英语外研版 (2019)Unit 2 Improving yourself课前预习课件ppt

过去完成时的被动语态

[观察例句]

1．By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2，700 had been injured.

2．By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.

3．Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas!

[归纳用法]

一、概念

过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。

二、构成

1．肯定句结构：主语＋had been＋过去分词＋其他成分

2．否定句结构：主语＋had not been＋过去分词＋其他成分

3.

三、用法

1．在told，said，knew，heard，thought，found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。

He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.

他听说票已售完。

The newspaper reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the hurricane.

据报纸报道，有1 000多人在飓风中丧生。

[即学即练1]　完成句子

①她告诉我，她的老板已经把她解雇了。

She told me that she had been fired by her boss.

②他说从来没有人领他参观过巴黎。

He said (that) he had never been shown around Paris.

2．before，when，by the time，until，after，once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。

By the time she was 13，my sister had been sent to America.

我姐姐13岁前就已经被送到美国了。

Two hundred cars had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底，已经生产了200辆汽车。

3．It was the first/second...time that...句中that引导的定语从句中，主语与谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。

It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue.

那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。

4．在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。

If I had been invited earlier，I would have gone there.

如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去那儿了。

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①By the end of last year，10，000 trees had been planted (plant) in that village.

②His village had been flooded (flood) in the heavy rain，so he moved to his parents' house.

③He found that his wallet had been stolen (steal) on the bus.

④It was the second time that Tom had been punished (punish) so seriously.

⑤上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英文。

His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.

⑥我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。

Her homework had not been finished when I got home.

⑦飓风结束的时候，有多少建筑物被毁坏了？

How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and no wireless phones had been invented(invent) yet.

2．At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement had been reached(reach)．

3．By the end of last year，another new gymnasium had been completed(complete) in Beijing.

4．Experiments of this kind had been conducted(conduct) in both the U．S.and Europe long before the Second World War.

5．John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it had been damaged(damage) seriously.

6．If it had been repaired(repair) earlier，the printing machine would not have broken down.

7．The little boy said happily that he had won(win)first place in the math competition the week before.

8．Jenny asked me how the accident had happened(happen) that morning.

9．It never rains but it pours！First I lost the keys to my office and then I found that the car had been stolen(steal)．

10．By the time he was twelve years old，a chemistry lab of his own had been set(set) up by himself.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.When I was young，I 1.had been told(tell) that it was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，the journey 2.had been planned(plan) for months.When the day came，we were ready.

After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.Our reservation 3.had been made(make) six months earlier，but the man at the front desk said a mistake 4.had been made(make)．We were told that our rooms 5.hadn't been reserved(not reserve) for that week，but for the week after.I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card 6.had been charged(charge) for the reservation.What's worse，the hotel 7.had been booked(book) fully.We didn't know how to deal with it，because it was the first that we 8.had been faced(face) with such an accident.Fortunately，the manager came out and was surprisingly helpful.If a spare VIP room on the top floor 9.had not been given(not give) to us，we would have never stayed in such an amazing room.

Before we checked out，we 10.had been informed(inform) that extra fee wouldn't be charged.