(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第一册　Unit 5 Working the Land (含详解)

选择性必修第一册　Unit 5  Working the Land

阅读·提速练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·福建泉州质检)

The City of Toronto currently delivers three public art programs：the Public Art & Monuments Collection，the Percent for Public Art Program and StreetARToronto (StART)．The programs have had a transformative effect on the city’s vitality，gathering a collection of public art that is of international significance.

Public Art & Monuments Collection

The City commissions(委托制作) and accepts donations of high-quality public art works and monuments that are relevant to their prospective community，and enrich the urban experience of Toronto’s residents and visitors.These City-owned works of public art and historical monuments enhance public spaces all over Toronto.

Percent for Public Art Program

The governing principle for the Percent for Public Art Program is that art is a public benefit to be enjoyed and experienced by residents and visitors through the city.The privately-owned art is intended to make building and open spares more attractive and interesting and to improve the quality of the public spaces.The Program requires that the artwork must be clearly visible at all times from publicly accessible areas.

StreetARToronto

StreetARToronto (StART) is a series of programs designed specifically for streets and public spaces.Launched in 2012 as part of the City’s Graffiti(涂鸦) Management Plan，StART has been successful in reducing graffiti vandalism and replacing it with colourful，community-engaged street art.

StART programs encourage active transportation (walking and cycling)，make out streets more beautiful and safer，showcase local artists and more.

1．What is the main purpose of the programs?

A．To host an art competition.

B．To display Toronto’s art collection.

C．To attract residents and visitors.

D．To improve the city’s appearance.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知，这些项目对这座城市的活力产生了变革性的影响，汇集了一批具有国际意义的公共艺术。由此可推知，这些项目旨在提升该城市的城市面貌。故选D项。

2．What do we know about the public art works?

A．They are donated by artists.

B．They are owned by the city government.

C．They are free to experience.

D．They are replacing graffiti.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据文章Pubic Art & Monuments Collection部分第一句可知，该市委托并接受与其社区相关的高质量公共艺术作品和纪念碑的捐赠，以丰富多伦多居民和游客的城市体验。由此可推知，作为公共艺术品，居民和游客应是可以免费体验的。故选C项。

3．What does StART focus on?

A．Community services.

B．Streets and public spaces.

C．Privately-owned buildings.

D．Green travel means.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据文章StreetARToronto部分第一段首句“StreetARToronto (StART) is a series of programs designed specifically for streets and public spaces.”可知，StreetARToronto (StART)是一系列专为街道和公共空间设计的项目。故选B项。

B

It is 6：00 am on the first day of the school year.In Cherrybrook Technology High School，mathematics teacher Eddie Woo is already at work.

One of the first things before the first bell rings is to set up his tripod(三脚架) and iPad in the middle of the classroom.This technology is Mr Woo’s core tool of the trade.“I’m Mr Woo.I record my lessons.I record all of them.In fact，I’m about to record this one，” he explains to his new maths class.

The unique approach to teaching mathematics has not gone unnoticed.Mr Woo is arguably the most famous teacher in Australia—a maths teacher by day and an Internet sensation(轰动) by night.

He started posting videos online in 2012 for a student who was sick with cancer and missing a lot of school.Other students in the class then wanted to watch Mr Woo’s videos on his free YouTube channel and website，so he started sharing them across the country and beyond.Wootube now boasts more than 38,000 subscribers(用户) and has attracted almost 4 million viewers worldwide.

Cherrybrook Technology High School principal Gary Johnson said Mr Woo was helping address a standing shortage of maths teachers in Australia，and making maths popular again.“He has an ability to simplify mathematics to a level where kids can really understand it，” Mr Johnson said.

12-year-old student Emily Shakespear said Mr Woo’s teaching style made maths irresistible.“I don’t want to say it，but he sucked me into maths，” she said.Owen Potter，who attends high school in Cobar，agreed.“It’s difficult to understand how someone in Sydney can influence thousands of people across the whole country，” he said.

Mr Woo won the 2017 University of Sydney Young Alumni Award for Outstanding Achievement，and he was one of 12 Australian teachers honored at the Commonwealth Bank Teaching Awards.

4．Eddie Woo set up an iPad in the middle of the classroom with the purpose of         .

A．listening to music   B．playing a video

C．recording his class   D．showing pictures

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I record my lessons.I record all of them.”可知，Eddie Woo要录自己的课。故选C。

5．What can we infer from the statistics in the fourth paragraph?

A．Mr Woo’s teaching videos online are very popular.

B．Mr Woo had made a lot of money by selling videos.

C．Mr Woo posted videos online helping many adults.

D．Mr Woo created his Wootube in 2012 in Sydney.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Wootube现在有38 000个用户，吸引了全世界几乎四百万人看视频。由此可推知，Woo的教学视频很受欢迎。故选A。

6．According to Gary Johnson，Mr Woo’s maths lessons are         .

A．difficult to follow   B．easy to understand

C．simple to handle   D．challenging to learn

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“‘He has an ability to simplify mathematics to a level where kids can really understand it，’Mr Johnson said.”可知，按照Gary Johnson的说法，Woo的数学课很容易理解。故选B。

7．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Mr Woo is the most well-known maths teacher in Australia.

B．Mr Woo graduated from the University of Sydney with honors.

C．Mr Woo won the Commonwealth Bank Teaching Awards.

D．Mr Woo’s contributions to teaching have been recognized.

答案　D

解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，Woo获得了悉尼大学授予的青年校友杰出成就奖，并且他是获得联邦银行教学奖的12位澳大利亚教师之一。由此可知，本段主要讲了Woo对教学的贡献得到了认可。故选D。

C

For the many eager readers who hope to find some solutions to life’s questions through reading，a newly-published Chinese-English bilingual(双语的) version of How Will You Measure Your Life？by Clayton Christensen，a professor at Harvard Business School in the United States，might provide a few answers.It has been released as part of a series of books，entitled Harvard Business Review Classics.

In How Will You Measure Your Life？，the book’s author raises three questions：How can I be sure that I’ll be happy in my career? How can I be sure that my relationships with my spouse(配偶) and my family become lasting source of happiness? How can I be sure that I’ll stay out of prison?

He then provides his understanding and thoughts into them by using lessons from some of the world’s greatest businesses.

Christensen’s ideas have inspired a large number of people around the globe.Roan Kang，general manager of marketing and operations of Microsoft’s Greater China Region，is one of them.He was lucky to have met the author himself when Christensen delivered speech to Kang’s company a few years ago.

“I agree with Christensen’s point that too many people use material wealth or social status as ways to measure success，while in reality，it is doing purposeful work that helps others and improves society that is truly meaningful，” Kang says，adding that he hopes the book will inspire more young people.

Kang,45，also supports Christensen’s idea that “your time is the most precious of resources”，which he says，is something he learned firsthand while working with Bill Gates.

“After you’ve figured out what your top priorities (优先级) are in life and in your work，you have to be strict with yourself and make sure you constantly put your time into those priorities.”

8．What do we know about Clayton Christensen from the text?

A．He is trapped in an unhappy marriage.

B．He has worked in Microsoft for a long time.

C．He is good at linking up theory with practice.

D．He is a famous businessman named by Forbes.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，克莱顿·克里斯坦森结合讲述案例来表达自己对于世界的想法，并因此著书演讲获得成功，由此可知，他是一位善于理论联系实际的作者。故选C。

9．What can we find in How Will You Measure Your Life?

A．How to marry Mr or Mrs Right.

B．Practical ways to earn good money in business.

C．How to communicate with lawyers and judges.

D．Getting on well with family does benefit one’s life.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。通过题目可定位到第二段，根据该段最后两句可以得知，作者是秉持家和万事兴这一信念的。故选D。

10．What can we conclude from Roan Kang’s words according to the text?

A．Material wealth is no longer the way to measure success.

B．Making the best of time is a promise to efficiency.

C．Family affairs in our life should be the first to deal with.

D．Doing purposeful work can inspire more young people.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，能充分利用时间，安排好做事情的优先级，将对人生助力无限。故选B。

11．Why does the author write the text?

A．To make clear that life is colorful.

B．To show how successful Christensen is.

C．To introduce an inspiring book.

D．To share the key to success.

答案　C

解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，《你将怎样衡量你的人生？》这本书主要从如何从职业中寻找快乐、和亲人相处等方面阐述了自己的感想，并激发了读者要善于利用时间，平衡工作和生活。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一本令人受启发的书。故选C。

D

If you’re in a job performing dull tasks，you might think that a robot could do the work instead.But perhaps we underestimate(低估)how much technology already helps with the activities that we would otherwise have to do.And as artificial intelligence progresses，we may find it replaces us in the workplace altogether.

For now，robotic technology is providing a helping hand for businesses，particularly in manufacturing(制造业)，assisting humans in performing work more efficiently and sometimes more accurately.For online shopping，for example，robots have become vital in giant warehouses.They sort and move millions of objects of all different shapes and sizes，although humans are still needed to pick and distribute the goods.

The advancement of robotics in the workplace is good for some businesses; the ones who research，develop，build and use them.The British government estimates that by 2035，artificial intelligence could add around ￡ 630 bn to the UK economy.But there are still tasks that robots can’t yet do，and that’s the challenge for companies such as Automata.Its co-founder，Suryansh Chandra，told the BBC that his technology will do its best to eliminate boring，repetitive jobs that humans don’t like and aren’t very good at，and also create new ones that are likely to replace them.

It seems certain that robots will eventually be able to do more and more of the jobs that are currently performed by humans，so should we be worried by the rise of the machines? Some experts fear hundreds of thousands of jobs could disappear as robots replace human workers.A recent report suggests that 14 percent of jobs are “at high risk of automation” and 32 percent of jobs could be “basically transformed”，with the manufacturing sector at the highest risk.

But as complete automation is some way off，for now we’ll have to work side-by-side with our robot colleagues—and manage to go hand in hand with them before they learn to kick us out of the door!

12．The second paragraph is mainly written to         .

A．show how robots can help humans

B．name industries suitable for robots

C．explain why robots can replace humans

D．explore potential profits that robots can make

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，目前，机器人技术正在为企业提供帮助，特别是在制造业，帮助人类更高效、有时更准确地执行工作。例如，对于在线购物来说，机器人在大型仓库中已经变得至关重要。尽管仍然需要人类来挑选和分发这些物品，但它们对数以百万计的不同形状和大小的物品进行分类和移动。由此可推知，第二段主要是为了表达机器人是怎样帮助人类的，故选A。

13．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Para.3 refer to?

A．Remove.   B．Secure.

C．Rediscover.   D．Create.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。根据后文“boring，repetitive jobs that humans don’t like and aren’t very good at，and also create new ones that are likely to replace them”可知，Suryansh Chandra告诉BBC，他的技术将尽其所能消除人类不喜欢、也不擅长的无聊的、重复性的工作，并创造出可能取代这些工作的新工作。由此可知，画线词意思为“消除，去除”。故选A。

14．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Possible risks for manufacturing sector.

B．Remarks on the future of the rising industry.

C．Predictions about the tendency of technology.

D．Worries about the future job trend due to machines.

答案　D

解析　段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，似乎可以肯定的是，机器人最终将能够做越来越多的目前由人类完成的工作，那么我们应该为机器的崛起而担忧吗？一些专家担心，随着机器人取代人类工人，成千上万份工作可能会消失。最近的一份报告显示，14%的工作“面临自动化的高风险”，32%的工作可能“基本转型”，其中制造业的风险最高。由此可知，第四段主要讲述了机器人的发展给人带来的关于未来工作趋势的担忧。故选D。

15．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?

A．Watch out for robots.

B．Get along with robots.

C．Mind our own business.

D．Learn to kick robots out.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，但是完全的自动化还有一段路要走，现在我们必须和我们的机器人同事并肩工作，并且在它们学会把我们赶出家门之前设法和它们携手合作！由此可推知，作者在最后一段建议我们与机器人和睦相处。故选B。

Ⅱ.七选五

Not long ago，no one understood that infectious diseases were caused by tiny organisms that moved from person to person.Even now，although we know that tiny living microbes cause disease，how they do so is not always obvious.  1  .They can also be transmitted through our skin through insect or animal bites.The best way to prevent infections is to block pathogens(病菌)from entering the body.

The first line of defense is to keep germs at bay by following good personal health habits.Wash your hands well.You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom，before preparing or eating food，and after gardening or other dirty tasks.  2  .Wet your hands thoroughly.Lather(产生泡沫)  up with soap or cleanser，and rub it into the palms and backs of your hands and your wrists.Be sure to clean your fingertips，under your nails and between your fingers.Wash under running water.  3  .

Whether you are young or young at heart，getting vaccinated(接种疫苗)is an essential part of staying healthy.  4  ，such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever，they are generally safe and effective.Vaccinations are essential if you are to avoid getting sick.In general，children should receive the recommended childhood vaccinations.Adults should make sure their vaccinations are up to date.When traveling abroad，check with your health care provider about additional immunizations(免疫)．

  5  .Stay clear of wild animals.Many wild animals，including bats，foxes and coyotes，can spread the virus to humans by biting.Keep your pets away from wild animals，too.Dogs，cats or any other type of warm-blooded animal can pick up the virus and pass the virus along to people.

A．Dry your hands and wrists thoroughly

B．Use animal control to prevent infections

C．While vaccines may cause some common side effects

D．Although vaccines can not prevent some rare diseases

E．Other wild animals can not transmit the virus and other infections

F．We do know that most microbes enter through openings in the body

G．You should also wash up after blowing your nose，coughing，or sneezing

1．答案　F

解析　根据后文“The best way to prevent infections is to block pathogens(病菌)from entering the body.”可知，防止感染的最好方法是阻止病原体进入人体。F项“我们知道大多数微生物都是通过身体的开口处进入的”引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。

2．答案　G

解析　根据前文的内容可知，你可能在上完厕所后，准备食物或吃食物之前，以及在做园艺或其他脏活之后洗手。故此空应该与什么时候洗手有关。G项“你还应该在擦鼻涕、咳嗽或打喷嚏后洗手”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。

3．答案　A

解析　结合前文可知，把你的手彻底弄湿。用肥皂或清洁剂打起泡沫，然后搓揉到手掌、手背和手腕上。一定要清洁你的指尖，指甲下面和手指之间。用自来水冲洗。前文为洗手的步骤，洗手的最后需要擦手。A项“彻底擦干你的手和手腕”符合语境。故选A项。

4．答案　C

解析　结合后文“such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever，they are generally safe and effective(如手臂暂时酸痛或低烧，一般是安全和有效的)”可知，此空应与疫苗的副作用有关。C项“虽然疫苗可能会引起一些常见的副作用”符合语境。故选C项。

5．答案　B

解析　结合后文“Many wild animals，including bats，foxes and coyotes，can spread the virus to humans by biting.”可知，许多野生动物，包括蝙蝠、狐狸和丛林狼，可以通过咬人将病毒传播给人类。B项“使用管控动物的方法来防止感染”引出下文，符合语境。故选B项。