－10 a．m.Phoenix Zoo,455 North Galvin Parkway，Phoenix.602－286－3800.

Free Museum Day：It is hosted by Sesame Street and HBO at the Children’s Museum of Phoenix.Kids can participate in activities，enjoy a performance by the Sesame Street Muppets and get to join the Everyday Heroes Club.An act of kindness is all it takes to become a member.Performances and activities will take place at 10：30－11：30 a．m.and 1：30－2：30 p．m.

9 a．m.－4 p．m.Children’s Museum of Phoenix,215 N．7th Street，Phoenix.602－253－0501.

Sunday A’Fair：Sunday A’Fair features free outdoor concerts in Scottsdale Civic Center Park by top Arizona musicians，along with an arts-and-crafts market，fun activities for children and families，guided tours of the sculptures in the park and free admission to Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art(SMoCA)．Guests are invited to bring blankets，lawn chairs or picnic baskets，and enjoy a relaxing afternoon of great entertainment.Delicious foods，snacks，beer，wine and soft drinks are also available for purchase.

12－4 p．m.Scottsdale Center for the Performing Arts,7380 E．2nd St.，Scottsdale.480－994－ARTS(2787)．

1．What can children do at Walk in the Wild?

A．Join in the 5-mile walk.

B．Attend courses for free.

C．Wear animal-shaped clothes.

D．Enjoy good company of wild animals.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Put on your favorite animal dress and take part in the one mile or 5K，enjoying the sights and sounds of the Zoo.”可知，在Walk in the Wild活动中，孩子们可以穿上他们最喜欢的动物造型的衣服。故选C项。

2．What qualification is needed to join the Everyday Heroes Club?

A．Do a good deed.

B．Donate money to the club.

C．Be active in school activities.

D．Be ready to help protect wildlife.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据Free Museum Day中的“An act of kindness is all it takes to become a member.”可知，一个小小的善举就可以成为Everyday Heroes Club的会员。故选A项。

3．Where can one go to buy some works of art?

A．The Phoenix Zoo.

B．Scottsdale Civic Center Park.

C．The Children’s Museum of Phoenix.

D．Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“in Scottsdale Civic Center Park by top Arizona musicians，along with an arts-and-crafts market”可知，Scottsdale Civic Center Park有艺术品市场，在这里可以买到艺术品，故选B项。

B

(2021·湖南名校联考)

It was a very hot day in late summer.I was a young dad working in a local wood mill.It was dangerous，back-breaking work that paid very little.In the year I had worked there only four other people hadn’t quit and been replaced with new faces.Those of us who stayed did so only because there was no other work to find to support our families.

On this day the fans weren’t working and all of us were covered in sweat and sawdust.When I looked around，every face I saw looked angry and frustrated.Suddenly，a voice called out，“Hey! There’s a deer in here.” A lost little doe had wandered through the open loading bay doors and was now cowering(蜷缩) in between the huge stacks of wood.All of us stopped working and went looking for her as she ran about looking for a way out.

Now most people where I live hunt deer for meat in the fall，but also treat them with great kindness the rest of the year.Many will even buy 50lb bags of corn to help feed them during the harsh winter months.It was no surprise then that all of us were soon quickly working together to free this little doe.By blocking off all the other routes we were able to guide her panic search back to the open bay doors.We watched as she jumped out of the building and back into the woods.Then we walked back in to work.I noticed something，though.On every face there was a joyful smile.It was as if this one single act of kindness had energized us again and reminded us of what life was all about.

4．Why were few people willing to work in the wood mill?

A．They wanted more freedom.

B．They didn’t like the boss.

C．The pay and conditions were bad.

D．They wanted more pleasure.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was dangerous，back-breaking work that paid very little.”可知，工作环境恶劣，工资低是木场留不住人的关键。故选C项。

5．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A．The workers often saw a deer there.

B．The deer was a light to the dull work.

C．The deer was trapped in a big well.

D．All the workers wanted to catch the deer.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，工人们工作得非常辛苦，但是当听到有小鹿迷路的时候，大家停下手中的工作，开始帮助它。由此可推知，对于工人们来说，这只鹿像是一束光，给他们无聊的工作带来了乐趣。故选B项。

6．How did the men free the deer in the end?

A．By opening one route.

B．By dropping some food.

C．By using familiar signals.

D．By imitating another deer.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“By blocking off all the other routes we were able to guide her panic search back to the open bay doors.”可知，通过堵住其他路线，只留下小鹿可以逃走的门，小鹿得以返回森林。故选A项。

7．Which of the following best describes the workers?

A．Bad-tempered but patient.

B．Hard-working and loving.

C．Cautious and courageous.

D．Bad-tempered and demanding.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章一开始提到这里工作艰苦工资又低，但是他们坚持留了下来。最后当小鹿有麻烦时，他们能帮助小鹿返回森林。综合分析，文章充分说明了工人们工作努力，且有爱心。故选B项。

C

(2021·山东、湖北联考)

“While animals can’t pick out precise numbers，they can understand that more is more.Interestingly，we know now that numerical(数字的) competence is present on almost every branch of the animal tree of life，” says Andreas Nieder，a neurobiologist from the University of Tuebingen.“Different groups of animals obviously developed this trait(特点) independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”

Honeybees，for instance，can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back to the hive.The last common ancestor between honeybees and primates lived about 600 million years ago.But still，they evolved numerical competence that，in many respects，is comparable to vertebrate(脊椎动物的) numerical competence.Also，for example，male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females.The females，listening for the complexity of their calls，choose the male that sings the most calls.

Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for the size of their prey(猎物)：With prey like deer，only around six to eight wolves are needed，while hunting wild ox requires a pack of nine to thirteen.Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves from predators—deer tend to live in large herds to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey.So obviously they are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations.

Despite these many examples of numerical competence in animals，this subject has not gotten many first-hand studies.“Many of these behavioral findings in the wild have usually been collected as by-products or accidental findings of other research questions，” says Nieder.He argues that more research needs to be done to fully understand the numerical competence.

8．The phenomenon of animals having their own numerical competence shows that         .

A．all groups of animals are related in some ways

B．numerical competence must have a survival benefit

C．the intelligence of animals varies with different environments

D．animals’ numerical competence is determined by their adaptability

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Different groups of animals obviously developed this trait(特点)independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”以及第二段的例子可推知，动物具有数字能力是为了生存需要。故选B。

9．What role does numerical competence play in wolves’ hunting?

A．It helps them form hunting groups.

B．It gives them more options to hunt.

C．It makes them discover more prey.

D．It offers them new skills to hunt.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for the size of their prey(猎物)．..”可知，如果狼群中狼的数量与猎物的大小相符，狼更有可能成功捕食，由此可知，在狼的狩猎中数字能力能帮助它们形成狩猎群体。故选A。

10．How does the author mainly develop this text?

A．By listing figures.

B．By asking questions.

C．By giving examples.

D．By making comparisons.

答案　C

解析　篇章结构题。根据第二段中的“Honeybees，for instance...”“Also，for example，male frogs sing ‘advertisement’ calls to attract females.”和第三段中的“Wolves are more...deer tend to live in large herds...”可知，作者是通过列举honeybees，frogs，wolves，deer这些例子来阐明文章的。故选C。

11．From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.

B．A health magazine.

C．A travel brochure.

D．A research paper.

答案　D

解析　文章出处题。阅读文章，并根据最后一段中的“Despite these many examples of numerical competence in animals，this subject has not gotten many first-hand studies.”可知，本文讲述了最近的一项研究表明，动物不仅具有理解数字的能力，而且这一能力还对它们的日常生活有着巨大的影响，所以本文应该选自一篇研究论文。故选D。

D

(2021·山东济南质检)

European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust.The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future.Researchers from the European Space Agency，or ESA，carried out the experiments at a laboratory in the Netherlands.

The team says ESA’s experimental “plant” was able to successfully produce oxygen from simulated moon dust.The dust is part of a material known as regolith，a top layer of dirt and rock pieces that sit on the surface of the moon.Samples of regolith returned from the moon have confirmed that the material contains about 45 percent oxygen by weight.However，the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass，so it is not easily available for use.Having real samples of regolith from the moon made it possible for the researchers to create the simulated moon dust material used during testing.

The oxygen extraction(提取) process is carried out using a method called molten salt electrolysis(熔盐电解)．This includes first placing the regolith in a metal container.Calcium chloride salt is added to the mixture，which is then heated to 950 degrees Celsius.At this temperature，the regolith remains solid.Next，an electrical current is passed through the material.The researchers say it is this step that results in oxygen being extracted from the regolith.The study reported that up to 96 percent of oxygen in the simulated moon dust was extracted during the experiments.

ESA’s long-term goal is to design an oxygen-producing “pilot plant” to operate full-time on the moon.The first technology demonstration of the system is expected to take place in the middle 2020s.Beth Lomax，a lead researcher on the project，said，“Being able to acquire oxygen from resources found on the moon would obviously be hugely useful for future lunar settlers，both for breathing and the local production of rocket fuel.”The researchers reported that “as a bonus”，the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials.

ESA and the US space agency NASA are both working on plans to return human beings to the moon.NASA has set a goal for 2024 with the aim to keep humans on the moon for long periods.

12．Why is oxygen from moon dust difficult to use?

A．It is tough for human beings to get moon dust.

B．It is chemically fixed in the form of minerals or glass.

C．The conditions of moon dust are terrible.

D．There exits only a little of it.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“However，the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass，so it is not easily available for use.”可知，月球尘埃中的氧气难以使用是因为它以化学方式固定在矿物质或玻璃中。故选B项。

13．What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A．What molten salt electrolysis is.

B．Where the value of the study lies.

C．How oxygen is extracted from moon dust.

D．What is necessary in the oxygen extraction process.

答案　C

解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲了如何从月球尘埃中提取氧气。故选C项。

14．What is Beth Lomax’s attitude towards the possibility of getting oxygen from moon dust?

A．Positive.   B．Skeptical.

C．Cautious.   D．Indifferent.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第四段Beth Lomax说的话可知，Beth Lomax对于能够从月球尘埃中获取氧气的可能性持积极态度。故选A项。

15．What can be the best title for the text?

A．Recent Studies of Moon Dust by Researchers

B．How Researchers Extracted Oxygen from Moon Dust

C．Potential Significance of Oxygen Extracted from Moon Dust

D．Researchers Report Extracting Oxygen from Moon Dust Successfully

答案　D

解析　标题归纳题。从首段“European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust.”可知，文章主要讲述了欧洲研究人员称他们已成功地从月球尘埃中提取出了氧气。故选D项。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021·浙江质检)

If your roommate snores in a way that is preventing you from getting your much-needed zzz’s every night，you’ll need to address the situation as soon as possible.Doing so wisely，however，is likely to increase your chances of finding a workable solution that everyone is happy with.

•First and Foremost，Mention It to Your Roommate

If your roommate snores a lot，you’ll have to bring it up if you’re ever going to move toward a solution.  1   Avoid angry accusations like “You snore so much！” or “Why are you snoring like that all the time？”

•Remember That Snoring Can Indicate Some Other Issues

Don’t just view snoring as a bad habit; it can be a medical issue for some people，too.The multiple causes of snoring should help you keep in mind that this isn’t something that can just be fixed，like a dirty roommate or one who takes your stuff all of the time.  2 

•Find Some Temporary Fixes

As you and your roommate work to find long-term solutions to the snoring problem，look into some short-term fixes first.Can you get earplugs?   3   Rearrange the beds of your room so they aren’t so close? Perhaps you can ask your roommate to avoid alcohol before bed，or look into getting and using a white noise machine.

•Look into Long-term Fixes

Your roommate might just need to change some sleeping habits; similarly，they might also have some serious medical concerns that aren’t going to be fixed quite so easily.  4   Know that it’s perfectly okay for one of those fixes to be finding another roommate.Sleep is important—for both of you.

•Keep Things Pleasant and Friendly

  5   Would you want someone，for example，taking video of your snoring and posting it online somewhere? Definitely not.Your roommate’s snoring isn’t an intentional act designed to make your life horrible.Consequently，aim for understanding and patience as you both work to find a solution.

A．For example，you’ve been told you snore a bit.

B．If that is the case，turn to some long-term fixes.

C．How you bring the topic up，however，matters a lot.

D．Ask your roommate to try to sleep on the other side?

E．It doesn’t have to mean anyone is doing anything wrong.

F．Consider how you’d want to be treated if you were in your roommate’s shoes.

G．Be patient and considerate as your roommate looks into what’s causing the snoring.

1．答案　C

解析　上文提到了要和室友指出他打呼噜的问题，后文则是说明要避免愤怒的指责，故本句为过渡句，指出提出这个话题的方式很重要。上文中的“bring it up”可对应C选项中的“bring the topic up”。故C选项“但是，你如何提出这个话题，这很重要”符合语境，故选C。

2．答案　G

解析　结合上文提到的打鼾原因可知，本句主要在说明对待室友调查打鼾原因的态度。上文中的“The multiple causes of snoring”可对应G选项中的“what’s causing the snoring”。故G选项“当你的室友调查打鼾的原因时，要耐心和体贴”符合语境，故选G。

3．答案　D

解析　根据上文“Can you get earplugs？”以及后文“Rearrange the beds of your room so they aren’t so close？”可知，前后文通过反问句来提出应对室友打鼾的暂时性的解决措施，故D选项“让你的室友试着睡在另一边？”符合语境，故选D。

4．答案　B

解析　根据本段标题和前文可知，本段主要在说明针对室友打鼾长期的解决措施，小标题中的“Long-term Fixes”可对应B选项中的“long-term fixes”。故B选项“如果是这样的话，转向一些长期的解决办法”符合语境，故选B。

5．答案　F

解析　根据后文列举的例子可知，要和室友换位思考，站在室友的立场上，思考希望别人怎么对待自己。故F选项“考虑一下，如果你站在室友的立场上，你希望别人怎么对待你”符合语境，故选F。