上海民办南模中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案）

2022-2023学年上海市南模中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷

I. Listening comprehension

略

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Health warning as UK swelters

People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country.

A heat wave is defined as a period of hot weather __21__ temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer.

However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly __22__ (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making them more extreme. The current hot weather is even (much) __23__ extreme in some European countries -- temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃.

Heat waves can be a danger to people's health, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people __24__ certain health conditions. However, anyone __25__ suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists __26__ (suggest) that, just as storms are given names, we should name heat waves in order to raise awareness of the health risks.

The Met Office, the UK's national weather service, has issued an amber warning. This means there is the possibility of travel delays, road and rail closures, power cuts and a potential risk to people's health. Temperatures are expected __27__ (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions that the record for the UK's hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss __28__ to introduce a heat wave emergency.

To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm, __29__ temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, apply sunscreen and drink plenty of water. __30__ (close) curtains in the rooms in your home that face the sun will help to keep indoor spaces cooler. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you're with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Bad News For Astronaut Skeletons

Astronauts whose bones are weakened by spaceflight may not recover even after returning to Earth, according to a new study. This raises questions about how humans will cope on long space missions.

The __31__ conditions in space mean that astronauts' bodies are not __32__ exercising in the same way as they are on Earth. Muscles get weaker but bones are also __33__ because the body does not replace minerals that are __34__.

Since 2015, doctors at the University of Calgary in Canada have been studying the problem by comparing __35__ of astronaut tibias (shinbones) made before flight, __36__ after return to Earth, and after six and 12 months of recovery time. Their __37__ show that a year after returning to Earth, bones still have up to 2.1% lower mineral density (a measure of their strength) than before the flight.

Dr Leigh Gabel, who led the team, explained that the effects of a few months in space were equal to several __38__ of ageing on Earth. Damage to the bone itself that occurs in space can't be __39__, says Gabel, so "the astronaut's overall bone structure permanently changes".

The study found that the longer the space mission, the greater and more __40__ the bone loss. This supports a 2020 study that predicted that during a three-year mission to Mars, one in three astronauts would be at risk of osteoporosis (fragile bones). Gabel says space agencies will need to improve the exercise and nutrition they offer astronauts if they are to go on such long trips.

III. Reading Comprehensions

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Intentions matter

When my daughter was very young, she broke my favorite cup. She was moving it aside, and it slipped from her hand and broke on the floor. I loved that cup and was really disappointed, but __41__ I didn't punish her. It was an accident. She didn't __42__ to drop it. Intentions matter. Or do they?

I can't help but feel that our modern world does not __43__ intentions. We are all so ready to find fault with another person and so concerned with our own responses that we don't consider the __44__ of others.

There are __45__ opportunities to be upset these days in the celebrity news cycle, in politics and in our own interpersonal interactions. Every single day, someone is torn apart on social media for something they have said or done.

A friend of mine says, "It's not how the message is intended; it's how it's received." He means that we need to be __46__ when choosing our words because they can easily be __47__ by the person we are addressing.

We all at times express ourselves poorly, make errors of judgment or have a moment of __48__ where we say the wrong thing. All of us have offended someone at some point in our lives.

The internet is full of people seeking to make things worse. __49__ there are also many decent people who __50__ get things wrong or simply do not know better.

I get that there is much to be angry about. The world is full of injustice. The actions and words of other people can cause harm; __51__, the actions and words of other people matter.

But intention has to matter too, for us to make sense of the world, and for us to effect change. __52__ intentions can help us to feel better about our fellow humans. When we appreciate intent, it can help to lessen the impact of their message.

On a more practical level, understanding intention can help us respond to people with __53__ instead of anger. People who wish to do the right thing are often willing to listen. When we scream at people in anger, we __54__ communication and make them less open to change. Remember, humans are __55__ as divided as social media suggests.

Did the person throw the cup, or did it slip from their hands? Now, more than ever, I think the answer matters.

41. A. of course         B. after all           C. above all          D. for example

42. A. choose           B. happen           C. mean             D. expect

43. A. learn from        B. object to          C. come across        D. care for

44. A. business          B. intentions         C. emotions          D. relationships

45. A. endless           B. unique           C. golden            D. ideal

46. A. hopeful          B. careful            C. cheerful           D. helpful

47. A. misinterpreted     B. reported          C. explained          D. commented

48. A. weakness         B. madness          C. carelessness        D. hopelessness

49. A. So              B. But               C. Or               D. And

50. A. purposefully      B. generally          C. hardly            D. occasionally

51. A. however         B. besides            C. therefore          D. although

52. A. Expressing       B. Understanding      C. Indicating         D. Returning

53. A. sadness          B. kindness          C. happiness          D. illness

54. A. make use of      B. look forward to     C. talk about         D. shut down

55. A. rarely           B. specially           C. suddenly         D. simply

Section B

Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Social media anxiety

We say that technology is a double-edged sword - while it brings convenience, it also brings new problems. The sword of "social media" even has a gender preference in its damage. It cuts deeper into girls than boys.

Earlier studies have shown that spending too much time on social media is bad for teenagers' mental health. Constantly watching their friends show off "perfect" lives can hurt their own self-esteem. That's not to mention the problems caused by online shaming and bullying.

Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 2010, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression - showing signs like self-harm and suicide - has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at The Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame.

For starters, girls use social media more than boys. Boys tend to spend their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones. This counts as real human contact. Girls, however, simply type and browse through posts, which is a much isolated experience. "They're not having a real-time conversation with someone," Mary Fristad, psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR.

And when it comes to online shaming, girls are also more vulnerable than boys. "Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated（加重）by social media," wrote Twenge.

Shannon McLaughlin, for example, is an 18-year-old from Blackburn College in the US. She shared with the Guardian how social media made her feel depressed. "I was constantly confronted by women with skinny bodies who were praised for the way they looked. This was only made worse by the diet fixes and skinny culture," she said. But McLaughlin found a solution. She started volunteering with the National Citizen Service, where she made face-to-face contact with people. "It's so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that we're trying to impress at our fingertips," she told the Guardian. And she hopes that others "look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them".

56. What did Twenge find in her recent study?

A. Overuse of social media harms teenagers' mental health.

B. Social media does more harm to girls than boys.

C. Girls suffered more from bullying than boys.

D. Online shaming and bullying are to blame for teenagers' depression.

57. Why do girls tend to feel more isolated than boys online, according to Mary Fristad?

A. Girls have less real-time interaction with people.

B. Playing games allows boys to have more fun than girls.

C. Girls suffer more pressure on social media.

D. Girls usually desire more contact with others.

58. The underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 5 is closet in meaning to "____________".

A. adjusting oneself well                B. fighting back bravely

C. being unconcerned about something     D. being likely to be at risk of something

59. What does McLaughlin advise teenage girls to do?

A. Ignore social media and stop following a diet.

B. Connect more with the real world.

C. Constantly take part in volunteer work.

D. Make better use of phones for socializing.

(B)

There are some typical of trains you'll find yourself traveling on in France. SNCF（法国国家铁路公司）operates a mix of high-speed services on major routes and slower regional services between smaller stations around France. Find out more about each train type below.

60. What do TGV trains and Inter-cites trains have in common?

A. Both can travel at 320 km/h.         B. Both are double-decker trains.

C. Both usually require a reservation.     D. Both connect big cities in Europe.

61. What is special about TER service?

A. It features night services.          B. It travels as fast as TGV trains.

C. It is suitable for long-distance travel in France.

D. It offers regional services at relatively low costs.

62. Which best suits people who travel to Italy and want to save money?

A. TGV trains.        B. Inter-cites trains.        C. TER trains.        D. Sleeper trains

(C)

Searching Venus' sky

From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.

However, Venus was not regarded as an ideal place because of its hot temperature and dry atmosphere.

But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.

On Sept 14, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada announced that scientists have detected phosphine（磷化氢）in the clouds of Venus. Phosphine is a colorless, toxic（有毒的）gas that has an odor of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.

"I was very surprised - stunned, in fact," astronomer Jane Greaves of Cardiff University in Wales and lead author of the research, told MSN. "There is a chance that we have detected some kind of living organism in the clouds of Venus."

This layer of clouds is about 48 kilometers above the Venus surface, with its temperature ranging from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit (about -1 to 93℃). Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck（云盖）is likely the only place where it would survive.

Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus' clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites（陨石）falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus' clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.

Although the detection of phosphine is not robust（强有力的）evidence for life, this finding is great enough to change scientists' view on Venus, which is thought to be a completely inhospitable planet.

What signs of life we looking for?

1. Liquid water: It can dissolve a huge range of molecules needed for life and facilitate their chemical reactions.

2. Mild temperatures: Temperatures higher than 122 C will destroy most complex organic molecules, and make it almost impossible for carbon-based life to form.

63. What is the text mainly about?

A. A newly detected gas may indicate possible existence of life on Venus.

B. Scientists found the most hospitable place on Venus.

C. The environment on Venue changed in favor of life.

D. Phosphine formed on Venus means alien life is present.

64. What can we learn about phosphine from the text?

A. It has no smell at all.                    B. It only exists on Venus.

C. It can be produced by microorganisms.     D. It is a sign of the existence of oxygen.

65. What can we infer from paragraphs 5 and 6?

A. Various living organisms have been detected on Venus.

B. The higher the cloud is above Venus, the warmer it is.

C. The cloud deck is rich in phosphine.

D. If life exists on Venus, it is likely in the cloud deck.

66. What did scientists conclude about the phosphine gas detected on Venus?

A. It could be formed as a result of the falling of meteorites.

B. It could be a sign that there is life in Venus' clouds.

C. It could be caused by volcanoes and lighting strikes.

D. It proves that Venus is another hospitable planet.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Discover how trade unions have shaped the way people work.

If you are travelling by train this summer you may find this journey is affected by the national rail strike. __________67__________ This year lots of workers are taking strike action and asking for better pay. Teachers, for example, are thinking about whether to go on strike in the autumn. Strikes are usually organized by trade unions. Read on to find out what trade unions are and how they have shaped the way people work.

What is a trade union?

It is an organization that looks after the rights of people who work in the same industry, do a specific job or work at the same company. The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) represents 80,000 transport workers, and the National Education Union has more than 460,000 members who work in teaching. Trade unions give their members a strong, group voice and support when dealing with the companies they work for __________68__________. There are trade unions for lots of professions including actors, doctors, farmers, journalists, nurses and teachers.

How did trade unions start and grow?

Workers have been organizing themselves into unions for hundreds of years. During the Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840), when lots of people left the countryside to work in factories in harsh conditions, workers began pressing their employers for better pay and safety rules. In 1871, the Trade Union Act, which made it legal to form trade unions, was passed. Since then, trade unions have made a big difference to the way people work, helping to set a minimum wage, making it illegal for children to work, and making sure workers can have holidays.

How do trade unions achieve their aims?

__________69__________ If they can't agree, then union members can vote to take action, which could include going on strike. A group of women who made car seat covers in Dagenham, Esses, went on strike in 1968 because they were being paid less than men for doing a similar job. It lasted four weeks and the factory had to stop making cars because no-one else could make the seats. Eventually, the women got more money.

Does everyone agree with strike action?

    No. Strikes can seriously disrupt daily life. A rail strike stops people getting to school and work and a teacher strike could close schools. This year's national rail strike is the biggest in the UK for 30 years, and the next strike day (27 July) is due just before the Commonwealth Games starts in Birmingham, England. The Government says this will harm the event but Mick Lynch of the RMT says the public support the strike. __________70__________ Greta Thunberg's School Strike for Climate, for example, when she protested every Friday instead of going to school, grew into an international movement.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Have you ever found yourself waiting the stop of your bus to arrive and have a stranger ask a commonplace question? Perhaps you've stood in line waiting for a coffee and feel the need to just look over to the person next to you and ask about the weather.

This is small talk, and despite the name, it's actually a big part of daily life.

"Small talk may seem trivial（微不足道的）, but it's a natural way for people to connect. It may seem like a waste of time. But it serves a vital role in our social interactions. Big relationships are built on small talk." Lindy Pegler, who has a master's degree in psychology, wrote on Medium.

In fact, we spend a lot of our time making small talk. Often, we find ourselves making small talk with the same people on a regular basis. Coming up with small conversations is the foundation of these relationships.

The benefits of such conversations can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole. In a study cited by The New York Times, researchers found that having a healthy amount of acquaintances（相识的人）and maintaining these relationships contribute to one's sense of belonging to a community.

So how does one start making small take? It can be as simple as complimenting one's shirt, asking about their day or commenting on the traffic. "First and foremost, small talk is an act of politeness," Pegler noted. "Our small talk at our first meeting is our chance to show who we are," she added.

Who knows where this can lead? Nowadays, the small connections we make can lead to big results. You might find someone who has a common interest, or maybe even someone who turns out to be a close friend. There is one thing for sure: Making small talk can brighten our day - even if it's just a nice comment or thoughtful question.

So the next time you find yourself waiting for the bus or checking your watch while you wait in a line, take the opportunity to look up and talk to someone around you. After all, it takes a small connection to lead to a larger one.

The Part II

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

71. 进入会场，请自行调节手机音量至合适的状态。(when)

72. 我们永远不要羡慕别人的幸福因为幸福要靠我们自己创造。(efforts)

73. 地震发生后，志愿者们不怕危险第一时间赶到现场开展救援救生命的工作。(Hardly)

74. 过去几十年，人们对国外潮流趋之若鹜，但如今，他们开始对茶道，古诗词这样的传统文化越来越感兴趣了。(see)

II. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

如果给你与一个历史人物对话的机会，你会和谁对话？

We can only "talk" to historical figures through texts in history books, cultural relics, pomes and songs. But if you had the opportunity to break through the barriers of time and space and have a conversation with a certain historical figure, who would you ask and what would you say to him/her and why do you say so?文章第一句已经为你写好。

Which Historical Figure Would You Want to Speak to?

If I had an opportunity to have a face-to-face talk with a historical figure, I would like to hold a deep conversation with. ...

参考答案

II.​Grammar & Vocabulary

21. where  22. caused  23. more  24. with 25. can  26. have suggested  27. to rise

28. whether  29. when  30. Closing

Section B

31.E  32. C  33. G  34. A  35. I  36. B  37. J  38. K  39. F  40. H

III.​Reading

完型：

41—45 ACDBA  46—50 BACBD  51—55 CBBDA

阅读理解

56--59 BADB ​60--62 CDD​63-66 ACDB​67--70 CBDE

71. When you enter the venue, please adjust the volume of the mobile phone to the appropriate state.

72. We should never envy the happiness of others because happiness depends on our own efforts.

73. Hardly had the earthquake happened when volunteers were not afraid of danger immediately and rushed to the scene to carry out rescue work.

74. Over the past few decades, people have flocked to foreign trends, but now they are increasingly seeing interest in traditional cultures such as the tea ceremony and ancient poetry.