(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修四 Unit 2 Iconic Attractions (含解析)

UNIT 2　Iconic Attractions

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

California is the third 1. ________ (large) state in the USA but has the largest population. It is the most multicultural state in the USA.This is not 2. ________ (surprise) when you know the history of California 3. ________ has attracted people from 4. ________ (near) every country in the world. No one really knows what time the first 5. ________ (settle) arrived in what we now know as California. Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached Alaska 6. ________ means of a land bridge.

In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority 7. ________ (be) religious men. In 1848, gold 8. ________ (discover) in California and the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. In fact, few achieved their dream, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves. In more recent decades, California 9. ________ (become) home to people from Asia. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great 10. ________ there will be no major racial or cultural groups.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的历史。

1. largest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的“the third”可知，此处要用最高级形式。

2. surprising　考查形容词。 所填词在句中作表语，要用形容词；再结合句子的主语This可知，本空要填surprising。

3. which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空格后是一个定语从句，修饰California，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/that。

4. nearly　考查副词。修饰every要用near的副词形式。

5. settlers　考查名词。所填词在句中作主语，故用名词形式；根据语境可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。

6. by　考查介词。 by means of 为固定短语，意为“通过……的方式”。

7. were　考查时态和主谓一致。 根据句中的时间状语“In the 18th century”可知，要用一般过去时；根据下文中的“religious men”可知，动词要用复数形式。

8. was discovered　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“In 1848”可知，要用一般过去时；另外，动词与主语gold之间是被动关系，且gold是不可数名词，动词要用单数形式。

9. has become　考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“In more recent decades”可知，要用现在完成时；句子的主语是California，动词要用单数形式。

10. that　考查状语从句。本句是“so ... that ...”句型。

B

The annual Water Splashing Festival of the Dai ethnic minority falls during the New Year period of the Dai Calendar. It is the most important festival 1. ________ (observe) by the Dai ethnic people of Xishuangbanna Prefecture.

The festival lasts for three days. The first two days' 2. ________(activity) are concentrated on the banks of the Lancang River. On the first day, a grand 3. ________ (celebrate) marks the beginning of the festival. An outdoor market is set up 4. ________ locals go for New Year shopping. Artists create sand carvings on open space close to the market. A dragon boat race 5. ________(hold) on the Lancang River 6. ________(ring) out the old year in the afternoon. At night, the banks of the river are 7. ________(colourful) lit, and locals float river lanterns on the river.

The third day, the climax of the festival, is reserved for water splashing. On that day, the Dai put on their 8. ________(new) and best clothes and then assemble. Water is regarded by the Dai as a symbol of goodwill among people. Therefore, splashing a fellow human being with water during the Water Splashing Festival, 9. ________ a close neighbour or a fellow villager, or even a stranger, is 10. ________ expression of the desire for good luck and prosperity to that person.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了傣族泼水节的庆典活动。

1. observed　考查非谓语动词。festival和observe有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用v.­ed形式作定语。

2. activities　考查名词。activity是可数名词，根据上文中的“The first two days' ...”可知要用复数形式。

3. celebration　考查名词。分析句子成分可知，所填的词作主语，所以用名词形式。

4. where　考查状语从句。分析句子成分可知，此处是状语从句，表示地点，所以填where。

5. is held　考查时态和语态。hold和a dragon boat race为动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。

6. to ring　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所填词所在处作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。

7. colourfully　考查副词。所填词修饰动词lit，所以用副词形式。

8. newest　考查形容词最高级。根据下文中的“best”可知，此处用最高级与之并列。

9. whether　考查连词。根据后面的“or”可知，此处表达“无论是亲密的邻居、乡亲，还是陌生人”，故填whether。

10. an　考查冠词。expression意为“表达；表情”，在此处是可数名词，表示泛指，且以元音音素开头，所以填an。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 我们迫不及待地想知道谁获得了这次演讲比赛的一等奖。(can't wait to do)

We can't_wait_to_know who has won the first prize of the speaking contest.

2. 她闭着眼睛，静静地回忆那天晚会上发生的一切。(with复合结构)

She quietly recalled all that happened at the evening party that day with_her_ eyes_closed.

3. 虽然身体不好，但他仍然努力工作。(while)

While_he_is_in_poor_health,he still works hard.

4. 虽然被对方球队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。(过去分词作状语)

Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.

5. 在办公室工作的人往往被称为“白领工作者”。(refer to ... as ...)

People who work in offices are_frequently_referred_to_as “white­collar workers”．

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Canadians are blessed with an abundance of natural wonders with enough lakes, mountains and rivers to explore for a lifetime. We've also got some of the most amazing waterfalls on Earth.

Horseshoe Falls — Niagara Falls, Ontario

Niagara Falls are the most famous waterfalls in Canada — and understandably so. Actually they are made up of three different falls, and the fittingly named Horseshoe Falls is the only one located on the Canadian side, which is the most powerful in North America. Multiple viewing options are available including tourist ships and sightseeing buses.

Nailicho (Virginia Falls) — Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories

Coming in at twice the height of Niagara Falls, this massive waterfall is located on the South Nahanni River in the Northwest Territories. The remote location means it receives only about 1,000 visitors per year who must make their way by either boat or floatplane.

Takakkaw Falls — Yoho National Park, British Columbia

Takakkaw translated from Cree loosely means “the magnificent (壮丽的)”， and it's a suitable word for the second­highest waterfall in Canada. After a steep drive up a winding road, Takakkaw Falls is only a short distance from the parking lot along a wheelchair accessible path.

Bridal Veil Falls — Bridal Veil Falls Provincial Park, British Columbia

Pretty and delicate, Bridal Veil Falls is located just east of Chilliwack, British Columbia, and really does look like its name, with water gently pouring over smooth rock. An easy 15­minute walk to the waterfall takes you through rich leaves. Tables are available to have a meal outdoors, and there are lots of opportunities for viewing wildlife along the way.

1. What do we know about Horseshoe Falls?

A. It is easily accessible.

B. It consists of three falls.

C. It limits tourist numbers.

D. It crosses North America.

2. How can visitors go to Takakkaw Falls?

A. By tourist ship.　　　 B. By cable car.

C. By floatplane. D. By car.

3. What can visitors do in Bridal Veil Falls?

A. Swim. B. Camp.

C. Picnic. D. Hunt.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了加拿大的一些令人惊叹的瀑布。

1. A　细节理解题。根据第一个小标题 下的“Multiple viewing options are available including tourist ships and sightseeing buses.”可知，欣赏马蹄瀑布有多种选择，其中包括游船和游览巴士，故马蹄瀑布的交通便利，很容易就可以到达。

2. D　细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下的“After a steep drive up a winding road，Takakkaw Falls is only a short distance from the parking lot along a wheelchair accessible path.” 可知，游客可以驾车前往塔卡考瀑布。

3. C　细节理解题。根据最后一个小标题下的“Tables are available to have a meal outdoors”可知，游客可以在新娘面纱瀑布进行野餐，故选C。

B

A new device works like a solar panel, except that it doesn't harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.

A prototype(原型) of the device produced enough electricity at night to power a small light bulb. A bigger version might one day light rooms or charge phones. It could also power electronics in remote or low­resource areas that lack electricity.

The device makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other, the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation (隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night, the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.

Researchers tested a 20­centimetre prototype one clear December night in Stanford，California. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square metre of the device. That was enough power to light a small light­emitting diode, or LED bulb. Further improvements might increase its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square metre. To do that, the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate.

The device also could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices, says Aaswath Raman. He is a material scientist who worked on the device at the University of California, Los Angeles. “This may be useful in polar regions that don't see sunlight for months at a time，” Raman says. “If you have some low­power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness, this might be a way.”

4. What can we know about the new device?

A. It gains energy from the sun.

B. It's been widely used in life.

C. It is cooler than a solar panel.

D. It'll be popular in special areas.

5. What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3?

A. Application fields of the device.

B. The developing process of the device.

C. The working principle of the device.

D. Significant effects of the device.

6. How can the device produce more electricity?

A. By putting more insulation around the top plate.

B. By using it in extremely cold and clear nights.

C. By attaching the bottom plate to a warm plate.

D. By covering the top plate with a transparent lid.

7. What could be a suitable title for the text?

A. A Device Using the Cold Night Sky to Produce Electricity

B. A Device Bringing New Hope for Those in the Cold Night

C. The Difference Between a Solar Panel and a New Device

D. The Temperature Difference Between Earth and Outer Space

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科研发明——反太阳能电池板，它可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。

4. D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It could also power electronics in remote or low­resource areas that lack electricity.”和最后一段中的“If you have some low­power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness, this might be a way.”可知，这种装置在一些偏远地区或缺电的地区帮助发电；另外，在极地地区数月不见阳光时，这种装置可以帮助发电。由此可推知，这个新设备会在一些特殊地区受欢迎。故选D。

5. C　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，该装置利用地球和外层空间的温差来发电。只要它的一边比另一边冷，发电机就能发电。由此可推知，第三段主要讲了这种装置发电的工作原理。故选C。

6. A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“To do that, the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate.”可知，该装置系统需要在上面的金属板四周安装更多的隔热材料才可以产生更多的电能。故选A。

7. A　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项最新的科研发明，这种装置可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。所以短文的最佳标题为“利用寒冷的夜空来发电的装置”。故选A。

Ⅱ. 七选五

Reasons Why You Should Go to College

There are many important reasons why a young person should consider going to college other than just the potential financial rewards.

Have a new beginning. Sometimes you just need a fresh start in life. 　1　

Going to college is a perfect opportunity to break out of that old shell and become someone totally new.

Learn something you like. It is true that many degrees do not prepare you for the real world in terms of what you learn. 　2　 Take some time to enjoy learning what you are truly passionate about.

　3　 While parents may be worried about their children's new­found freedom, teens are generally pretty excited about it. College can give a young person the independence they think they need as well as the opportunity to start making their own decisions.

Develop your interest. If you are interested in politics, you can get involved in the student government. If you want to be a journalist, here is an opportunity to get a head start by working for the school paper. 　4　

　5　 For some people, the number one reason to go to college may simply be the opportunity to move to a new place. Many people living in the north may want to go to school in the south to escape the cold. Others may just want to get out of a small town and see the world. Even moving from a childhood house to a dormitory in a local college campus can be a great change.

A. Be independent.

B. Figure out who you are.

C. Get a change of scenery.

D. Enjoy the best time of your life in college.

E. Whatever you are interested in, there is a group for it.

F. However, a college education is an opportunity to learn what you love.

G. You need to give up your old habits and your old self, and become the person you want to be.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了青少年应该上大学的一些原因。

1. G　本选项承接上一句说明上大学是为了有一个全新的开始，你需要放弃原来的习惯和自我，成为你想成为的人，故选G。

2. F　本选项与上一句构成语意上的转折关系，与主旨相对应，并与下一句构成语意上的并列关系，共同说明上大学是为了学习一些你喜欢的东西，故选F。

3. A　根据本段中的关键信息词freedom, independence和making their own decisions可以概括出本段的主旨，即实现独立自主，故选A。

4. E　本选项承接前面的两个条件状语从句，总结性地说明：无论你对什么感兴趣，你都能找到相应的团体，故选E。

5. C　本段主要讲很多人上大学是为了追求新的环境，感受不一样的风景，故选C。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

(2020·山东名校联考)假定你是李华，你与班上来自英国的交换生Mike约定周日去购买他喜欢的中国历史书籍，但你临时有事不能赴约。请你给他用英语写一封邮件说明情况，内容包括：

1. 表示你的歉意；

2. 解释失约原因；

3. 重新约定时间。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Dear Mike，

Deeply sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you for your favourite books related to the Chinese history this Sunday. I'm writing in an effort to make a change to our plan.

Just now I was informed to attend an important voluntary activity to be held on the very day. So would it be possible for us to go there another time, let's say, next Sunday morning? If so, we'll have enough time to make a choice about which books to buy.

Please let me know your decision as soon as possible.

Yours，

Li Hua