(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 综合提能练 (含详解)

综合提能练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·河北石家庄质检)

Here are some fun and engaging ways to learn about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and what you can do to take action to make them a reality.

Freerice from WFP

Freerice is a free online educational game where people of all ages can do their part—simply by playing.Every right answer on Freerice brings a real financial donation to the UN World Food Programme (WFP) from sponsors worth about 10 grains of rice.Use your time and knowledge to help provide food for people in need.

Frieda

Storytelling is a powerful communications tool and helps children remember lessons and virtues that they will use in everyday life.The idea behind the production of the story of Frieda was to simplify the lessons of the SDGs so young children can better understand the SDGs.

SDG Pandas

Inspired by real life animal ambassadors(大使) Qiqi and Diandian，SDG Pandas are stickers that you can use in your WhatsApp conversations to help spread the SDGs and inspire action for a better world.

SDG Elyx

Elyx，the United Nations’ digital ambassador，uses various expressions and actions to help demonstrate the meaning of each Sustainable Development Goal.Created by French artist YAK，Elyx has no race，sex or nationality and is a universal character promoting the importance of the United Nations’ work.

1．Which program uses a game to promote the SDGs?

A．Frieda.   B．Freerice from WFP.

C．SDG Pandas.   D．SDG Elyx.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Freerice is a free online educational game where people of all ages can do their part—simply by playing.”可知，Freerice from WFP是用游戏来促进联合国可持续发展目标的，故选B项。

2．What are inspired by real animals?

A．The WFP’s programs.

B．Frieda’s stories.

C．The virtual stickers.

D．The digital ambassadors.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，虚拟贴纸SDG熊猫的灵感来源于真实的动物，故选C项。

3．What’s Frieda meant to do?

A．Promote students’ story-telling ability.

B．Encourage financial donation for the SDGs.

C．Guide children in practicing virtues in daily life.

D．Make the SDGs easier for children to understand.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The idea behind the production of the story of Frieda was to simplify the lessons of the SDGs so young children can better understand the SDGs.”可知，Frieda想让孩子们更容易地理解联合国可持续发展目标，故选D项。

B

(2021·河南顶尖名校联考)

I came home raging with anger.Once again I had been asked to do “just one more thing”．My boss was leaving the company and the president wanted to know if I was interested in taking over the office.The opportunity sounded great—except that I would have no additional help，would receive minimal compensation and would be left in a position at a company that had no chance of being promoted.My poor husband asked what I wanted to do.At first I considered our financial responsibilities.Then I realized I could not take the job; I was not going to settle for a partially rewarding life.I believed my husband and I could make it work.

After giving it much thought，I finally decided to study one of my personal passions：architecture.The only accredited schools were located across the state，so for the first semester，I drove three hours each way twice a week.The stress at home and the struggles in school began taking a physical toll on me.At the end of the first semester I was ready to quit，but I knew this was my chance.So I found a relative who lived halfway between home and school and she offered me a place to stay during the week.

In my personal life，I discovered that many of the women in my family were supportive because they did not follow their own desired study paths.My grandmother never went to college because she became a mother，and my mother only went for a shorter degree because she chose to start a family as well.My husband’s family were disappointed that my schooling would push any decision to have grandchildren into our 30s，but my husband was supportive and never apologized for my choice.

I will finish my master’s degree in December.Instead of dreading work，I get up each day excited about moving forward.I know there will be days when I still don’t want to get out of bed so early，but I am proud of what I am doing and I’m so glad I decided to take a chance on my future.

4．Which of the following words can be used to describe the president?

A．Greedy.   B．Generous.

C．Hardworking.   D．Sympathetic.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知，董事长想让作者接受这份工作，却不给足够的工资，也不提供助手，还没有晋升的机会，说明董事长贪婪。故选A。

5．What do we know about a lot of women in the author’s family?

A．They did a good job in keeping the family.

B．They gave up studying further in their life.

C．They offered no support to the author in her study.

D．They made their own dreams about jobs come true.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者家族里的很多女人放弃了接受更高的教育。故选B。

6．Why is the author excited every day?

A．She is hopeful about the future.

B．She will get a pay rise.

C．She has finished her master’s degree.

D．She doesn’t have to get up early.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，作者即将获得硕士学位了，她的人生即将开始新的一页，对未来充满了希望，所以每天都很高兴。故选A。

7．What is the text mainly about?

A．Why we should work hard at school.

B．What the author’s family life is like now.

C．The author’s family’s attitude to her study.

D．How the author makes a change in her life.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的主要内容是作者如何改变她的生活的。故选D。

C

(2021·江苏如皋质检)

California has been facing a drought for many years now，with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system.The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand.New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis.Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet，but due to new pumping practices，water deeper than this can now be extracted(抽取)．The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be triple(三倍的) what was previously thought.

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction，but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth.The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground，which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns.The biggest concern of pumping out water from this depth is the gradual setting down of the land surface.As the water is pumped out，the vacant space left is compacted(压紧) by the weight of the earth above.

Even though pumping from these depths is expensive，it is still cheaper than desalinating(脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state.Some desalination plants exist where practical，but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater，and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.

One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers.This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction，thus increasing the cost.Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published.New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

8．How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?

A．By building more reserves of groundwater.

B．By drawing water from the depths of the earth.

C．By developing more advanced drilling devices.

D．By improving its water distribution system.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis.”可知，一些研究人员认为，加州的干旱危机可以通过从地球深处取水来解决。故选B。

9．What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?

A．It was considered vital to solve the water problem.

B．It is bound to gain support from the local people.

C．It was not considered worth the expense.

D．It may not provide qualified freshwater.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground，which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns.”可知，从深层含水层取水被认为是不值得花费钱财的。故选C。

10．What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?

A．The sinking of land surface.

B．The harm to the ecosystem.

C．The damage to aquifers.

D．The change of the climate.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The biggest concern of pumping out water from this depth is the gradual setting down of the land surface.”可知，从地下深处提取水会引起地表的下沉，故选A。

11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To encourage people to save water.

B．To promote the seawater desalination.

C．To introduce a new way of extracting freshwater.

D．To draw people’s attention to the droughts in California.

答案　C

解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究，加州探测到有深水储备，可以帮助解决干旱危机。以前的钻井只能达到1 000英尺的深度，但是由于新的抽水方法，现在可以提取深层地下水。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种新的提取淡水的方法。故选C。

D

(2021·河南名校联盟)

The rise of the machines is always going to come at a cost，as each wave of technology destroys what has been put in place.The fast pace of technological development in the areas of artificial intelligence(AI) and robots is causing massive changes in the finance industry.

The effect is already being felt on Wall Street，where there have been far-reaching and significant changes.Many investment banks and big institutions，in order to cut cost and meanwhile increase the amount of work，use AI to take on financial tasks usually done by humans，such as wealth management，operations，risk management and trading，where robots carry out between 50% to 60% market trades，according to CNN.

The preference for technology over human traders results from the inability of the vast majority of traders to act consistently reasonably when trading.Often，people fail to control themselves，allowing emotions to get in the way of their thoughts and actions.Machines don’t suffer from these psychological issues when a major trading decision is being made.This is because they remove emotion from short-term trading activity，allowing for a more objective approach to trading.

Artificial intelligence and robotics is fast advancing into the investment sector，where its unbelievable ability to learn and think will eventually make them the most advanced and complex investment systems capable of helping corporations to make more effective choices.Activities such as calculations based on structured data and other repetitive support tasks are well-suited for robots.

While AI is probably the most powerful technology today，its ability to perform complex tasks is limited.Trading machines can only learn historical data and trade patterns.However，stock market behavior changes all the time and computers can be less skilled in the face of unexpected market performance.Humans can easily adjust themselves to these changes.Getting the robots to do the same，however，will require changing their algorithms (算法)，which can be too expensive and time-consuming.For this reason，humans will always be a step ahead and remain relevant.

12．Why do many institutions use AI to replace human employees?

A．To show a preference for new techs.

B．To promote working productivity.

C．To expand the application of AI.

D．To increase the safety of work.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，许多机构使用人工智能来取代人类员工，这样做是为了提高工作效率。故选B。

13．What advantage do machines have over humans?

A．They are hardly disturbed by moods.

B．They can make subjective decisions.

C．They are far more loyal to their jobs.

D．They never do any wrong tradings.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，机器几乎不会受到情绪的影响。故选A。

14．What are robots most good at?

A．Investing in stock market.

B．Performing a complex task.

C．Adapting to new surroundings.

D．Handling fixed data and patterns.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，机器人最擅长处理固定的数据和模式。故选D。

15．What will happen in the future according to the last paragraph?

A．There will be an obvious rise in skilled workers.

B．AI can create all-around profits at a little cost.

C．Humans still have a place in the job market.

D．Robots shall substitute humans at high speed.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，人类在工作市场上仍有一席之地。故选C。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021·江苏镇江四校联考)

How to Become an Activist

Activists are people who see the need for change and devote their time to doing something about it.  16   If you are interested in it，you can do so.

  17   This could be anything from a student club to a national organization (like the American Civil Liberties Union or the National Organizers Alliance)．Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement，so you can do whatever you feel most comfortable with，whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little money when you can.

Volunteer your time.One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time.Reach out to organizations in your community that do work for your cause，and ask how you can help.

Donate money or supplies.  18   If you can’t afford to donate money to an organization that supports your cause，you may be able to donate other things they need，like clothing or canned food.

Reach out to family and friends.Tell your family and friends about your cause，and invite them to get involved.If they are interested，share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned.  19 

Promote your cause on social media.You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about the causes you support.  20   Also，you can invite your friends to attend events or donate to fundraisers for your cause.

A．Take classes on issues related to your cause.

B．Join an organization that supports your cause.

C．They are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.

D．If you do volunteer work，invite them to volunteer with you.

E．Most activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.

F．Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.

G．If you can’t reach out to them in person，then try connecting to people online.

16．答案　C

解析　根据上文“Activists are people who see the need for change and devote their time to doing something about it.”可知，选项C可以承接上文。C项中的they指的就是上句中的activists。故选C。

17．答案　B

解析　设空处是段落主题句。根据空后的内容可知，选项B符合题意，空后句中的This指的就是B项中的an organization。故选B。

18．答案　E

解析　本段建议捐款或捐物，浏览选项可知，选项E进一步解释了这样做的理由，符合语境。故选E。

19．答案　D

解析　本段建议邀请家人和朋友参与到你的事业中，根据上文“If they are interested，share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned.”可知，D选项中的them指的是上文中的your family and friends。故选D。

20．答案　F

解析　根据段落主题句和上文可知，此处应是在社交媒体上推广你的事业的途径，故F项符合语境，其中的Post useful articles and write about对应上文中的“You can use social media”。故选F。

Ⅲ.完形填空

Ever since I was 13 years old，I wanted to be a photographer.I had a(n)   21   of working for some magazines，which would allow me to travel around the world to   22   the right picture.

After leaving high school，I   23   in photography in the University of the Arts.However，I kept reflecting on my   24   though I learned a lot in my freshman year.There was nothing   25   with the school，but it was not   26   for me.

I   27   my high school photography teacher and couldn’t help but envy his work.Such a feeling made me know teaching students how to   28   their full potential in their artwork was what I wanted.And   29  ，I wanted to be involved in a   30   that made me feel like I was actually making some   31   in the community.

I decided to transfer(转学) to Buffalo State College.When I was in class，I always   32   myself with what I was learning.Then，during my first on-site teaching lesson at a middle school，it   33   me that this was what I would want to do for the rest of my life，and I   34   loved it.Now，as I’m finishing my senior year，I’m happy I came to such a   35   in my life.I believe this is just the one for me.

21．A.chance   B．dream

C．experience   D．freedom

答案　B

解析　根据首句可知，作者13岁时，就想成为一名摄影师，因此这里指作者的梦想(dream)是为一些杂志社工作。

22．A.acquire   B．spot

C．offer   D．assess

答案　A

解析　根据作者的梦想和“which would allow me to travel around the world to”可知，作者周游世界是为了拍摄到合适的照片。acquire获得，得到，符合语境。spot发现；offer提供；assess评估。

23．A.joined   B．succeeded

C．took   D．majored

答案　D

解析　根据作者的梦想和下文的“in the University of the Arts”可知，作者在大学里主修摄影。major in主修。

24．A.competence   B．option

C．life   D．profession

答案　B

解析　根据上文的“However，I kept reflecting on my”和下文的“though I learned a lot in my freshman year”可知，尽管作者大一学到了很多知识，但是他不断思考大学学习摄影这个选择(option)。competence能力；life生活；profession职业。

25．A.valuable   B．special

C．wrong   D．unusual

答案　C

解析　这个学校本身没有问题，但是它不适合作者。nothing wrong with...表示“……没有问题”。

26．A.pleasant   B．suitable

C．acceptable  D．practical

答案　B

解析　参见上题解析。pleasant令人愉快的；suitable适合的；acceptable可接受的；practical实用的。

27．A.relied on   B．heard of

C．referred to   D．thought of

答案　D

解析　根据上文可知，作者已经高中毕业上大学了，再结合下文的“Such a feeling made me know teaching students”可推断出，作者想到(think of)了中学的摄影老师。rely on依靠；hear of听说；refer to提及，谈起。

28．A.find   B．strengthen

C．adopt   D．realize

答案　D

解析　根据下文的“their full potential in their artwork”可知，这里指教学生在艺术作品中充分发挥他们的潜能。realize实现，将……变为现实。

29．A.above all   B．at last

C．in general   D．after all

答案　A

解析　句意为：最重要的是，我想从事一份让我觉得自己在社区里确实起到一些作用的工作。above all最重要的是；at last最终；in general通常；after all毕竟。

30．A.stage   B．job

C．duty   D．responsibility

答案　B

解析　参见上题解析。根据上文的“teaching students”可知，作者在考虑从事一份工作，故选job。

31．A.differences   B．impressions

C．sacrifices   D．explorations

答案　A

解析　此处指起到一些作用的工作。make some differences有影响，起作用。

32．A.amused   B．associated

C．concerned   D．helped

答案　C

解析　根据下文可知，作者非常中意自己作出的转学选择，因此此处表示他对课上的内容非常感兴趣。concern oneself with对……感兴趣。

33．A.astonished   B．informed

C．inspired   D．struck

答案　D

解析　根据下文的“that this was what I would want to do for the rest of my life”可知，“这就是我余生想做的事”是作者在上课时突然想到的事。sth.strike sb.表示“某人突然想到某事”。

34．A.absolutely   B．naturally

C．eventually   D．gradually

答案　A

解析　根据语境可知，作者发自内心地喜欢教学，故此处表示作者极其热爱它。absolutely绝对地，极其；naturally自然地；eventually最终；gradually逐渐地。

35．A.conclusion   B．consensus

C．decision   D．sense

答案　C

解析　根据上文的“Now，as I’m finishing my senior year，I’m happy I came to such a”可知，此处表示作者很高兴自己作出转学的决定，故选decision。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2021·江苏镇江四校联考)

Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and 36.        (balance) diet.For most individuals，as 37.         result of eating foods rich in fats and sugar several years，they choose to go on a diet but do not succeed at the end.Be sure to be with a strong 38.        (aware) that you are 39.         you eat! Therefore，maintaining a healthy diet not only 40.        (provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.One is that you will keep a healthy weight and is also the easiest and most 41.        (benefit) way in which you can be energetic and protect yourself 42.         a number of diseases when growing old.Another benefit is that you will meet your everyday nutritional 43.        (require).44.        (basic) speaking，you should ensure that you take the good amount of vegetables，grains，milk and proteins.In most cases，a healthy diet can help you decrease the risk of 45.        (get) some diseases like diabetes and cancer.

36．答案　balanced

解析　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处为and连接两个并列的形容词，修饰名词diet。因此，此处应用形容词。故填balanced。

37．答案　a

解析　考查固定短语。as a result of 为固定搭配，意为“由于，作为……的结果”。故填a。

38．答案　awareness

解析　考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词strong判断，此处应用名词形式。故填awareness。

39．答案　what

解析　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为表语从句，从句缺少eat的宾语可知，此处填what。

40．答案　provides

解析　考查主谓一致。根据该句的主语为maintaining a healthy diet判断，谓语动词用单数形式。故填provides。

41．答案　beneficial

解析　考查词性转换。根据空后的名词way可知，此处应用形容词形式作定语。故填beneficial。

42．答案　from/against

解析　考查固定短语。protect...from/against保护……不受……(的危害)。故填from/against。

43．答案　requirements

解析　考查固定搭配。meet one’s requirements为固定搭配，意为“满足某人的要求”。故填requirements。

44．答案　Basically

解析　考查词性转换。此处修饰现在分词speaking，因此应用副词形式。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Basically。

45．答案　getting

解析　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词of判断，此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。

Ⅴ.应用文写作

(2021·浙江宁波高考适应性考试)

假如你是李华，正在英国留学。下周你所在的社区将举行以中医为主题的社区活动，目前正在招募志愿者。请你用英文向主办方提出申请，内容包括：

1．提出申请；

2．介绍自己的优势；

3．期待加入。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：中医 traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)

Dear Sir/Madam，

I’m Li Hua，an international student from China.                                 

Yours，

Li Hua

参考范文

Dear Sir/Madam，

I’m Li Hua，an international student from China.Hearing that you are recruiting volunteers for the activity about TCM，I cannot wait to apply to be one.

I am competent for the job in that my parents happen to be TCM doctors.Brought up in the dense atmosphere of medicine，I’m equipped with abundant knowledge of how to distinguish various Chinese herbal medicines.Besides，I have the experience of being a volunteer guide for foreigners，because of which I’m convinced that I’ll live up to your expectations.

I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into account.Looking forward to working with you.

Yours，

Li Hua

Ⅵ.读后续写

The most delicious memories seem to happen during the holidays.And like a squirrel preparing for winter，I put them away to enjoy slowly during the long winter months.Sometimes，I enjoy them for years.

Among them are sweetest recollections：my little girls at the church play and the moment they got their first angel wings; a pink dolly stroller(手推车) wheeled into the bedroom with a tiny voice declaring，“Look what Santa Claus brought me！”；or New Year’s snowmen wearing bright scarves borrowed from a grandma’s fragrant drawer.

But there is one memory that is a little bittersweet—sort of like 80% dark chocolate，but still good for you.

This story brings to mind a colorful candy dish and a very little boy.The occasion was somewhere between Christmas and New Year’s when a few candies in a dish remained behind，a bright spot in dull winter gray.

Wrapped in December’s chill，my then 3-year-old grandson，Justin，and I had dashed from the warmth of my parked car into the building where I planned to take care of a few work-related tasks.

A smiling secretary greeted us as we brushed the snowflakes and rubbed our hands to chase the cold.Then with my grandchild close to my side，I busied myself，finishing the items of business that had brought us there.But while his hand remained in mine，his eyes fell on the candy dish sitting nearby.

As we turned to leave，the thoughtful and very observant woman behind the desk asked the question all children waited to hear.

“Honey，” the kindly woman said，peering over her glasses at Justin.“Would you like a candy bar？” she asked，her hand pushing the dish close for an easier reach.

The boy looked up questioningly，his eyes meeting mine，permission hanging in the air.A slight nod from me and then a hurried beeline to the candy dish followed.One candy bar was already in his hand.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

“Justin！” I said from the doorway.                                            

In the humor of the moment，I felt something hard to swallow.                        

参考范文

“Justin！” I said from the doorway.By this time his pudgy hands had grabbed one—and only one—and he made his way back to me.My voice was somewhat serious as I realized manners had been forgotten.“What do you say？” Hearing this，the little boy turned on his heel，promptly returning to the candy dish.“Get Grandma one，too！” I laughed.The secretary laughed.And even little Justin innocently giggled at the fun we were having.

In the humor of the moment，I felt something hard to swallow.There was a truth that lingered long after the strawberry candy taste had disappeared.What example had I set for this little one while often in my care? Was he learning more about “getting” and less about gratitude—that heartfelt “thank you”？ In the years since，I’ve always loved to remember that moment.But one gift I hope we all leave with our children is the importance of a grateful heart.Really，what could be sweeter?