高考英语二轮复习重难点09 书面表达提纲类（解析版）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习重难点09 书面表达提纲类（解析版），共12页。
  【命题趋势】书面表达是历年高考英语的重点主观测试题之一，它有利于考查学生运用英语语言知识的综合能力，这种综合能力包括从单词拼写、词语搭配、词法结构到语法，从遣词造句、把握要领、谋篇布局到修辞风格等。该题在英语卷中占25分，约占全卷分值17%，是重要题型。而在听、说、读、写四项技能中，＂写＂是最令学生头疼的，有些学生对书面表达题束手无策，无从下手。因此，在高中阶段尤其是在高三备考阶段的英语教学中，如何进行有针对性的强化训练和学法指导，培养学生的英语书面表达能力是极为重要的。【满分技巧】1. 审题  动笔之前，必须认真审题，分析命题意图。有的考生唯恐时间不够，急于成文，不认真审题，结果写出的文章抓不住重点，杂乱无章，缺乏逻辑性。其实审题的过程是一个思考加工的过程，并不是浪费时间。在审题的过程中，考生可以根据题目确定文章体裁，考虑文章结构，内容。把与题目有关的材料分析、整理加以取舍，这样初步形成这篇文章的大致框架，这在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败。 2. 拟提纲抓要点，列提纲。依据格式要求和内容提示，分清主次，理顺关系，抓住要点，列出提纲。因考   试时间有限，宜用简易英文提纲。 (1)文章的主要要点要有逻辑地结合起来，使其结构严谨，内容连贯，层次分明，分好段落，设计好文章的   开头和结尾。同时要有意在句子之间使用一些过渡性词语(比如表示因果、条件、时间等逻辑关系的词汇   或结构)。高考高分作文的共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，意思连贯，给人   以一气呵成之感。恰当地使用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避负脱节现象。 (2)语言表达。新的评分标准鼓励学生尽量使用较复杂的结构和高级词汇。语言要准确，长短句结合。学着  使用一些高级词汇，为文章增色。评价一篇文章的好坏，一条重要的原则就是＂上下文连贯＂，要让评卷者有一种通篇流畅、一气呵成的感觉。可采用下列策略： ①使用高级语法与句型，如，名词性从句，分词作状语和定语，还有如不定式、强调句、感叹句、倒装句。  常见词的复合结构，如＂with+复合宾语结构＂等等，这些形式来提高文章的档次，写出亮点句子。 ②使用过渡性词汇，增加文章的逻辑性与连贯性。因为过度词可使文章结构更紧凑，上下文更连贯，逻辑  性、可读性更强。比如常见的过渡性词语有表列举的first，second，third，next，then等等；表因果的because   of，thanks to等。 ③为了避免重复和连接上下文，多用指代词。对于出现过的非关键次和短语，常用指代词来代替，保持文  章的简洁，使文章跟紧凑。 3. 修改  写完之后，一定要认真仔细地修改。可遵循下列修改校对的方法： (1)检查格式，内容要点。 (2)检查句子时态、语态是否正确，结构是否完整。 (3)检查大小写、单词拼写是否正确，书写要工整认真。通过这样的检查过程，能够最大程度的减少错误的  发生，从而减少人为失分。【热点话题】   书面表达提纲类热衷于健康、环保类等。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（安徽师范大学附属中学2020届高三第十次模拟考试）话题：向校友Eric告知伦敦之行并邀请重聚难度：★★建议用时：6分52.假定你是李华，打算下个月到伦敦参加一个英语口语培训班。请给曾经在你校留学的伦敦学生Eric发一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.伦敦之行的目的；2.邀请Eric重聚；3.表达感谢与期望。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Eric,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Eric,We haven’t seen each other since you returned to your country two years ago. I’m delighted to tell you that I’ll go to your city to attend a training class for spoken English next month and I want to call on you.According to the schedule, I will stay in London for only seven days. I would appreciate it very much if you could spare time to meet me at your convenience. I think that we will have a lot to share with each other.Thank you in advance for your kindness. I’m looking forward to meeting you in London soon.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向曾经在本校留学的校友Eric告知伦敦之行并邀请重聚。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：三段式结构。第一段告知伦敦之行；第二段提出重聚邀请；第三段表达感谢和期望。要求：1. 告知伦敦之行（attend a training class for spoken English next month）      2. 提出重聚邀请      1）时间安排（According to the schedule, I will stay in London for only seven days.）      2）提出邀请（spare time to meet me at your convenience）      3. 表达感谢和期望（I’m looking forward to meeting you in London soon.）第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）return to; be delighted to do; call on sb.; according to; spare time to do; at your convenience; share with; in advance; look forward to 第三步：连词成句1. We haven’t seen each other since you returned to your country two years ago.2. I’m delighted to tell you that I’ll go to your city to attend a training class for spoken English next month and I want to call on you.3. According to the schedule, I will stay in London for only seven days.4. I would appreciate it very much if you could spare time to meet me at your convenience.5. I think that we will have a lot to share with each other.6. Thank you in advance for your kindness.7. I’m looking forward to meeting you in London soon.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。1.作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：We haven’t seen each other since you returned to your country two years ago.( 自从你两年前回国后，我们就没见过面。)这句话运用了since引导的时间状语从句。I’m delighted to tell you that I’ll go to your city to attend a training class for spoken English next month and I want to call on you.( 我很高兴地告诉你，我下个月要去你的城市参加一个英语口语培训班，我想拜访你。)这句话运用了that引导宾语从句，且使用并列连词and连接前后两个句子，构成并列复合句。2.使用了一些固定词组，如return to; be delighted to do; call on sb.; according to; spare time to do; at your convenience; share with; in advance; look forward to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。B（蚌埠市蚌埠第二中学2020届高三3月综合能力测试）话题：介绍竹子难度：★★建议用时：6分52. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter对中国的竹子非常好奇。请写一封电子邮件介绍竹子的短文。内容包括：1．竹子的外貌特点：2．竹子的作用：3．竹子的象征意义。注意：1．词数：100左右：2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear Peter；I am very glad to know that you are interested in bamboo. Now, I would like to introduce it to you.Bamboo is a kind of plant, which is hollow inside. It usually grows straight and thin, sometimes up to several meters with green leaves on it. Its tender young roots can be used as a kind of delicious food. People often use bamboo to build houses or make desks, chairs and so on. Houses made of bamboo can be seen in some areas. Besides, bamboo can serve as food utensils, such as bamboo chopsticks.Bamboo is very popular in our country. Because of its characteristics, it is often seen as a symbol of youth, modesty and nobleness.Hoping my introduction can help you have a knowledge of bamboo. Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信。【详解】首先审题，这篇文章要求写一封电子邮件介绍竹子。任务中给出的提示信息包含如下内容：1.竹子的外貌特点；2.竹子的作用；3.竹子的象征意义。抓住了这亮点，我们就抓住了文章的核心内容。其次选用正确的人称和时态，考虑用一般现在时，第三人称来写。然后写出单个句子，使用正确的连词，连句成段。具体来说，写这篇文章时，要注意:  1、提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充；  2、为使文章层次清楚，可分三个自然段写：第一自然段表示自己愿意为朋友介绍竹子；第二自然段说明竹子的特征和作用；第三自然段指出竹子的象征意义。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。【点睛】本篇书面表达要点全面，结构紧凑，是一篇较好的范文。这篇短文使用了大量的短语，为文章增色不少，如: be interested in对……感兴趣，and so on等等。还使用了宾语从句I am very glad to know that you are interested in bamboo.和定语从句Bamboo is a kind of plant, which is hollow inside.等多种句式结构，增加了文章的可读性。C（合肥六中2020届高三冲刺最后一卷）话题：邀请外教Tom参加学校将举办的传统中医中药讲座难度：★★建议用时：6分52.假定你是李华，你校将举办传统中医中药讲座。请写一封信邀请外教Tom参加。内容包括：1. 写信目的；2. 讲座的时间和地点；3. 讲座的目的和主要内容。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear Tom,Our school is going to hold a lecture scheduled at 8 pm this Friday in the Students’ Club, the theme of which centers on traditional Chinese medicine. I am writing with the privilege to request for your attendance.As China is one of the first countries to have medical culture, traditional Chinese medicine has come down as a complicated medical science with a history of more than 5,000 years. In comparison with Western method, Chinese medicine adopts a far different approach and has raised great attention and interest worldwide due to the amazing effects. The lecture is intended to provide you with some basic knowledge of medical theory, diagnostic methods, prescriptions and cures concerning traditional Chinese medicine. You will also be exposed to some wide-spread stories praising the experienced and notable doctors in ancient China.This is surely a good chance for you to know more ways of preserving good health. Looking forward to your favorable reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邀请信，邀请外教Tom参加学校将举办的传统中医中药讲座。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分总法第一段表达邀请的意图。第二段写明活动的时间、地点、内容及注意事项。第三段再次表达非常希望对方能够参加或者出席的愿望及希望得到对方的早日答复。要求： 1. 写信目的；2. 讲座的时间和地点；3. 讲座的目的和主要内容。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）traditional Chinese medicine；request for your attendance；in comparison with；raise great attention and interest worldwide；be intended to; provide sb with sth; be exposed to第三步：连词成句1. I am writing with the privilege to request for your attendance.2. As China is one of the first countries to have medical culture, traditional Chinese medicine has come down as a complicated medical science with a history of more than 5,000 years.  3. In comparison with Western method, Chinese medicine adopts a far different approach and has raised great attention and interest worldwide due to the amazing effects.4. You will also be exposed to some wide-spread stories praising the experienced and notable doctors in ancient China.5. This is surely a good chance for you to know more ways of preserving good health.6. Looking forward to your favorable reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文中使用了较多的高级句子。如：Our school is going to hold a lecture scheduled at 8 pm this Friday in the Students’ Club, the theme of which centers on traditional Chinese medicine. 这句话中使用了过去分词短语作后置定语，还使用了定语从句。还有，In comparison with Western method, Chinese medicine adopts a far different approach and has raised great attention and interest worldwide due to the amazing effects. 这句话中应用了两个短语“in comparison with” 和“due to” 来作句子的状语。显示出了作者高的英语水平。D（南阳市一中 2020 春期高三第十二次考试）话题：就购书网站上购买的The Call of the Wild一书出现的问题进行投诉并提出建议难度：★★建议用时：6分52.假设你是李华，你于 2 月 25 日在购书网站 www.lovereading.com 上购买了 The Call of the Wild一书。收到后发现一些问题，请就此事给 lovereading.com 写一封信投诉，要点如下：1.写信目的； 2.存在问题； 3.要求建议。注意:1.  词数 100 左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Sir/Madam,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,I am Li Hua, a frequent customer of your website. I feel terrible to trouble you but I have to make a complaint about my terrible shopping experience on www.lovereading.com, which used to be my most reliable online bookstore.On February 25th, I ordered the novel The Call of the Wild on your website. Unexpectedly, it was one week later that the book was delivered. What's worse, when I opened the parcel, I was disappointed to discover the front cover was damaged. The last straw was that several pages of the newly published book were missing You can never imagine how annoyed I was at that moment.I strongly recommend that you should either offer me a replacement or give me a full refund. Above all, good service leads to booming business. I believe you will take my complaint seriously and I am looking forward to your early response.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一投诉信，就自己在购书网站上购买的The Call of the Wild一书出现的问题进行投诉并提出建议。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。结构：三段式结构。第一段描述写信目的；第二段描述存在的问题；第三段讲述解决方案的要求和建议。 要求：1.写信目的（make a complaint）      2.描述问题      1）发货时间晚（one week later）      2）封面损坏（the front cover was damaged）      3) 页码缺失。（pages missing）      3.解决方案的要求和建议：退换书籍或全额退款（offer me a replacement or give me a full refund）第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）feel terrible to do; make a complaint about; used to be; it was+强调部分+that+其他内容; what’s worse; be disappointed to do; either…or; above all; take sth. seriously; look forward to 第三步：连词成句1. I feel terrible to trouble you but I have to make a complaint about my terrible shopping experience on www.lovereading.com, which used to be my most reliable online bookstore.2. Unexpectedly, it was one week later that the book was delivered.3. What's worse, when I opened the parcel, I was disappointed to discover the front cover was damaged.4. I strongly recommend that you should either offer me a replacement or give me a full refund.5. Above all, good service leads to booming business.6. I believe you will take my complaint seriously and I am looking forward to your early response.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：what’s worse; besides; moreover; furthermore2.表并列选择关系：either… or连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。1.作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：1)I feel terrible to trouble you but I have to make a complaint about my terrible shopping experience on www.lovereading.com, which used to be my most reliable online bookstore.( 很抱歉打扰你，但是我不得不投诉我在www.lovereading.com上糟糕的购物经历，它曾经是我最可靠的网上书店。)这句话运用了which引导非限制性定语从句。2)Unexpectedly, it was one week later that the book was delivered.( 出乎意料的是，这本书一周后才送到。)这句话运用了强调句结构。3)The last straw was that several pages of the newly published book were missing.( 最后一点是那本新出版的书少了几页。)这句话使用了that引导表语从句。2.使用了一些固定词组，如feel terrible to do; make a complaint about; used to be; what’s worse; be disappointed to do; either…or; above all; take sth. seriously; look forward to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 E（淮北一中2020届高三最后一卷）话题：给美国朋友Jack写信难度：★★建议用时：6分52. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack在美国开了一家网店，你想请他代卖你家乡手工艺人制作的工艺品（工艺品自定），因此你给他写了一封信。信的要点如下：1.描述工艺品外形材料、特点等；2.告知工艺品的价格，并希望他能帮你代卖；注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】【参考范文】Dear Jack,How is your online business? Could you do me a favor?There are many well-known craftsmen in my city. They are experts at making traditional Chinese clay figures like Guan Yu, Jiang Ziya, Nezha. Each figure is made of clay, 2 inches in size, which is painted in different colors.With various facial expressions, the clay figures are life-like, each enjoying an interesting story. For example, Chinese people like Guan Yu, believing he can drive out evil spirits and keep people safe. Here is a picture of each figure. I will write an introduction to each figure and pack it in a beautiful gift box.By the way, I can supply them at $1 each, and you can sell them at a proper price. Hoping it will benefit both of us. Thanks!Best wishes!Yours sincerely,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是提纲类作文。要求给美国朋友Jack写信。【详解】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。根据写作提要，给你的美国朋友Jack在美国开了一家网店，你想请他代卖你家乡手工艺人制作的工艺品（工艺品自定），因此你给他写了一封信。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语有：do me a favor；be made of；in different colors；drive out等。可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Above all。2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, as well as, not only…but (also) 。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句和固定句型：They are experts at making traditional Chinese clay figures like Guan Yu, Jiang Ziya, Nezha. Each figure is made of clay, 2 inches in size, which is painted in different colors.这句话运用了定语从句。With various facial expressions, the clay figures are life-like, each enjoying an interesting story. 是用来独立主格。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。