外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature教学演示ppt课件

Ⅰ.匹配词义

a．单词匹配

(　　)1.worldwide A．n.杀虫剂，农药

(　　)2.giant B．n.(古代的)神话

(　　)3.myth C．n.传说，传奇(故事)

(　　)4.legend D．adj.巨大的，特大的

(　　)5.pesticide  E．adv.遍及全世界

[答案]　1－5　EDBCA

b．短语匹配

(　　)1.communicate with A．把……和……连接起来

(　　)2.tiny amounts of  B．赶跑，使离去

(　　)3.drive away C．在某种程度上

(　　)4.in some ways  D．与……交流

(　　)5.link...to E．少量的

[答案]　1－5　DEBCA

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．goat n． 山羊

2．characteristic n. 特征，特性

3．decline v.   减少

4．root n.   根

5．detect v.   发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)

6．link v.   把……联系起来；连接

7．primitive adj.    原始的，低等的

8．blame v.   责怪，指责；把……归咎于

9．centimetre n.   厘米

Ⅰ.语境填空

primitive，detect，characteristic，link，root，centimetre，decline，legend，giant，blame

1．The cold weather may account for the decline in the flow of customers in the shopping mall.

2．The conditions in the local school were fairly primitive，without electricity and basic teaching tools.

3．The airplane crash cast a giant shadow on travellers.

4．The ability to make and use tools is one of the basic characteristics of humans.

5．Not his teacher but the student himself is to blame for the failure in the exam.

6．We need to find out the root of the problem before we solve it.

7．There are many wonderful legends about this famous hero.

8．Dogs can detect sounds beyond humans' hearing limit.

9．Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 centimetres to 14 metres.

10．Asia and Europe，being two different areas，are linked together by mountains and rivers.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．None of us is entirely blameless(blame) in this matter.

2．I'm afraid something has been primitively(primitive) programmed.

3．Early detection(detect) of cancers is very important.

4．He had a rootless(root) childhood moving from town to town.

1．This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked by insects.

这种交流发生在某种植物，比如一棵豆秧，受到昆虫侵害的时候。

2．Some plants make noises with their roots.

有些植物用根发出响声。

3．A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly.

一棵辣椒秧可以分辨出邻近的植物是有益的还是不友好的。

词语助读

①myth n．(古代的)神话

②legend n．传说，传奇(故事)

legendary adj.传说中的；非常著名的

③as well as又，和，也(常用于连接两个并列的成分)

④Alexander the Great亚历山大大帝

[1]此处为 “主语＋be＋said＋不定式”句型。

⑤fantasy n．[U]幻想，想象

[2]画线部分为with复合结构，其中that引导宾语从句，作believing的宾语。

[3]本句中的it作句子的主语，无实际意义。appears 是系动词，其后的that则引导一个表语从句。

⑥reveal vt.显示；透露；揭露

reveal the truth/the secret揭露真相/泄露秘密

⑦chemical n. [C]化学制品，化学品adj.化学的

[4]本句中的it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面由that引导的从句。

⑧release vt.释放

⑨detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)

detective n．[C]侦探

⑩drive away 赶跑，使离去

⑪wasp n．黄蜂

⑫pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药

⑬root n．根

⑭chilli n．辣椒

⑮tell vt.分辨，识别

tell A from B辨别A和B

tell the difference between A and B分辨出A与B的区别

⑯indicate vt.&vi.表明；显示

indication n．[C，U]显示；表明；标示

[5]此处when引导时间状语从句，意为 “当……时”；indicating...arriving是现在分词短语作伴随状语。

⑰link v．把……联系起来；连接

⑱in some ways在某种程度上

[6]此处While为并列连词，表示对比关系，意为 “而，然而”。⑲underground adv.在地下；adj.地下的

⑳fungus n．真菌(复数fungi)

fungal adj.真菌的；真菌引起的

[7]此处是现在分词短语作方式状语。

version n. [C]型式，版本

cybercrime  n．网络犯罪

[8]画线部分为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；此处介词in由先行词ways的搭配决定。

原文呈现

The Secret Language of Plants

1．Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as③ warnings to people.Alexander the Great④ and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.[1] And in some modern stories，such as the film Avatar，trees can communicate with animals and people.

2．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤[2]，new research has revealed⑥ something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all [3]．

3．It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals⑦ to communicate with each other.[4] This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked by insects.The plant releases⑧ tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.This is like a warning，or a call for help：“I'm being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑨ the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑩.Others attract insects—the wasps⑪！The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides⑫.

4．More surprisingly，plants also use sound to communicate.People can't hear these sounds，but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots⑬.Corn and chilli plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli⑭ plant can tell⑮if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating⑯ drought is arriving.[5]

5．Most surprisingly of all，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link⑰ nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”．It is in some ways⑱ similar to the Internet we use.While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites [6]，the wood wide web is linked underground⑲ by fungi⑳.This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.Using the wood wide web [7]，plants can share information and even food with each other.For example，some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet，the wood wide web has its own versionof “cybercrime”．Plants can steal food from each other，or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.

6．Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other [8]．Who knows？Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.

译文参考

植物的秘密语言

1．会说话的植物长久以来都存在于神话和传说当中。许多文化里都有会说话的树给人们警告和建议的故事。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度参观过这样一棵树。在一些现代故事中，像电影《阿凡达》，树木可以与动物和人交流。

2．我们长久以来都认为，会说话的植物存在于幻想里，不过新的研究揭示了惊人的发现：植物还是可以进行交流的。

3．人们对植物使用化学物质相互交流的了解已经有些时日了。这种交流发生在某种植物，比如一棵豆秧，受到昆虫侵害的时候。受侵害的植物从正被啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质，就像是发出警告或呼救： “我被攻击了！” 当另一棵豆秧察觉到从它受伤的邻居身上释放出的这些化学物质时，它开始释放自己的不同化学物质。其中有些化学物质能够驱赶昆虫，有些则会吸引昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死正在吃豆秧的昆虫。科学家希望能够更多地了解这种植物预警系统，这样我们就可以使用这种植物预警系统，在种作物的过程中不再使用杀虫剂。

4．更令人惊讶的是，植物也会用声音交流。人类无法听到，但是植物确实在发出声音。有些植物用根发出响声，玉米和辣椒就是如此。它们还会 “倾听”其他植物发生的响声。一棵辣椒秧可以分辨出邻近的植物是有益的还是不友好的。在没有足够的水分时，一些树会发出咔嗒声，这表明干旱即将来临。

5．最令人惊讶的是，植物之间存在令人惊叹的通信系统，该系统几乎可以连接森林中的每一株植物。科学家称该系统为 “树联网”。它在某种程度上与我们使用的互联网相似。互联网是由电缆和卫星连接起来的全球计算机网络，而树联网是由真菌在地下连接。这种真菌网络把不同植物的根相互连接起来。通过树联网，植物可以相互分享信息，甚至于食物。例如，一些松树能够给小松树输送食物，帮助它们生长。不过就像我们的互联网一样，树联网也有自己版本的 “网络犯罪”。植物间会互相窃取食物，或者传播毒素以攻击其他植物。也许有一天，科学家将学会如何创建 “防火墙”来帮助阻止树联网内的攻击。

6．科学家对于植物互相交流的秘密方式的认识在与日俱增。谁知道呢？也许有一天，我们会对植物交流有足够的了解，能够与它们展开 “交谈”。