(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第四册　Unit 1　Science Fiction (含详解)

选择性必修第四册　Unit 1　Science Fiction

完形填空·集中练

Ⅰ.完形填空

[一]

(2021·福建福州质检)

Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success   1   fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the   2   in our lives.

When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931，he had no way of knowing that his life was to change completely.The class experiment that day was to   3   how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling(冒泡) to the surface.  4  ，the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat   5   held something more volatile(易挥发的) than water.When Wilson heated it，the container   6  ，leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.

When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later，his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had   7   their lives.But Wilson did not regard the accident as catastrophic.He learned braille(盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.There，he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)   8   public speaker.

Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered from   9   for lack of proper treatment.For him，it was one thing to   10   his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue   11   it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the   12   Wilson made to preventing the preventable.

Wilson received several international   13   for his great contributions.He lost his sight but found a   14  .He proved that it’s not what happens to us that   15   our lives—it’s what we make of what happens.

1．A.depends   B．holds

C．keeps   D．reflects

答案　A

解析　句意为：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on取决于；hold on坚持住；keep on继续；reflect on认真思考。故选A。

2．A.dilemmas   B．accidents

C．events   D．steps

答案　C

解析　句意见上题解析。dilemma进退两难的处境；accident意外事故；event事，事件；step脚步，步骤。故选C。

3．A.direct   B．show

C．advocate   D．declare

答案　B

解析　根据主语experiment可知实验是要展示(show)一种现象。direct指导，管理；advocate提倡，倡导；declare宣布。故选B。

4．A.Anyway   B．Moreover

C．Somehow   D．Thus

答案　C

解析　句意为：不知怎么地，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。anyway无论如何，不管怎样；moreover而且；somehow不知怎么地；thus因此。故选C。

5．A.mistakenly   B．casually

C．amazingly   D．clumsily

答案　A

解析　句意见上题解析。mistakenly错误地；casually随意地；amazingly令人惊奇地；clumsily笨拙地。由下文事故的发生可知，老师在容器里误装了东西。故选A。

6．A.erupted   B．exploded

C．emptied   D．exposed

答案　B

解析　句意为：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊双目失明。erupt爆发，喷出；explode爆炸；empty腾空，掏空；expose揭露，使暴露。故选B。

7．A.submitted to   B．catered for

C．impressed on   D．happened to

答案　D

解析　句意为：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。submit to提交，顺从……；cater for迎合；impress on给……留下印象；happen to发生。故选D。

8．A.accomplished   B．crucial

C．specific   D．innocent

答案　A

解析　句意为：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成了一名技艺高超的演说家。accomplished才华高的，技艺高超的；crucial至关重要的，关键性的；specific特定的，具体的；innocent无辜的，天真的。故选A。

9．A.deafness   B．depression

C．blindness   D．speechlessness

答案　C

解析　根据上文他的眼睛失明，并结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see...”可知，在非洲有很多人因缺少适当的治疗而失明(blindness)。故选C。

10．A.decide   B．abandon

C．control   D．accept

答案　D

解析　句意为：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。decide决定；abandon抛弃；control控制；accept接受。故选D。

11．A.until   B．when

C．unless   D．before

答案　B

解析　句意见上题解析。until直到；when在……情况下，当……时候；unless除非；before在……之前。故选B。

12．A.opposition   B．adjustments

C．commitment   D．limitations

答案　C

解析　句意为：因为威尔逊对于预防可预防的疾病的贡献，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都可以恢复视力了。opposition反对；adjustment调整，调节；commitment奉献，投入；limitation限制。该空和后文中的“great contributions”相呼应。故选C。

13．A.scholarships   B．rewards

C．awards   D．bonuses

答案　C

解析　句意为：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。scholarship奖学金；reward奖励，回报；award奖，奖品；bonus红利，津贴。故选C。

14．A.fortune   B．recipe

C．dream   D．vision

答案　D

解析　句意为：他失明了，但“眼界”开阔了。fortune运气，财富；recipe食谱，秘诀；dream梦，梦想；vision视野，眼界。故选D。

15．A.distinguishes   B．determines

C．claims   D．limits

答案　B

解析　句意为：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情(决定了我们的生活)。distinguish区分，辨别；determine决定；claim宣称；limit限制。故选B。

[二]

(2021·江苏泰州质检)

The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile.A smile can open doors and tear down walls among   1  .

I have organized and reorganized an   2   with the dentist for months.I also   3   it twice and called the day before to ensure all the paperwork would be ready for the X-rays.

Then I arrived.It wasn’t   4   at all.The lady there even had no idea what I was talking about.I   5   felt my blood boil.I was getting so   6  .I didn’t yell at her but I might as well have because the   7   I was talking to her was not nice.I spoke down to her like she was a child and incapable.It was not a good moment.The whole time she smiled and was   8   to me.

Only when everything was finally   9   was I nice.I sat down in the waiting area and   10   it all.How can I make it better? How can I make up for my   11   behavior a moment ago? I couldn’t.I could gift her a chocolate bar I had on me，but this needed more than that.It needed an honest   12  .And that is exactly what I gave.

I apologized for the way I had spoken to her and told her it was wrong of me.She accepted.Again with a hope.That experience helps me be that woman who smiles and forgives so   13  .I don’t get it right every time.I can be rude and when I am，I almost   14   myself for it.I am not that person，not anymore.Yet I continue to grow and continue to   15  .It’s true that smile vanished my anger and opened a door to understanding.

1．A.friends   B．strangers

C．patients   D．relatives

答案　B

解析　句意为：微笑可以打开门，拆掉在陌生人之间的墙壁。friend朋友；stranger陌生人；patient病人；relative亲戚。故选B。

2．A.interview   B．operation

C．experiment   D．appointment

答案　D

解析　句意为：数月来我一次又一次地与牙医进行预约。interview采访；operation手术；experiment实验；appointment约会，预约。故选D。

3．A.confirmed   B．arranged

C．discussed   D．admitted

答案　A

解析　句意为：我也确认了两次，并在前一天打电话来确认所有的照射X光的材料都准备好了。confirm证实，确认；arrange安排；discuss讨论；admit承认。故选A。

4．A.crowded   B．ready

C．open   D．busy

答案　B

解析　句意为：一点也没有准备好。crowded拥挤的；ready有准备的；open开的；busy忙碌的。根据后一句“The lady there even had no idea what I was talking about.”可知，此处为一切都没有准备好，故选B。

5．A.mildly   B．roughly

C．privately   D．immediately

答案　D

解析　句意为：我马上就感觉到血液沸腾。mildly温和地；roughly艰难地；privately私自，私下地；immediately立即，马上。故选D。

6．A.mad   B．sad

C．humorous   D．curious

答案　A

解析　句意为：我变得很生气。get mad生气，发火。故选A。

7．A.habit   B．way

C．accent  D．tune

答案　B

解析　habit习惯；way方法；accent口音，方言；tune语调，曲调。根据后一句“I spoke down to her like she was a child and incapable.”可知，我对她说话的方式并不好，故选B。

8．A.rude   B．attached

C．friendly   D．devoted

答案　C

解析　句意为：她一直在微笑，对我很友好。rude粗鲁的；attached附属的，依恋的；friendly友好的；devoted忠诚的， 献身的。故选C。

9．A.figured   B．added

C．made   D．sorted

答案　D

解析　句意为：最后当一切都安排妥当，我的态度才好起来。figure计算，解决；add增加；make做；sort安排妥当。故选D。

10．A.reflected on   B．worked at

C．called at   D．went through

答案　A

解析　句意为：我坐在等候室，反思发生的一切。reflect on仔细想，反思；work at 致力于；call at拜访；go through经历(苦难)。故选A。

11．A.unnecessary   B．impolite

C．impossible   D．unfair

答案　B

解析　句意为：我怎样才能弥补之前无礼的行为？unnecessary不必要；impolite不礼貌的；impossible不可能的；unfair不公平的。故选B。

12．A.comment   B．promise

C．apology   D．suggestion

答案　C

解析　comment评论；promise承诺；apology道歉；suggestion建议。根据下文“I apologized for the way I had spoken to her”可知，选C。

13．A.slowly   B．easily

C．frequently   D．tightly

答案　B

解析　句意为：那次经历帮助我成了那个微笑的并容易原谅别人的女人。slowly慢慢地；easily容易地；frequently频繁地；tightly紧紧地。故选B。

14．A.teach   B．forgive

C．hate   D．see

答案　C

解析　句意为：每当我很粗鲁的时候，我就很讨厌自己这个样子。teach教；forgive原谅；hate讨厌；see看到。故选C。

15．A.expand   B．react

C．overcome   D．learn

答案　D

解析　句意为：然而，我继续成长，继续学习。expand扩张；react反应；overcome克服；learn学习。故选D。

语法填空＋读后续写·综合练

Ⅱ.语法填空

(2021·福建泉州质检)

Wang Hongmei，a master in the Forbidden City，specializes in restoring damaged paintings.“I found conservation of paintings extremely 1.               (challenge) at the beginning when I often had to stand for hours all day long due to the nature of the work.” Wang 2.        (recall)．

“Commitment and time 3.        (gradual) calmed down my heart.”

It takes a seasoned conservationist like Wang a whole year 4.        (restore) just three to four paintings.Sometimes the work could take even 5.        (long)．A scenic painting over 170 square meters in size,6.         was created by Emperor Qianlong for his retirement，was worn.Wang and her colleagues spent five years restoring the painting to its previous brilliance.

“These treasures are not simply individual items，7.         heritages(遗产) of the craft and spirit passed on by the artists，collectors and conservationists of the past，” Qu Feng，one of Wang’s 8.        (workmate)，said.“Strengthened conservation efforts symbolize increasing national power and 9.        (proud)．If we can protect our cultural heritage to the best of our abilities，our nation will come to believe 10.        itself more firmly.”

Due to the efforts by the masters in the Forbidden City，the public now can have a further understanding of cultural heritage protection.

1．答案　challenging

解析　考查词性转换。分析可知，此处是find sth./sb.＋adj.结构，所填空应是形容词作宾语补足语。故填challenging。

2．答案　recalled

解析　考查动词的时态。根据前面的“found”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填recalled。

3．答案　gradually

解析　考查词性转换。分析可知，此处是副词作状语修饰动词短语calmed down。故填gradually。

4．答案　to restore

解析　考查固定搭配。 “It takes sb.＋time＋to do sth.”，固定句式，意为“花费某人多少时间做某事”。故填to restore。

5．答案　longer

解析　考查形容词的比较级。结合句意可知，本句在时间上与前文“a whole year”有比较含义，应用比较级。故填longer。

6．答案　which

解析　考查定语从句的关系词。分析可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词A scenic painting，指物，并在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。

7．答案　but

解析　考查固定用法。分析可知，此处考查固定搭配not...but...，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。

8．答案　workmates

解析　考查名词的单复数。此处是“one of ＋可数名词复数”结构。故填workmates。

9．答案　pride

解析　考查词性转换。结合空前并列连词and可知，所填空应与“power”在词性上保持一致，用名词作increase的宾语，表示抽象意义，为不可数。故填pride。

10．答案　in

解析　考查固定短语。believe in sb.相信某人。故填in。

Ⅲ.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Afternoon was Mrs Conroy’s favorite time of a day.After a day’s hard work，her eyes were tired and her feet hurt.She enjoyed the nice nap(小睡) she took on the bus，especially in these cold days.Mrs Conroy had made friends with the bus driver，Mr Angstrom.He always woke her up before her stop.She usually felt fresh when she got off the bus.

But today was different.Mr Angstrom wasn’t driving.A tall young man in a new uniform sat in the driver’s seat.“Where’s Mr Angstrom？” asked Mrs Conroy，dropping her money into the box.“I don’t know.Sick，I guess.I just work here，lady.Step to the back seat，” the man said emotionlessly.

Mrs Conroy hoped that Mr Angstrom was all right.She didn’t like this new driver.She decided not to sleep on the way home today.She didn’t want to ask this driver to wake her up.He didn’t look like the type who’d want to do anyone a favor.

Mrs Conroy tried to keep her eyes open，but the gentle rocking of the bus had a  calm effect.Within a few minutes her eyes closed.With her head dropping to her shoulders，Mrs Conroy fell fast asleep.The next thing Mrs Conroy knew，a hand was on her shoulder.Someone was shaking her awake.

“Wake up，lady.We’ve come to the end of the line.”Mrs Conroy opened her eyes.The bus driver looked down at her.“Time for you to get off the bus.” Mrs Conroy turned away and looked out of the window.“Where am I？” she asked.“I was supposed to get off at Essex Avenue.” “You’re at the last stop，lady.Come on，get off the bus.I have a schedule to keep to.”Mrs Conroy was having trouble waking up.The bus driver took her arm and helped her down the bus.“Wait a minute，” she said in a sharp voice.“This isn’t Essex Avenue.How can I get home？Can you ride me back？” she begged.“Sorry，lady.It’s against the rules，” the driver said as he closed the door.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Mrs Conroy watched the bus disappear down the road.                               

The car stopped beside her，and in the car was the bus driver.                         

参考范文

Mrs Conroy watched the bus disappear down the road.She looked around and tried to figure out what part of the city she was in，but she didn’t recognize this place.There were no trees around，no taxis，no street signs，and no people.There was nothing to see in any direction.Mrs Conroy wondered if she was still dreaming.The night was drawing near，and it was quiet all around.Mrs Conroy felt terribly scared，not knowing what to do.Then she saw a car approaching，so she waved violently，hoping to get a ride.

The car stopped beside her，and in the car was the bus driver.Catching sight of him，Mrs Conroy was confused.“Maybe I could give you a ride back on my car，”said the young man.“You will have to forgive me for being rude just now，lady.But I was only following orders.Now I can drive you back if you don’t mind.”Hearing this，Mrs Conroy was excited and expressed her appreciation for the driver’s behavior.She felt warm in the cold day，and believed there was kindness in every corner.