高考英语模拟题汇编专题01 阅读理解之说明文（三）（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份高考英语模拟题汇编专题01 阅读理解之说明文（三）（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含高考英语模拟题汇编专题01阅读理解之说明文三解析版doc、高考英语模拟题汇编专题01阅读理解之说明文三原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共96页， 欢迎下载使用。

专题01 阅读理解之说明文（一）
（2020届河南省名校联盟高三联考）
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This annual movement is called migration. They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
Every autumn, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4, 000 kilometers south and find their way to California or Mexico. However, until recently no one knew how they did this.
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
The research on the monarch’s behavior has however led to a greater awareness of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
8．Which is not the purpose of animals’ migration according to the text?
A．To search for food. B．To look for a partner.
C．To breed young babies. D．To stay away from cold weather.
9．What mainly caused the decrease in the number of the monarch butterflies?
A．Weather changes. B．Human activities.
C．Trees being cut down. D．The long migration every year.
10．What can we know from the text?
A．All the animals migrate at fixed times of the year.
B．The monarch has the ability to identify the time of day.
C．The population of the monarch is decreasing rapidly every year.
D．No one knows how the monarch butterflies make their way to their destinations.
11．What does the last paragraph imply about the research?
A．It is quite encouraging. B．it is fairly complex.
C．It is very unacceptable. D．It is rather useless.
【答案】
8．C
9．B
10．B
11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了帝王蝶的迁徙及人类活动是导致帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因，向读者揭示了人与自然和谐共处的意义。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话 “They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. ”可知，动物迁徙的目的中本文并没有提及 “to breed young babies”（繁衍幼虫）这一项。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句 “Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. ”可知，人类活动是导致帝王蝶数量减少的主要原因。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 “They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. ”可知，科研人员发现帝王蝶是有辨别时间的能力的。故选B项。
11．推理判断题. 根据最后一段中 If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.（如果这种方法有效的话，也许有一天帝王蝶的数量会再次增加。我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它存活下来并在未来很长一段时间内保持其在自然界地位的机会就越大。）可知，这个研究使得人们提高了对帝王蝶这一生物的重视并作出共同努力，从而使得人们有望再次见到帝王蝶数量的增长，这种结果无疑是使人感到振奋、鼓舞的。故选A项。
（2020届河南省濮阳市高三第二次模拟）
We’re drowning in plastic. If you want to reduce your own contribution to the plastic pollution problem, recycling might seem like an easy solution.
But what happens after you clean out those plastic containers and pour them into a recycling bin? Unfortunately, the outcome isn’t as rosy as many people think; recycling is unlikely to give plastic to-go containers new life. “Of all the waste produced in 2017, only 8.4% of it eventually got recycled. It’s not that consumers aren’t motivated to recycle or that they don’t have ready access to recycling programs; the United States simply doesn’t have the proper facilities (设施),” said John Hocevar, a marine biologist with Greenpeace USA．
A recent report surveyed the United States’ 367 materials recovery facilities—the facilities that sort our recycling—and found only plastic bottles were regularly recycled. The fate of most other types of plastic such as packaging usually ends up being buried or burnt.
Not all plastic is created equal. If you turn over a transparent plastic bottle, like those used to hold water, you’ll notice a number “1” inside a triangular recycling symbol. Non-transparent jugs, like the kind that hold milk, get a “2”. At materials recovery facilities, or MRF’s, plastics get sorted based on these numbers, which indicate how recyclable they are.
Numbers 1 and 2 are relatively recyclable. Recycling gets more difficult with higher numbers, called “mixed plastic”. This waste makes up around 69% of all the plastic we use. It’s much more expensive to process than numbers 1 and 2.
So what the United States needs is facilities equipped to process other kinds of plastic. But Hocevar came up with a different solution: “The really simple answer is that we have to stop making so much throwaway plastic.”
That said, is recycling worth it? For bottles labeled (贴标签) “1” or “2”, the answer is “yes”. There’s also a growing market for plastics labeled “5”. For other numbers, Hocevar’s answer was simple: a resounding (响亮的) “no” on numbers 3, 4, 6 and 7.
8．Which problem is the USA facing according to the text?
A．People don’t know the best way to recycle.
B．Ready recycling programs are not accessible.
C．People lack awareness about plastic recycling.
D．There isn’t suitable equipment for plastic recycling.
9．What may John Hocevar think of plastic recycling in the USA?
A．Productive. B．Promising.
C．Unsatisfying. D．Controversial.
10．What information can the numbers on plastic bottles convey?
A．Whether it is easy to recycle them.
B．The recycling technology they need.
C．They places where they were produced.
D．Which dustbin we should put them into.
11．What should we do with plastic according to Hocevar?
A．Give up the use of plastic.
B．Develop more cheaper facilities.
C．Only recycle plastics labeled 1 to 5.
D．Reduce the production of mixed plastic.
【答案】
8．D
9．C
10．A
11．D
【解析】本文为说明文。讲述了塑料垃圾回收问题，标有不同数字符号的塑料瓶回收的成本也不同，有些可以回收，有些应该停止制造。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段It’s not that consumers aren’t motivated to recycle or that they don’t have ready access to recycling programs; the United States simply doesn’t have the proper facilities（这并不是说消费者没有回收利用的动机，也不是说他们没有现成的回收利用的途径;美国就是没有适当的设施）可知，美国所遇到的问题没有适当的设施，故选 D。
9．推理判断题。根据“Of all the waste produced in 2017, only 8.4% of it eventually got recycled. …the United States simply doesn’t have the proper facilities (设施),” said John Hocevar, a marine biologist with Greenpeace USA.（“在2017年产生的所有垃圾中，只有8.4%最终得到回收利用。…美国就是没有适当的设施。”美国绿色和平组织的海洋生物学家John Hocevar说，）可知，John Hocevar 对美国塑料回收不满意，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段Numbers 1 and 2 are relatively recyclable. Recycling gets more difficult with higher numbers, called “mixed plastic”. （数字1和2是相对可回收的。塑料的数量越高，回收就越困难，被称为混合塑料。）可知，塑料瓶上的数字代表了回收难度，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Hocevar came up with a different solution: “The really simple answer is that we have to stop making so much throwaway plastic.”（ Hocevar想出了一个不同的解决方案:“真正简单的答案是我们必须停止制造这么多的一次性塑料。”）可知，按照Hocevar所说，对于无法回收的混合塑料，我们应该减少生产，故选D。
（2020届河南省濮阳市高三第二次模拟）
Sometimes, you just can’t say no to another spoonful of ice cream and maybe one more after that. Why not? You deserve it.
There’s no need to beat yourself up about it later. The truth is that you were probably bound to do that from the very first spoonful. That’s because there is a switch in your brain, and for whatever reason, it can get stuck in the “on” position.
According to a new study, this impulse (冲动) control may come down to a very specific circuit (回答) in the brain which occasionally produces melanin-concentrating hormone, or MCH—a chemical linked with our desire for food or drugs. And that circuit always says yes.
By manipulating this circuit, it is possible that we might be able to develop cures for overeating that help people stick to a diet without reducing normal appetite or making delicious foods like donuts less delicious.
For their research, the scientists treated rats to a self-serve buffet. Bur the treats were on a timed delivery system, making tasty food every 20 seconds, and only when a rat pressed a lever (杠杆). Hit that lever too early—as impatient test subjects occasionally did—and the counter would start from scratch. Lever-happy rats would have to wait another cycle before the food became available again.
A second experiment offered the rats two dining options. Push Lever A and get an immediate small reward. Pushing Lever B meants waiting for around40 seconds, but the food reward would be much bigger. Guess which lever those impatient rats were most food of? That’s right. They picked the now-now-now switch.
Their impulsiveness, however, rose sharply when scientists gave the rats MCH. These animals become more impulsive. MCH, it seemed, could talk rats into loosening its inhibitions (拘束). The result? More please.
Researchers can now see where that conversation between the brain’s reward system and its impulse control center takes place. The next step will be to map it—and potentially influence the discussion. It may eventually be possible to control a food-eating impulse.
12．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “manipulating” in paragraph 4?
A．Strengthening. B．Controlling.
C．Classifying. D．Creating.
13．What would happen when a rat pressed a lever earlier than the fixed time?
A．A bigger food reward would appear.
B．Tasty food would be delivered much sooner.
C．Longer time would be needed for food to appear.
D．The lever would be stopped form delivering food.
14．Why did the researchers conduct the experiments?
A．To find out the effect of MCH on animals.
B．To prove rats are also greedy for more food.
C．To study how levers influence rats’ impulse.
D．To show rats and humans have similar impulse for food.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．What Is the Effect of Your Impulse?
B．What Can You Do to Resist More Food?
C．Why Can’t You Say “No” to Your Impulse?
D．Why Do You Always Give in to One More Mouthful?
【答案】
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。有时候，你总是忍不住再吃一勺冰淇淋，根据最新研究显示，这种冲动控制可以归结为大脑中偶尔会产生的黑色素浓缩激素，或者称MCH，它是与我们对食物或药物的渴望有关的化学物质。
12．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的And that circuit always says yes.可知，它总是说同意；根据划线词后面的it is possible that we might be able to develop cures for overeating that help people stick to a diet without reducing normal appetite or making delicious foods like donuts less delicious.可知，我们有可能开发出治疗暴饮暴食的方法，这个方法能帮助人们在不降低正常食欲的情况下坚持节食，或是让甜甜圈这样的美味食物变得不那么美味。由此可以推理出，是控制大脑中的那个回答，来研发出方法。因此下划线单词manipulating意为“操作、控制”，结合选项，选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段Hit that lever too early—as impatient test subjects occasionally did—and the counter would start from scratch. Lever-happy rats would have to wait another cycle before the food became available again. 就像不耐烦的受试者偶尔做的那样，太早按杠杆，计时器会从头开始。在食物再次供应之前，快乐的老鼠将不得不等待另一个循环。由此可以看出，当老鼠在规定时间之前按下杠杆时，食物出现需要更长的时间。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据导数第二段Their impulsiveness, however, rose sharply when scientists gave the rats MCH. These animals become more impulsive. MCH, it seemed, could talk rats into loosening its inhibitions (拘束).可知，然而，当科学家给老鼠MCH时，他们的冲动急剧上升。MCH似乎能让老鼠放松抑制。由此可以看出，研究者的实验是为了了解MCH对动物的影响。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段Sometimes, you just can’t say no to another spoonful of ice cream and maybe one more after that.可知，有时，你拒绝不了另一勺冰激凌或者再来一个；根据第三段According to a new study, this impulse (冲动) control may come down to a very specific circuit (回答) in the brain which occasionally produces melanin-concentrating hormone, or MCH—a chemical linked with our desire for food or drugs.可知据最新研究显示，这种冲动控制可以归结为大脑中的一个很特别的回答，它偶尔会产生的黑色素浓缩激素，或者称MCH，它是与我们对食物或药物的渴望有关的化学物质。由此可以看出，文章研究的是“你为什么总要多吃一口”现象，故选D。
（2020届河南省郑州市第三次质量预测）
Almost everyone has heard the expression “the calm before the storm”. It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors created the phrase in the late 1600s. They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become static and the winds would drop. But why is it often so calm before a storm?
Science has given us the answer. According to US website How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, such as hurricanes and tornadoes (龙卷风), draw in all the warm and damp air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. As the air goes down, it becomes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. This same process also causes “the eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs in the center of the storm because of the strong winds moving in a circle.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is. First, count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly 3 seconds equal 1 kilometer. So, for example, if you count 9 seconds, the storm is about 3 kilometers away. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms break after calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and cold winds.
So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. That’s the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of nature’s temper.
8．The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A．violent
B．warm
C．still
D．changeable
9．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To find out how a storm comes into being.
B．To explain why a peaceful period occurs before a storm.
C．To prove whether the research on storm clouds is correct.
D．To show how dangerous a storm can be in certain situations.
10．If there’re 15 seconds between a flash of lightning and a thunder clap, how far is the storm away?
A．About 3 kilometers.
B．About 5 kilometers.
C．About 9 kilometers.
D．About 15 kilometers.
11．What can be learned from the passage?
A．Storms don’t always blow up after calm.
B．Storms have a bad influence on our life.
C．Weather reports may fail to predict a storm.
D．Heavy storms don’t usually last a long time.
【答案】
8．C
9．B
10．B
11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章从科学角度解释了暴风雨前的平静。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的the winds would drop. But why is it often so calm before a storm?可知，风也会减弱，为什么暴风雨前总是那么平静呢？这说明在某些暴风雨来临之前，海水是静止的。由此可知划线词意为“静止的”，故C项正确。
9．推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的But why is it often so calm before a storm?及第三段中的Science has given us the answer.可知，为什么暴风雨来临前总是很平静呢？科学家们给出了答案。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是从科学角度解释暴风雨前的平静，故B项正确。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段中的First, count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly 3 seconds equal 1 kilometer.可知，首先，数一数闪电和雷声之间有多少秒，大约3秒等于1公里。由此可知，如果闪电和雷声之间有15秒的间隔，暴风雨还有大约5公里，故B项正确。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms break after calm.可知，然而，由于风暴系统的复杂性，并不是所有的暴风雨都会在平静之后爆发，故A项正确。
（2020届河南省郑州市第三次质量预测）
Record fires sweeping across the Amazon recently have been making the headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity(生物多样性）。
As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called"the lungs of the world”. It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million local people. The vast area of rainforest plays an important role in the world's ecosystem because it absorbs heat instead of reflecting heat back into the atmosphere. It also stores carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, ensuring that less carbon is released, reducing the effects of climate change.
＂Any forest destroyed is a danger to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity," Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic."The great danger is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere,"he stressed."In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.The Amazon must be protected,"UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.
Data from the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August a year ago.A total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first 8 months of 2019,up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018,INPE said.＂We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months," Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.
Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest,whose degradation(恶化）could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall.The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has gone beyond Brazil's borders.
12．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The great role of the Amazon rainforest.
B．The effects of consistent climate change.
C．The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.
D．The results of the Amazon rainforest fires.
13．Why does the author mention the figures in the fourth paragraph?
A．To explain the process of the research.
B．To present the bad influence of forest fires.
C．To prove the great importance of the rainforest.
D．To show the emergency of protecting the rainforest.
14．What does the author want to tell us in the passage?
A．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.
B．The biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.
C．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.
D．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.
15．Which section of a magazine might this passage probably be taken from?
A．Climate and life.
B．Nature and geography.
C．Humankind and society.
D．Science and technology.
【答案】
12．A
13．D
14．C
15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雨林火灾造成严重的后果以及保护亚马逊雨林的紧急性。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段第三句“The vast area of rainforest plays an important role in the world's ecosystem because it absorbs heat instead of reflecting heat back into the atmosphere.”可知，广袤的雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它吸收热量，而不是将热量反射回大气。再结合第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲亚马逊雨林的巨大作用。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months”可知，Carlos Nobre说：“我们估计巴西亚马逊河流域的森林面积比过去12个月减少了20%到30%”。再根据第三段最后一句中的“The Amazon must be protected”可推知，作者提到第四段中的数字是为了说明保护雨林的紧急性。故选D项。
14．主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其最后一段“Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose degradation(恶化）could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall. The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has gone beyond Brazil's borders.”可知，巴西拥有大约60%的亚马逊雨林，其恶化可能对全球气候和降雨的后果严重。火灾毁坏的地区范围尚未确定，但紧急情况已经超出了巴西的边界。由此可推知，作者旨在告诉我们，雨林火灾造成严重的后果。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity”和第二段中的“The vast area of rainforest plays an important role in the world's ecosystem”并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述的是关于自然和地理的知识，所以本文最有可能摘自报纸的自然地理部分。故选B项。
（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟）
Are you seeking a job to start your career in teaching?Are you enthusiastic about teaching English? If yes,we have a perfect role for you!Reed Education Teachers is working with good and outstanding schools in Waltham Forest that are looking for enthusiastic and excellent English teachers.
What will be offered to you:
●Support in developing within an outstanding school;
●An outstanding working environment;
●Opportunities and support for personal development;
●Opportunities for rapid development within the school;
●Competitive and negotiable starting salaries;
●Rapid,free and all-sided support;
●Professional insight into the right schools for you to begin your teaching career;
●Continued professional development;
●Additional benefits available.
You will be:
●Teaching KS3/4 English;
●Supported from the Head of English into teaching KS5 English;
●Encouraging and helping students develop their English speaking,writing and reading;
●Organized,able to do several tasks at the same time and have enthusiasm for work;
●Able to build a close relationship with colleagues and work within a team effectively;
●Reporting to the Head of Department every 15 days;
●Supporting the ideas,principles and values of the school.
The schools:
●Judged by Ofsted(英国教育标准局）as outstanding schools;
●Excellent fame;
●Focus on achievements and rapidly growing;
●Enthusiastic about supporting new staff in their career move;
●Friendly and supportive staffs.
Interested? Apply today! You will be contacted by marketa. juggapah@reedglobal. com if selected by us. Reed Education Stratford- we are devoted to helping children and young people develop. Through our communication with our schools,we can highlight their needs and respond to them with the best staff possible. As a teacher,you will benefit from having your own personal consultant to work with,which is where we differ from most agencies. Let's work together to find the perfect role for you.
1．For what purpose does Reed Education Teachers make the advertisement?
A．To attract some top students.
B．To look for some excellent English teachers.
C．To offer some English courses free of charge.
D．To raise some money to set up some outstanding schools.
2．People who get the job must_
A．have team spirit
B．be competitive in all fields
C．adjust to the rules of the school quickly
D．be able to work in a high-pressure environment
3．Good and outstanding schools in Waltham Forest
A．have very strict rules
B．offer a high salary for their staff
C．focus more on students' development
D．help the new teachers develop better
【答案】
1．B
2．A
3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是Reed Education Teachers发布的一则招聘英语教师广告。文章介绍了学校将为聘用的教师提供什么，教师的职责，对招聘教师的学校的介绍。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Reed Education Teachers is working with good and outstanding schools in Waltham Forest that are looking for enthusiastic and excellent English teachers. (Reed Education Teachers正在与Waltham Forest的优秀学校合作，寻找热情又优秀的英语教师。)可知Reed Education Teachers做这个广告的目的是寻找一些优秀的英语教师。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据“You will be: ”段中的Able to build a close relationship with colleagues and work within a team effectively(能够与同事建立密切关系，并在团队内有效工作)可知得到这份工作的人必须有团队精神。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Reed Education Teachers is working with good and outstanding schools in Waltham Forest(Reed Education Teachers正在与Waltham Forest的优秀学校合作)可知此则广告中的“The schools”指的是Waltham Forest的优秀学校。再根据“The schools:”段中的Enthusiastic about supporting new staff in their career move (积极支持新员工的职业发展)可知Waltham Forest的优秀学校帮助新教师更好地发展。故选D项。
（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟）
On January 12,a few days after registration for the course of Psychology and the Good Life,roughly 300 people had signed up. Within three days,the figure had more than doubled. After three more days, about 1,200 students,or nearly one-fourth of Yale undergraduates,were enrolled.
The course,taught by Laurie Santos,42,a psychology professor and the head of one of Yale's residential colleges,tries to teach students how to lead a happier,more satisfying life in twice-weekly lectures.
＂Students want to change,to be happier themselves,and to change the culture here on campus," Dr,Santos said in an interview. "With one in four students at Yale taking it,if we see good habits, things like students showing more gratitude,delaying less,increasing social connections,we're actually seeing change in the school's culture. "
Dr. Santos discovered that Yale students are interested in the class because,in high school,they had to give up their happiness to gain admission to the school,adopting harmful life habits that have led to what she called"the mental health crises we're seeing at places like Yale. "A 2013 report by the Yale College Council found that more than half of undergraduates sought mental health care from the university during their time there.
＂In reality,a lot of us are anxious,stressed and unhappy,"said Alannah Maynez,19,a freshman taking the course. "The fact that a class like this has such large interest speaks to how much students numb their emotions-both positive and negative-so they can only focus on their work,the next step and the next accomplishment. "
Students have long requested that Yale offer a course on positive psychology,according to Woo-Ky-oung Ahn,director of undergraduate studies in psychology,who said she was"blown away"by Dr. Santos' s proposal for the class.
Administrators like Fr. Ahn expected significant enrollment for the class,but none anticipated it being quite so large. Psychology and the Good Life,with 1,182 undergraduates currently enrolled,stands as the most popular course in Yale's 316-year history. The previous record-holder-Psychology and the Law-was offered in 1992 and had about 1,050 students,according to Marvin Chun,the Yale College dean. Most large lectures at Yale don't exceed 600.
4．What is the purpose of the course?
A．To make students learn to show thanks.
B．To change the culture of the campus.
C．To increase students 'social connections.
D．To teach students how to become happier.
5．What does the underlined word"numb"in the fifth paragraph mean?
A．Unable to express.
B．Managing to let out.
C．Willing to share.
D．Failing to control.
6．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?
A．Students are interested in the course.
B．Students suffered from mental problems before.
C．Students have changed greatly after the course.
D．Students pay much attention to their performances.
7．What's the text mainly about?
A．Mental problems of undergraduates.
B．A famous professor-Laurie Santos.
C．Yale's most popular course in history.
D．How to teach college students to be happy.
【答案】
4．D
5．A
6．B
7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了耶鲁一所大学42岁的心理学教授Laurie Santos试图通过每周两次的课程讲座Psychology and the Good Life，教授学生如何过上更快乐、更满足的生活，而且成为耶鲁这所大学历史上最受欢迎的课程。
4．细节理解题。由文章的第2段中“The course,taught by Laurie Santos,42,a psychology professor and the head of one of Yale's residential colleges,tries to teach students how to lead a happier,more satisfying life in twice-weekly lectures.这门由42岁心理学教授，也是耶鲁一所大学的校长，试图通过每周两次的讲座教授学生如何更快乐、更满足的生活。”可知课程设置的目的是引导学生更开心更满意。故选D项。
5．词句猜测题。由该句“The fact that a class like this has such large interest speaks to how much students numb their emotions-both positive and negative-so they can only focus on their work,the next step and the next accomplishment. 事实上这样的课程引起学生这么大的兴趣，说明学生非常厌倦麻木自己的情绪—无论是积极的还是消极的—学生麻木自己的情绪是为了把注意力放在学业上，放在下一个任务上，放在下一个成就上。”可知，学生的情绪已经麻木。故numb的意思为麻木的，即无法宣泄自己的情绪。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第4段“Dr. Santos discovered that Yale students are interested in the class because, in high school, they had to give up their happiness to gain admission to the school, adopting harmful life habits that have led to what she called"the mental health crises we're seeing at places like Yale. Dr. Santos推测，耶鲁学生对这门课感兴趣是因为在高中阶段，他们为升学而不得不忽略自己的幸福快乐，养成了有害的生活习惯，导致了在耶鲁这样的地方，我们正在目睹精神健康危机。”可知，学生们之前遭受了精神健康危机。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。由文章第1段“On January 12,a few days after registration for the course of Psychology and the Good Life,roughly 300 people had signed up. Within three days,the figure had more than doubled. After three more days, about 1,200 students,or nearly one-fourth of Yale undergraduates,were enrolled. 在耶魯大学的课程开放注册三天后，注册人数达到300人左右；又过了三天，约有1200名学生，也就是近四分之一的耶鲁本科生报名选修这门课。”和最后一段“Psychology and the Good Life,with 1,182 undergraduates currently enrolled,stands as the most popular course in Yale's 316-year history. ”这门课程目前有1182名本科生报名选修，成为耶鲁建校316年来最受欢迎的课程”可知，这门课程是耶鲁这所大学历史上最受欢迎的。故选C项。
（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟）
There are few things in life that are more irritating(令人愤怒的）：You are mid-conversation with a friend. Suddenly he bursts out laughing,making you think you've made a brilliant joke. But then he says:"Sorry,I wasn't laughing at you,I just saw something really funny on micro blog. "He even begins replying to a text message or checking his e-mails.
The Guardian described the scene that a friend's face buried in a screen"a distinct 21 st-century problem". The phenomenon even coins a new word"phubbing",referring to the act of snubbing(冷落） others in a social setting by looking at your phone instead of paying attention. According to research by advertising agency McCann in the UK,37 percent of people feel it is worse not to answer a message than it is to"phub"your friends.
Phil Reed,a professor of psychology at Swansea University who has studied Internet addiction disorder,said many phubbers show symptoms of addiction to their mobile phone.
Like pointing or picking your nose,phubbing is widely considered rude,which can be seen from the popularity of"Stop Phubbing"campaign,which started in Australia by 23-year-old Alex Haigh who wants to shame people who snub friends and family they are with in favor of checking their mobile phone.
The campaign's website claims that"97 percent of people claim their food tasted worse while being a victim of phubbing"and"92 percent of repeat phubbers go on to become politicians".
According to Katy Steinmetz,reporter with Time,phubbing"has a much greater potential to hamper（阻碍）real-life connections by making people around us feel like we care more about posts than their presence". She believes it is the reason why the campaign can resonate(产生共鸣）with people and is getting press around the world.
In the UK,Glamour magazine even imagined just how Jane Austen would have satirized(讽刺）those in need of social etiquette(礼节）when it comes to using their smartphone. Or,to paraphrase(意译）the novelist,how it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man(or woman)in possession of a good smartphone must be in want of manners.
8．The example in the opening paragraph is used to show
A．how people benefit from modern technology
B．how to reply text messages and e-mails properly
C．how to avoid hurting your friends'feelings
D．how mobile phone addiction damages our social relations
9．The purpose of the"Stop Phubbing"campaign is to_
A．persuade people to stop using mobile phones
B．give professional advice to phubbing victims
C．help people realize the rudeness of phubbing behaviors
D．encourage people to spend more time with their family
10．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the article?
A．People who often phub are more likely to make a successful politician.
B．Pointing or picking one's nose are common symptoms of phubbers.
C．Phubbing is against human nature in that we do need real-life connections.
D．More than one third British would rather not answer a message than phub their friends.
11．What is the tone of the last paragraph?
A．serious
B．humorous
C．doubtful
D．disagreeing
【答案】
8．D
9．C
10．C
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述低头族沉迷于手机而冷落他人的现象，这种行为是无礼的，而且阻碍了和现实生活的联系。
8．推理判断题。由第一段第一句“There are few things in life that are more irritating(令人愤怒的）：You are mid-conversation with a friend.”，第三句“But then he says:" Sorry, I wasn't laughing at you,I just saw something really funny on micro blog. "”和最后一句“He even begins replying to a text message or checking his e-mails.”可知，在生活中有一些事情是更加令人愤怒的，那就是你在和朋友谈话过程中。他说，“抱歉，我不是在嘲笑你，我只是在微薄上看到一些有趣的事情。”他甚至开始回复短信或者检查他的邮件。由此可见，朋友在谈话过程中专注手机的这种行为让作者非常愤怒。开头这个举例是为了展示沉迷手机是如何破坏我们的社交关系。结合选项可知，选项D正确。
9．推理判断题。由第四段前半部分“Like pointing or picking your nose, phubbing is widely considered rude, which can be seen from the popularity of "Stop Phubbing" campaign, ”可知，像指鼻子或者挖鼻子一样，低头族行为被认为是无礼的，这个从“禁止低头族”运动的流行可以看出。由此可见，“禁止低头族”运动的目的是为了让人们意识到低头族行为是无礼的。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
10．细节理解题。由第六段第一句“According to Katy Steinmetz, reporter with Time, phubbing "has a much greater potential to hamper（阻碍）real-life connections by making people around us feel like we care more about posts than their presence".”可知，根据《时代》杂志的记者Katy Steinmetz，低头族通过使我们周围的人觉得比起他们的存在我们更关心邮件，去阻碍现实生活之间的联系。由此可知，低头症违背了人类的天性，因为我们确实需要现实生活中的联系。选项C正确。
11．推理判断题。由最后一段第一句“In the UK, Glamour magazine even imagined just how Jane Austen would have satirized(讽刺）those in need of social etiquette(礼节）when it comes to using their smartphone.”可知，在英国，《魅力杂志》甚至想象了简·奥斯丁如何讽刺那些要使用手机时需要社交礼节的人。由此可知，“低头族也需要社交礼节”表达的是一种幽默的讽刺。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟）
Over a cup of iced tea at the midtown Radiance Tea House&Books,whose noise is not much louder than a coffee machine's,Gregory Scott Farber,a non-practicing lawyer who works as a research analyst, described SoundPrint he created as"Yelp for noise". SoundPrint allows users to search for and grade restaurants and bars according to their sound level. "laces are getting louder,"Farber said. "People tell me thirty or forty years ago you could go somewhere to eat and expect to have a conversation. "
Farber suffers from permanent hearing loss,caused by meningitis(脑脊膜炎)which he contracted when he was a baby. Like so many great inventions,Farber's invention arose from a desire to find love-or,at least,a place to have a date. "When I was dating,I put a lot of efforts into trying to pick quiet spots,"he said. "I'd google' quiet restaurants'. Then I would show up,but it would be noisy. " His hearing aid helped,but not enough. "Out of curiosity,I started taking decibel(分贝)measurements. "He sent a list of his favorite quiet places to friends in the hearing-loss community,and soon found many requests from his normal-hearing friends.
SoundPrint includes a sound-level meter,so diners and drinkers can take measurements using their smartphones,and upload data to the database. Farber said that the app brings no profit. SoundPrint covers about two thousand cities,though only fifteen have a significant number of users. Farber recently analyzed the data from 2,376 Manhattan restaurants and bars,and the findings are not good for ears. More than 70%of the former and 90%of the latter were rated as"loud"-defined as between 76 and 80 decibels,or as noisy as an air-conditioner.
12．What does Gregory Scott Farber do for a living?
A．He sells hearing aids.
B．He develops computer programs.
C．He defends people in a court of law.
D．He makes a detailed analysis of data.
13．Why did Farber create SoundPrint?
A．Because he wanted to earn more money.
B．Because he could hear nothing without a hearing aid.
C．Because he wanted to help his friends who suffer hearing loss.
D．Because he suffered hearing loss and wanted to find a quiet place for dating.
14．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．SoundPrint can be downloaded to user's phones.
B．SoundPrint can detect noise from air-conditioner.
C．SoundPrint is widely used in 2,000 American cities.
D．SoundPrints can analyze data from restaurants and bars
15．The data collected by SoundPrint showed that ______in Manhattan.
A．restaurants are noisier than bars
B．a large majority of bars are noisy
C．there are more restaurants than bars
D．all the bars are as noisy as air-conditioners
【答案】
12．D
13．D
14．A
15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述Gregory Scott Farber开发了一个叫做SoundPrint的软件。通过数据收集和分析，可以帮助用户找到安静的地方。
12．细节理解题。根据第1段Gregory Scott Farber, a non-practicing lawyer who works as a research analyst（Gregory Scott Farber,一位非执业律师,从事研究分析师工作）可知，Gregory Scott Farber从事的是“研究分析师”的工作。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。由第2段Farber suffers from permanent hearing loss, caused by meningitis(脑脊膜炎）which he contracted when he was a baby. Like so many great inventions, Farber's invention arose from a desire to find love-or, at least, a place to have a date（法伯患有永久性听力损失，是由他小时候感染的脑膜炎引起的。和许多伟大的发明一样，Farber的发明源于寻找爱情的渴望，或者至少是一个约会的地方。）可知，Farber 发明SoundPrint的原因，是因为他从小患病，且为了在约会的时候找寻一个安静的地方。所以才开发了这款软件。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段SoundPrint includes a sound-level meter, so diners and drinkers can take measurements using their smartphones, and upload data to the database(SoundPrint包括一个声音电平测量器，食客和饮酒者可以使用智能手机进行测量，并将数据上传到数据库)可知，用户可以通过手机下载SoundPrint。故选A项。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段Farber recently analyzed the data from 2,376 Manhattan restaurants and bars, and the findings are not good for ears（Farber最近分析了来自曼哈顿2376家餐馆和酒吧的数据，发现这些餐馆和酒吧对耳朵不好）可知，这些曼哈顿的很多餐馆和酒吧产生的声音对耳朵不好，比较吵闹。故选B项。
（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟）
Getting old might not be something that's yet to cross your mind. But ageing is unavoidably going to get the better of us one day. And that’s why scientists are constantly seeking out evidence that will show us what we need to do to achieve longevity.
We all know that regular exercise is good for us. In recent years, although we've been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, other advice to do three quick and energetic 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective. And the latest piece of research might put a spring in your step if you’re someone who walks at a fast pace. That’s because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing.
Tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing". Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked fester. And what’s worse, the study found not only did slower walkers' bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains.
This might be seen as a wake-up call for people with a slower pace who might feel it's time to work out get fitter. But it might be too late; researchers say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45-year-olds using the results of intelligence, language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three. They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing which people will go on to have a healthier life.
So, what's the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain? Well, researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age, and understanding what this might mean, could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing. This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy. Any steps we can take to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!
8．Which of the following is considered to be a better choice?
A．Walking 10,000 steps a day. B．Doing three quick and energetic walks a day.
C．Doing irregular exercise every day. D．Frequently doing sports in spring.
9．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Faster walkers will get fitter, be younger and have bigger brains.
B．People's health condition can be predicted from their walking speed at 45.
C．This study found that slower walkers age more slowly.
D．People who walk faster are more brilliant than slower walkers.
10．What does the underlined word "prolong" in Para.5 mean?
A．give something up B．transfer something at random
C．make something last longer D．put something off
11．What would be the best title?
A．Walking to Stay Young B．Getting Old and Doing Exercise
C．Having a Happy Life D．Slow Walking and Ageing
【答案】
8．B
9．A
10．C
11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项研究发现，走的慢会导致衰老加速，而快速走路的人则会更加健康、看起来更年轻且大脑也较大。因此我们要在年轻时就要改变生活方式，快速走路，来延长健康的精神和身体状态。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的In recent years, although we've been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, other advice to do three quick and energetic 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective. (最近几年，尽管有人告诉我们每天走1万步可以保持健康，另一个每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步的建议被认为是更有效的)可知，每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步是一个更好的选择。B. Doing three quick and energetic walks a day.( 每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步)符合以上说法，故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段的Tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing". Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked fester. And what’s worse, the study found not only did slower walkers' bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains.(对1000个出生于20世纪70年代的新西兰的人测试发现，走得慢的人往往表现出“加速衰老”的迹象。他们的肺、牙齿和免疫系统都不如那些走路快的人。更糟糕的是，这项研究发现走得慢的人不仅身体衰老更快，他们的脸看起来更老，他们的大脑也更小)可推测，走路快的人他们会更健康、看起来更年轻且大脑也较大。A. Faster walkers will get fitter, be younger and have bigger brains.(走路快的人会变得更健康、更年轻、大脑更大)符合以上推测，故选A项。
10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段的This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy. Any steps we can take to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!(这可能会帮助我们在年轻和健康的时候改变生活方式。我们可以采取任何措施来prolong一个良好精神和身体状态，这是一件不需要考虑的事情。)和第三段的slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing".(走得慢的人往往表现出“加速衰老”的迹象)可知，这里是指我们要采取一些措施来减慢衰老，即延长良好的精神和身体状态。故猜测划线部分的意思是“延长”。 C. make something last longer(让某物持续更长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的Tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing".(对1000个出生于20世纪70年代的新西兰的人测试发现，走得慢的人往往表现出“加速衰老”的迹象。)可知，本文主要讲述了走得慢会加速衰老。D. Slow Walking and Ageing(慢走和衰老)可以作为本文标题，故选D项。
（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟）
In South Korea, students pay for classes in everything from K-pop auditions (韩流试镜)to real estate (房地产)deals. Now, top Korean firms are using artificial intelligence (AI) in hiring, and job-seekers want to learn how to beat the robots.
From his basement office in Seoul, career consultant Park Seong-jung is among those in a growing business of offering lessons in handling recruitment screening by computers, not people. Video interviews using facial recognition technology to analyze character are key, according to Park.
"Don't force a smile with your lips," he told students looking for work in a recent session, one of many he said he has conducted for hundreds of people. "Smile with your eyes".
Classes in dealing with Al in hiring, are still a tiny part of the country's multi-billion-dollar cram school (补习学校)industry. But classes are growing fast, operators like Park's People & People consultancy claim, offering a three-hour package for Up to 100,000 won ($86).
There's good reason to see potential. As many: as 8 out of every 10 South Korean students are estimated to have used cram schools, and high youth unemployment in the country—nearly one in four young people are not in the workforce—offers a motivation not present in other countries where cram schools are popular, like Japan.
One AI video system reviewed by Reuters asks candidates to introduce themselves, during which it spots and counts facial expressions including "fear" and "joy" and analyses word choices. AI hiring also uses "gamification" to judge a candidate's personality and adaptability by putting them through numbers of tests. Preparing for such tests doesn't necessarily involve simply memorizing answers. Some games don't even have a 'right answer', as they are aimed to spot the problem-solving attitude of the applicant.
Consultant Park said he gave Al firing talks to more than 700 university students, graduates and lecturers in 2019. In an online chat room monitored by Park, with more than 600 participants, numerous messages indicate thanks for the classes and success in AI interview quests. "Students are struggling from the emergence of AI interviews. My goal is to help them be fully prepared for what they will be dealing with," said Park.
12．What does Park Seong-jung do?
① He gives students lectures about Al hiring.
② He handles his company s recruitment.
③ He analyzes character by using Al technology.
④ He keeps an eye on an online chat room.
A．①④ B．②③
C．①② D．③④
13．Gamification is mainly used to judge the following EXCEPT candidates' .
A．personality B．adaptability
C．problem-solving attitude D．memory ability
14．What's the main idea of this passage?
A．Smile with eyes is better than smile with lips.
B．Companies are increasingly using Al in recruitment.
C．Classes are available in dealing with Al in hiring.
D．Cram schools are popular in South Korea.
15．What may be discussed in the next paragraph?
A．People's attitude towards other types of cram schools.
B．Examples of struggling students who didn't take classes.
C．Companies' strategy against fully prepared applicants.
D．The next step of those who have passed the interview.
【答案】
12．A
13．D
14．C
15．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了因为韩国的大型公司采用了人工智能面试，所以教授应对人工智能面试的培训课程应运而生。它们为求职者提供方法和技巧“打败”人工智能，让他们可以获得工作。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Consultant Park said he gave Al hiring talks to more than 700 university students, graduates and lecturers in 2019. In an online chat room monitored by Park, with more than 600 participants, numerous messages indicate thanks for the classes and success in AI interview quests.(咨询师朴说,在2019年他给700多名大学生、毕业生和讲师做过人工智能招聘讲座。在一个由他监控的在线聊天室里，有超过600名参与者，大量的信息表明了对课程的感谢和人工智能应聘的成功)可知，Park Seong-jung给学生做人工智能招聘的讲座并监控一个在线聊天室。即① He gives students lectures about Al hiring. (他给学生做人工智能招聘的讲座)和④ He keeps an eye on an online chat room.(他监控一个在线聊天室)是朴所做的事情。A. ①④符合以上说法，故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的AI hiring also uses ''gamification'' to judge a candidate's personality and adaptability by putting them through numbers of tests. Preparing for such tests doesn't necessarily involve simply memorizing answers. Some games don't even have a 'right answer', as they are aimed to spot the problem-solving attitude of the applicant.(人工智能招聘同时也会使用gamification来测试应聘者的个性和适应能力。准备这样的考试并不一定包括简单的记忆答案。有些游戏甚至连“正确答案“都没有，因为它们的目的是要发现应试者解决问题的态度)可知，gamification可以测试应聘者的个性、适应能力和解决问题的态度。D. memory ability(记忆能力)不符合以上说法，故选D项。
14．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Now, top Korean firms are using artificial intelligence (AI) in hiring, and job-seekers want to learn how to beat the robots.(现在韩国的顶级公司在招聘时使用了人工智能，求职者们想要学习如何打败人工智能)和第四段的Classes in dealing with Al in hiring, are still a tiny part of the country's multi-billion-dollar cram school (补习学校)industry. (处理人工智能招聘的课程，在这个国家数十亿美元的补习班行业中还是很小的一部分)可知，本文主要讲述了在韩国有应对人工智能招聘的专门课程，为求职者们提供技能来打败人工智能，获得工作。C. Classes are available in dealing with Al in hiring.(有应对人工智能招聘的课程)符合以上说法，故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的''Students are struggling from the emergence of AI interviews. My goal is to help them be fully prepared for what they will be dealing with, '' said Park.(随着人工智能面试官的出现，学生们正在苦苦挣扎。我的目标是帮助他们为他们即将应对的事情做好充分的准备)可推测，文章可能会接着举几个没有参加课程而苦苦挣扎的学生的例子，以此来反衬上此类课程的好处。B. Examples of struggling students who didn't take classes.(那些没有上课而苦苦挣扎的学生的例子)符合以上推测，故选B项。
（2020届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三模拟一）
One after another, telecommunications giants (通信巨头) have announced their latest fifth generation (5G) products. They have also claimed that 5G technology would be used on a massive scale by 2020. Yet, when reporting about 5G, many domestic media outlets have described it as a “much faster” technology than 4G without mentioning any of its other advantages. As a result, the common public view about 5G is that they could “download a high-density movie within one second”. Beyond that, most people know nothing about 5G.
Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed. According to the criteria of 3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at least three purposes—for connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.
“Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the Internet of things would be impossible. 5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals (终端) and thus establish high-speed coordination among them, and help the chips inside the terminals to timely react to meet people’s needs. Take for example, autonomous vehicles, which are mature technology products. Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors, such as radar, computer vision, and GPS to identify navigation paths and obstacles. 5G technology will link all the elements of a transportation system, such as traffic lights, cameras and, of course, cars to establish perfect coordination so they can avoid obstacles and move on navigation paths, which will help strengthen self-driving technology.
Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to other fields where high safety standards are required. For instance, in certain surgeries, surgeons insert nano-robots inside a patient’s body and have to maintain constant control over the robots to ensure they perform their functions and do not cause any harm to the patient. This is an technology can be of great help, as it can establish reliable and continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.
8．What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follow?
A．Eliminating delays. B．5G network capacity.
C．Disadvantages of 5G. D．Building 5G base stations.
9．Which can also serve as an example of “connecting everything”?
A．Improvement of smart phone signals.
B．Decrease in telecommunication cost.
C．High speed in-playing computer games.
D．Online tests for all members at the same time.
10．Why can 5G be used in fields with high safety standards?
A．It can attract most eyeball on a massive scale.
B．It can provide dependable and constant service.
C．It offers massive machine type of communication.
D．It employs 4G base stations and occupy less space.
11．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．5G Technology: More Than about High Speed
B．5G Technology Will Shape the Future of Connectivity
C．Telecom Giants Work Together to Better 5G Technology
D．Advantages and Disadvantages of 5G Technology and Products
【答案】
8．A
9．D
10．B
11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍除了高速，5G技术还有连接一切、连接可靠性以及消除延迟等特点。
8．推理判断题。由第二段的第二句“According to the criteria of 3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at least three purposes—for connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.”，第三段的第一句““Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the Internet of things would be impossible.”以及第四段的第一句“Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to other fields where high safety standards are required.”可知，根据3GPP一个国际标准化组织的标准，5G技术能够在至少3个方面使用，分别时连接一切，连接的可靠性以及消除延迟。连接一切对于5G技术来说是一个合适的口号，没有这个特征因特网的所有事情都将变成不可能。连接可靠性是5G技术的另外一个基本特征，这一技术的使用可以延申到要求高安全标准的其他领域。由此可见，作者接下来可能会讨论的是5G技术的消除延迟这个特征。结合选项可知，选项A正确。
9．推理判断题。由第三段第二句“5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals (终端) and thus establish high-speed coordination among them, and help the chips inside the terminals to timely react to meet people’s needs.”可知，5G能让一个计算机服务器连接到多个终端，然后在它们之中建立告诉协调，并且帮助在终端里面的芯片能够及时做出反应满足人们的需求。结合选项可知，选项D表达的是“同时对所有成员进行网络测试”，符合5G的连接一切的特征，可以作为5G连接一切这个特征的具体举例。故选D。
10．细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句“This is an technology can be of great help, as it can establish reliable and continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.”可知，这是一项非常有帮助的技术，因为它能在监控器和纳米机器人之间建立可靠而且持续的连接。由此可知，5G技术能够在高安全标准的领域使用，是因为它能提供可靠而且持续的服务。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
11．主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，第二段的第一句“Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed.”，第三段的第一句““Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the Internet of things would be impossible.”以及第四段的第一句“Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to other fields where high safety standards are required.”可知，实际上，除了速度之外，5G技术比4G有更多的优势。连接一切对于5G技术来说是一个合适的口号，没有这个特征因特网的所有事情都将变成不可能。连接可靠性是5G技术的另外一个基本特征，这一技术的使用可以延申到要求高安全标准的其他领域。由此可见，全文主要是在讲述5G技术的特点不仅仅只是高速。结合选项可知，选项A正确。
（2020届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三模拟一）
Why do people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work?
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor to an external factor. When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them-to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, result in concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
12．People volunteer mainly out of ________.
A．school requirements B．social expectations
C．financial rewards D．internal needs
13．What does the author want to tell us in the third paragraph?
A．People who participate in volunteer programs in schools are sensitive.
B．External factors are more important than internal factors in volunteer work.
C．Being required to be volunteers may make people reluctant to do volunteer work.
D．Volunteer programs in school can encourage people to do more volunteer work in future.
14．What can we learn from the Florida study?
A．Follow-up studies should last-for one year.
B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C．Strategy training is a must in research.
D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
15．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A．Individual differences in role identity.
B．Practical advice from researchers.
C．Role identity as a volunteer.
D．Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
【答案】
12．D
13．C
14．B
15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们为什么参加志愿服务工作以及是什么鼓励志愿者继续他们的志愿工作。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate.可知，研究人员已经确定了一些鼓励人们参加志愿服务因素，例如，表达与无私有关的个人价值观，扩大他们的经验范围，以及加强社会关系等，如果做志愿者不能满足这些需求，人们可能不愿意参加，再结合第三段中的shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor to an external factor可知，人们做志愿服务主要是出于内心的需求。故D项正确。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，特别是根据People also volunteer because they are required to do so.及these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor to an external factor. When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future.可知，被要求成为志愿者会把人们的参与意愿从内在因素转变为外在因素，这样他们以后就不太可能成为志愿者。由此可知，本段主要是告诉我们被要求成为志愿者可能会让人们不愿意做志愿服务。故C项正确。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中的For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.及The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.可知，例如，佛罗里达州的一项研究对238名志愿者进行了长达一年的跟踪调查，发现影响他们作为志愿者满意度的最重要因素之一是他们在志愿者岗位上所经历的痛苦，研究人员指出，应注意培训方法，让志愿者为遇到麻烦的情况做好准备，或者为他们提供应对他们所经历的问题的策略。由此可知，佛罗里达的研究表明志愿者应该从心理上为工作中遇到的困难做好准备。故B项正确。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.可知，另一项研究对芝加哥医院的302名志愿者进行了调查，研究的重点是人们在多大程度上视志愿者为重要的社会角色，他们发现那些以志愿者的角色作为个人身份的人也最有可能继续从事志愿工作。由此可知，作为志愿者的角色认同最有可能激励志愿者继续他们的志愿工作，故C项正确。
（2020届江西省赣州市高三二模）
Researchers in Japan have installed (安装) on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.
The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2018-19.
Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick (舔) the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the danger of a fast-moving train. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.
This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRD). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to warn other deer when they sense danger. The barking of the hunting dog, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second-long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly.
RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include still barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but the unpleasant noises will not be so loud in areas where people live beside the tracks.
8．Why are deer attracted to train tracks?
A．To get close to the passing trail. B．To get nutrition from train tracks.
C．To hunt for food near the train tracks. D．To gather together at night near railways.
9．What has been tried to solve the railway problem in Japan?
A．Robots. B．Hunting dogs.
C．Lion face paintings. D．Specially designed tracks.
10．What do we know about the speaker?
A．Its inventors drew inspiration from deer’s habit.
B．It will be put to use in areas where deer appear.
C．It will affect people who live beside the track.
D．It has decreased more than half of deer sighting.
11．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A dietary habit of deer.
B．A traffic problem caused by deer.
C．A battle between human and animals.
D．An invention designed to keep deer off the tracks.
【答案】
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
【解析】本文是说明文。为了防止鹿撞上铁轨，日本的研究人员在火车上安装扬声器，发出像狗一样吠叫、像鹿一样短而尖锐的声音。这样鹿感觉到危险时，就会惊慌地逃离。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick (舔) the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks（鹿被铁路线吸引是因为它们的饮食需要铁。它们舔那些由于车轮与轨道的作用而产生的铁屑。）”可知，鹿被吸引到铁轨，是因为它们要从铁轨上获取铁这种营养素。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.”可知，日本尝试过用狮子脸的画来让鹿远离铁轨，但是没有成功。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to warn other deer when they sense danger. …When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second-long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly.( RTRI的官员解释说，鹿有一种习惯，当它们感觉到危险时，会不断地用短而尖锐的声音来警告其他鹿。……当鹿听到3秒钟的鹿发出的声音和20秒的狗叫声时，它们会惊慌并迅速逃离。)”，因此可以推断，研究人员在火车上安装扬声器，是从鹿的习性中获得灵感。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。文章第一段是全文的主题段“Researchers in Japan have installed (安装) on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.（日本的研究人员在火车上安装扬声器，发出的声音像狗一样吠叫和像鹿一样发出的声音，是为了防止动物撞上铁轨。）”，下文说明发明这种扬声器的原因和它的功效。因此文章是介绍了让鹿远离铁轨的一项发明。故选D项。
（2020届江西省赣州市高三二模）
Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has, although some are far better at it than others. But a new study out from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it.
Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and-birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex, the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey out of the sky. They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward. Most of the fish were able to pick out their learned face, even when colors were taken away or methods were used to make the face shapes unclear.
This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big -brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time. The development of the neocortex may contribute only to quickly process a large number of faces in varying situations. But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions.
12．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To improve a scientific experiment design.
B．To present the differences between species.
C．To clarify how animals tell human faces apart.
D．To show animals can recognize human faces.
13．Why were the archerfish chosen as test subjects?
A．They are cleverer than other species. B．They have sharp vision and hearing.
C．They aren’t closely related to humans. D．They have a past history of identifying human faces.
14．What is the author’s attitude toward the study?
A．Cautious. B．Negative.
C．Consistent. D．Sympathetic.
15．Which of the following is suggested for similar studies in the future?
A．Including more test subjects. B．Enlarging the human faces.
C．Employing more male researchers. D．Using black-and-white pictures.
【答案】
12．D
13．C
14．A
15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能，鱼也能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的原因，以及试验过程。作者对这项研究持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中But a new study out from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it.可知但《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，这不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能。甚至鱼也能做到。结合文章说明了《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能，鱼也能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的原因，以及试验过程。作者对这项研究持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是表明动物可以识别人的脸。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and-birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex, the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey out of the sky.可知继研究不同物种识别人脸的能力后（羊、狗、牛、马、鸟都试过），牛津大学和昆士兰大学的研究人员决定选择一种没有进化的新皮层（大脑中处理视觉和声音的部分）、与人类关系不密切的动物。这样一来，这些测试对象就没有理由会有过去识别人脸的历史。所以他们选择了射水鱼，这是一种礁石鱼的品种，会向空中射水，把猎物打到天上去。由此可知，选择射水鱼作为实验对象是因为他们和人类关系不是很密切。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions.可知但是还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了8条鱼。此外，显示器上显示的面孔都是来自德国数据库的白色女性面孔，以正面视图显示，没有表情。其他的动物实验表明，一些物种，比如鸽子，对不同的角度和不同的表达有更多的反应。由此可推知，作者对这项研究持谨慎态度。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether.可知这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了8条鱼。由此可推知，文章建议今后开展类似的研究时，应注意“包括更多的测试对象”。故选A。
（2020届江西省南昌市高三二模）
We've all spent time in a hospital, whether through medical issues of our own or those of a loved one. And while we're used to seeing the doctors hurry in and out of the room, displaying varying degrees of attention, it's the constant and reliable presence of the nursing staff and their professionalism that gives the most confidence and relief to those in the room.
So, while doctors and surgeons tend to get most spotlight, nurses are really at the forefront of patient care. They are often called upon to make important, life-saving decisions multiple times a day and work closely with doctors to analyze records and test results to advise on treatment. It's the nurses that are frequently responsible for identifying a condition and matching the right specialist doctor to a patient, and it's the nurses that are often the first on the scene to treat people in an emergency.
A career in Nursing brings job security, a good wage, career mobility, and chance to decide your own career path. You can work part or full time according to your preference. You can be flexible on work location and specialism. If a particular area interests you, you can explore that as there will always be the need for quality nurses across the medical spectrum(医学光谱)with a passion for their work. Jobs in the field are in high demand, with significant opportunities to learn, grow and reach senior leadership positions. However, if you want to undertake a career in Nursing, a good education is compulsory.
The University of Texas at El Paso School of Nursing offers high quality and affordable undergraduate and graduate programs reinforced by talented faculty(全体教师), strong clinical partnerships and advanced simulation(模拟)technology. Students do gain much real experience before working in a hospital. Adelphi's College of Nursing and Public Health provides students with a top-rated, comprehensive education grounded in practice, theory and creativity. They are devoted to transforming students' lives through small classes with world-class faculty, hands-on learning and creative ways to support academic and career success. The Wayne State University College of Nursing, attaching special importance to first-hand experience, is dedicated to providing the highest quality education to a diverse population of graduate students. Graduates from the college are prepared to be nurse leaders in research, education and practice.
12．What can comfort patients most in the hospital?
A．Spending less time there.
B．Receiving concrete care from nurses.
C．Drawing little attention there.
D．Getting timely information from doctors.
13．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The content of different positions.
B．The process of patient care.
C．The importance of nursing work.
D．The contribution of doctors.
14．Which of the following can best describe the nurse professional?
A．Low-paid and secure.
B．Promising and significant.
C．Flexible and tiresome.
D．Demanding and dangerous.
15．What do colleges in the last paragraph have in common?
A．They charge high learning fees.
B．They offer small-class teaching.
C．They require basic nursing education.
D．They provide hands-on learning.
【答案】
12．B
13．C
14．B
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。护士的专业护理给病人带来最大的安慰，且配合医生参与很多重大救治，是很重要的职业。此外，目前社会对护士的需求量很大，因此它也是很有前景的职业。最后文章介绍了一些大学护理专业的特色。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的it's the constant and reliable presence of the nursing staff and their professionalism that gives the most confidence and relief to those in the room. (护士持续的、可靠的关注和他们的专业技能，给房间里的人最大的信心和安慰)可知，父母最大的安慰来自护士的细心照顾。B. Receiving concrete care from nurses.(受到护士具体和专业的照顾)符合以上说法，故选B项。
13．主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其第一句的So, while doctors and surgeons tend to get most spotlight, nurses are really at the forefront of patient care.(所以，虽然医生和外科医生往往最受关注，但护士确实是站在病人护理的最前沿)可知，本段主要讲述护士工作的重要性。C. The importance of nursing work.(护士工作的重要性)符合以上说法，故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段的They are often called upon to make important, life-saving decisions multiple times a day and work closely with doctors to analyze records and test results to advise on treatment.(他们经常被要求每天多次做出重要的、挽救生命的决定，并与医师密切合作，分析记录和测试结果，为治疗提供建议)和第三段的Jobs in the field are in high demand, with significant opportunities to learn, grow and reach senior leadership positions.(这个领域的工作需求量很大，有很多学习、成长和升到高级领导职位的机会)可推测，护士是一份非常重要且有前景的职业。B. Promising and significant.(有前景且十分重要)符合以上推测，故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的The University of Texas at El Paso School of Nursing …Students do gain much real experience…. Adelphi's College of Nursing and Public Health provides students …with world-class faculty, hands-on learning and creative ways to support academic and career success. The Wayne State University College of Nursing, attaching special importance to first-hand experience(德克萨斯大学艾尔帕索的护理学校会为学生提供很多的实际经验；阿德尔菲大学护理与公共卫生学院为学生提供一流的、基于实践、理论和创造力的综合教育；韦恩州立大学护理学院特别重视一手经验。)可知，这三个大学的共同之处是很重视实际操作，提供了实际操作的学习。D. They provide hands-on learning.(他们都提供了实际操作的学习)符合以上说法，故选D项。
（2020届辽宁省大连市高三第二次模拟）
Corn has been a significant part in American food since before European arrival. After the Civil War, grits (粗玉米粉), which is made out of corn, became a diet mainstay (支柱) because water-powered mills (磨坊) worked to grind dried corn. They were relatively inexpensive and could be eaten with almost anything, making it possible for everyone to enjoy.
Grits are usually cooked with water, cream and butter over the course of many hours. There can be varying types of grits from smooth to grainy. There are even instant grits for those without the hours to cook. Worth noting is that sugar is not typically added.
Grits can be served for breakfast, lunch and dinner, but they're commonly used as a base, usually topped with seafood and a delicious sauce. It's a dish eaten by everyone from sitting presidents to blue collar workers in a variety of ways, both in fine dining restaurants and oily spoons.
Shrimp and grits is the most well-known dish incorporating grits, especially in coastal areas like Charleston, South Carolina. It was originally a fisherman’s breakfast, a hearty meal before a long day of work, and today, it's found on menus throughout the nation.
Chefs have also become creative with the dish, adding modern elements to the traditional. Mashama Bailey has a foie gras (鹅肝酱) and grits dish at The Grey in Savannah, Georgia. Edward Lee has prepared it like the porridge his Korean parents cooked during his growing up, but uses Kentucky's Wiesenberger grits. Nathalie Dupree has made her career on the dish with her cookbook titled “Shrimp and Grits," while Virginia Willis has the appropriately titled “Grits”.
8．Why did grits become main food?
A．Because corm played a key role.
B．Because dried corn was extremely cheap.
C．Because the Civil War broke out.
D．Because water-powered mills turned up.
9．What can we learn about grits from Paragraph 3?
A．They are popular among all walks of life.
B．They are smooth to feel.
C．They are placed on top of other foods.
D．They are expensive to purchase.
10．What breakfast did South Carolina fishermen like?
A．Grits with shrimp. B．Grits with sugar.
C．Grits with butter. D．Grits with cream.
11．Why does the author mention Lee's parents?
A．To introduce Lee's upbringing experiences. B．To promote Lee's cooking techniques.
C．To explain a modern flavour of grits. D．To advertise a newly-published cookbook.
【答案】
8．D
9．A
10．A
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍粗玉米粉在人们饮食中是如何使用的，以及人们如何用它进行饮食创作。
8．细节理解题。由第一段的第二句“After the Civil War, grits (粗玉米粉), which is made out of corn, became a diet mainstay (支柱) because water-powered mills (磨坊) worked to grind dried corn.”可知，内战之后，由玉米制作而成的粗玉米粉，因为水力磨坊可以将干的玉米磨成粉状而成为饮食的支柱。由此可见，粗玉米粉成为主要的食物是因为水利磨坊的出现。结合选项可知，选项D正确。
9．推理判断题。由第三段的最后一句“It's a dish eaten by everyone from sitting presidents to blue collar workers in a variety of ways, both in fine dining restaurants and oily spoons.”可知，它是从现任总统到蓝领工人通过各种方式在美食餐厅和油腻的勺子里都可以吃到的食物。由此可见，粗玉米粉在各行各业中都很受欢迎。结合选项可知，选项A正确。
10．细节理解题。由第四段的第一句“Shrimp and grits is the most well-known dish incorporating grits, especially in coastal areas like Charleston, South Carolina.”和第二句“It was originally a fisherman’s breakfast, a hearty meal before a long day of work, and today, it's found on menus throughout the nation.”可知，鲜虾玉米粥是最出名的一道混合了粗玉米粉的菜，特别是在沿海地区，像南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿。它起源于一个渔民的早餐，在一天劳作之前的一顿丰盛食物，并且今天可以在全国的菜单上找到。由此可知，南卡罗莱纳州的渔民们喜欢的早餐是鲜虾玉米粥。结合选项可知，选项A正确。
11．推理判断题。由最后一段第一句“Chefs have also become creative with the dish, adding modern elements to the traditional.”和第三句“Edward Lee has prepared it like the porridge his Korean parents cooked during his growing up, but uses Kentucky's Wiesenberger grits.”可知，厨师们通过往传统菜中添加现代元素也使得这道菜富有创意。爱德华·李使用肯塔基州威辛保产的粗玉米粉将这道菜准备的像他小时候韩国父母煮的粥一样。由此可见，作者提及爱德华·李的父母是为了解释在他们传统的粥中添加的粗玉米粉的现代味道。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
（2020届辽宁省大连市高三第二次模拟）
You probably have a resume (个人简历) that you adjust from time to time, adding skills here or new titles there. It’s important to keep your resume updated to reflect your growing set of abilities and accomplishments. But it might come as a surprise to hear that The New York Times recommends writing a second resume. You list your failures, mistakes, and struggles along the way. By keeping track of your failures and reflecting on them in a way that’s constructive, you can learn from your mistakes and achieve more in the future.
Here’s how it works: In the format of your choice, make a list of your failures, whether it’s schools that rejected you, projects that failed, or goals you didn’t quite achieve. The key is not to dwell on these mistakes for hours, according to Melanie Stefan, a lecturer at Edinburgh Medical School who inspired several academics to create their own failure resumes a few years ago.
“If you dare and can afford to make it public, it will be six times as long as your normal resume. It will probably be totally discouraging at first sight,” Stefan wrote in an article that originally appeared in the journal Nature.
“But it will remind you of the missing truths, some of the essential parts of what it means to be a scientist and it might inspire a colleague to shake off a rejection and start again.”
Scientists aren’t the only ones who can benefit from reflecting on their mistakes. J.K. Rowling, for instance, is one of the many wildly successful people who has spoken publicly about her failures. And researchers at Columbia University announced last year that they planned to interview Nobel winners about their own failures in an attempt to better understand how personal and professional losses can promote learning.
12．What can be found in the failure resume?
A．Skills and new titles. B．Abilities and achievements.
C．Goals and academic results. D．Failures, mistakes and struggles.
13．What does the underlined phrase “dwell on” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Thoroughly forget. B．Always think about.
C．Completely avoid. D．Repeatedly correct.
14．Why did researchers at Columbia University plan to interview Nobel winners?
A．To make the “failure resume” public. B．To remind people of the missing truths.
C．To show how failures can improve learning. D．To inspire more people to start all over again.
15．What is Stefan’s attitude to the “failure resume”?
A．Doubtful. B．Approving.
C．Negative. D．Tolerant.
【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．C
15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在个人简历中更新中加入失败、错误和一直以来的努力会让你从错误中吸取教训，并在未来取得更大的成就。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段But it might come as a surprise to hear that The New York Times recommends writing a second resume. You list your failures, mistakes, and struggles along the way. 可知，但是听到纽约时报建议再写一份简历，可能会让你大吃一惊。你列出你的失败，错误，和一直以来的努力。由此可知，在这份新的简历里面会看到自己的失败，错误和一直以来的努力。选项D符合题意。故选D项。
13．词句猜测题。根据关键词定位到文章的第二段第二句：The key is not to dwell on these mistakes for hours, according to Melanie Stefan, a lecturer at Edinburgh Medical School who inspired several academics to create their own failure resumes a few years ago.可知，爱丁堡医学院讲师梅兰妮·斯蒂芬说，关键是不要在几个小时内dwell on这些错误，几年前，她鼓舞了几位学者创造了他们自己的失败履历。结合本段第一句In the format of your choice, make a list of your failures, whether it’s schools that rejected you, projects that failed, or goals you didn’t quite achieve.可知，在你选择的格式中，列出你的失败，不管是学校拒绝了你，项目失败了，还是你没有完全实现的目标。由此可知，在写失败的简历时，要列出自己的失误，但不要总是念念不忘。选项B符合题意。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据关键词定位文章第五段第二句And researchers at Columbia University announced last year that they planned to interview Nobel winners about their own failures in an attempt to better understand how personal and professional losses can promote learning.可知，哥伦比亚大学的研究人员去年宣布，他们计划对诺贝尔奖获得者就他们自己的失败采访，以更好地了解个人和职业损失如何促进学习。由此可知，了解失败可以促进学习。选项C符合题意。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段中Stefan说的But it will remind you of the missing truths, some of the essential parts of what it means to be a scientist and it might inspire a colleague to shake off a rejection and start again.(但它会让你想起那些遗漏的真理，一些对于一名科学家意味着什么的重要部分，它可能会激励你的同事摆脱拒绝，重新开始)可推知，Stefan对于简历中陈述失误的立场是赞同的，是肯定的。选项B符合题意。故选B项。
（2020届山西省晋中市高三一模）
Festivals are about fun in large helpings(一份食物), and science festivals should be no exception There should be plenty of it at the second Edinburgh Science Festival, which runs from 2 April to 16 April, But there really does seem to be something to cater for all tastes in the impressive listing of more than 300 events.
For starters, what about a tour of tropical crops in the Botanical Gardens- tastes and smells included? You can follow that up with a course of lectures and tastings of Italian food and wine given by the finest Italian delicatessen(熟食) in the country. No trip to Scotland would be complete without a trip to a distillery(酿酒厂) to see how the" water of life" is made.
Besides food and drink "practicals", you can try something in the medicine section.There are also plenty of events designed for kids, such as the Discovery Dome and the "hands on"science tent. OK,you might say, but where is the high-tech physics, the computer science and the space technology? Well, it is all in Edinburgh, but room is unavailable here to list the entire programme: including the daily diary and A map of venues. It covers 20 pages! There is also a host of specialist conferences on a range of topics including statistics, computing and urban planning. The idea seems to be to make Edinburgh a focus of science at all levels during the festival.
The programme of the festival is well arranged and subdivided, making it easy to pick out interesting events to suit your tastes, whatever they may be. Venues and the target audience (children, adults or specialists)are all clearly coded and the maps posted along the road should make it easy to get around.
4．What do we know about the second Edinburgh Science Festival?
A．It lasts for 14 days. B．It includes 300 events.
C．It has much fun about food. D．It is the largest festival in Edinburgh.
5．What does the author strongly recommend for a trip to Scotland?
A．Tasting the delicious local food. B．Visiting the famous Botanical Gardens.
C．visiting a factory where the wine is made. D．Seeing how the drinking water is made.
6．Why can't we find information about the entire high-tech programme?
A．The information is too much to list
B．There are more important events.
C．The visitors are not interested in it.
D．The information concerned has appeared in the poster.
7．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．The events suit all the tastes.
B．It is convenient for tourists to visit the festival.
C．Tourists have to buy a map for the festival.
D．The target audience are restricted to certain events.
【答案】
4．C
5．C
6．A
7．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了第二届爱丁堡科学节的相关信息。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Festivals are about fun in large helpings(一份食物), and science festivals should be no exception There should be plenty of it at the second Edinburgh Science Festival”可知，节日充满了关于食物的乐趣，科学节也不例外，在第二届爱丁堡科学节上应该有很多这样的关于食物的乐趣。所以第二届爱丁堡科学节上有很多关于食物的乐趣。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“ No trip to Scotland would be complete without a trip to a distillery(酿酒厂) to see how the" water of life" is made.”可知，没有去酿酒厂看看“生命之水”是如何制造的，去苏格兰的旅行就是不完整的。所以作者强烈建议去苏格兰旅行去参观生产酒的工厂。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“but room is unavailable here to list the entire programme”可知，但这里没有空间列出整个项目。所以为什么我们找不到关于整个高科技计划的信息是因为信息太多了，无法一一列举。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The programme of the festival is well arranged and subdivided, making it easy to pick out interesting events to suit your tastes, whatever they may be. Venues and the target audience (children, adults or specialists)are all clearly coded and the maps posted along the road should make it easy to get around.”可知，节日的日程安排得很好，也很细致，很容易挑选出适合自己口味的有趣的活动，不管它们是什么。场地和目标观众(儿童、成人或专业人士)都有清晰的编码，路边张贴的地图应该让人们更容易参观。所以最后一段告诉我们，游客在节日期间的参观是很方便的。故选B项。
（2020届山西省晋中市高三一模）
If we planted a lot more trees in just the right places, they could reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere to levels not seen since the 1920s, said study leader Jean Francois Bastin, an ecologist from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. After examining more than 70,000 high-quality satellite photos of trees from all over the planet, ecologists concluded that the earth could support 900 million additional hectares (公顷) of tree cover.
Bastin and his colleagues developed a computer program that estimates how much forested land could be restored both now and in a future warmer world. The team members combed through 78,774 satellite photos of a variety of ecosystems- everywhere from the thick Amazon rainforest to the dry Sahel in Africa-that had been protected from human influence. They counted every tree in every photo to assess the current tree coverage in natural environments. The researchers combined that information with data about the climate, temperature and soil conditions for each ecosystem. Then they taught their program to put it all together to determine how much tree coverage a particular area could support.
The result shows trees currently cover 2.8 billion hectares of land- but they have the potential to populate as much as 4.4 billion hectares. Right now, much of the additional 1.6 billion hectares is being used for agriculture or urban spaces. The researchers took those areas off the table and saw that the earth still has 900 million hectares ready and waiting to be restored with trees an area roughly the size of Brazil. When those trees mature, they could remove 205 gigatonnes (兆吨) of carbon from the atmosphere, the study calculated, That represents about two-thirds of the roughly 300 gigatonnes of atmospheric carbon that can be traced to human actions, they said.
Even if trees are planted in the most mindful way, other actions are still needed to fight climate change, Bastin said.
8．Why did Bastin develop a computer program?
A．To reduce air pollution in Africa.
B．To determine carbon dioxide in the air.
C．To assess the potential forested land.
D．To calculate the area of forest in the world.
9．What does the underlined phrase “combed through” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Looked into. B．Put away.
C．Brought back. D．Took in.
10．What can we infer from what Basin said in the last paragraph?
A．Brazil has large areas to plant trees.
B．The tree cover is not enough to control greenhouse gases.
C．Trees removed two-thirds of carbon in the atmosphere.
D．Other actions are equally important compared to planting trees.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards the research result?
A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful.
C．Supportive. D．Objective.
【答案】
8．C
9．A
10．D
11．D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。瑞士联邦理工学院的生态学家Bastin和他的团队在检查了来自地球各地的7万多张高质量的树木卫星照片后得出结论：地球可以再支持9亿公顷的树木覆盖。如果我们在适当的地方种植更多的树木，就可以将大气中的碳含量降低到20世纪20年代以来从未见过的水平。文章对该研究和研究结论进行了说明。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Bastin and his colleagues developed a computer program that estimates how much forested land could be restored both now and in a future warmer world.可知，Bastin和他的同事开发了一种计算机程序，该程序可以估计在现在和未来变暖的世界中可以恢复多少林地。C选项（评估潜在的林地）表达此意，故选C。
9．词句猜测题。根据下文中的They counted every tree in every photo to assess the current tree coverage in natural environments.可知，科学家们他们计算了每张照片中的每棵树，以评估自然环境中树木的覆盖率。由此推知，科学家们首先是对这些照片进行“梳理，研究”，然后再进行计算。且该语境和第一段中的第三行中的“examining more than 70,000 high-quality satellite photos of trees”一致，因此划线词组和examine的意思相近。故划线词组的意思应为“梳理，研究，检查”之类的意思。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段Even if trees are planted in the most mindful way, other actions are still needed to fight climate change, Bastin said.可知，Basin认为即使以最谨慎的方式种植树木，仍然需要采取其他行动来应对气候变化。由此推知，其他行动和种树一样重要。故选D。
11．推理判断题。文章中作者只是对该研究结果进行了客观陈述，并未表达个人看法。由此可知，作者对该研究结果的态度是“客观的”。故选D。
（2020届山西省晋中市高三一模）
Guilt is one of the most painful emotions that humans experience but also one of the most common .Nobody enjoys feeling guilty, but this emotion serves an important purpose: it alerts (使警觉)a person when he or she has done something wrong. This enables the person to compensate and work to heal relationships that were damaged by their actions. It can also motivate people to avoid making similar mistakes later.
Nevertheless, guilt can be destructive if it is not dealt with in the right way. It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inaction. Some try to avoid the pain of guilt by turning to other worse habits. Others try to cover up their guilt by blaming others or becoming angry.
What makes it more complicated is that sometimes people feel guilty about things that happen out of their control. One example of this is survivors’ guilt. People who survive a disaster feel guilty because they escaped death when others didn’t. Otherwise, some people may experience false guilt because of excessively high expectations for themselves that they cannot live up to.
The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you’re dealing with. For false guilt, it’s important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical (道德的)failure. For example, some false guilt focuses on failing to meet expectations you had for yourself. In this case, it’s important to remind yourself that you have limits. No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits in actually a sign of humility(谦虚).
It’s possible that you feel guilty because you actually did something wrong-or didn’t do something you should have. If so, don’t try to hide it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Making up with the person you hurt should make your guilty feelings fade.
Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well.
12．What is the function of feeling guilty according to Paragraph 1?
A．It can prevent people from making mistakes.
B．It can perfect the damaged relationship.
C．It can warn people of their mistakes.
D．It can make people refreshed.
13．Why do some people experience false guilt?
A．The situation was beyond their reach. B．They want to prove their kindness.
C．They can’t face up to a disaster. D．They are ethical failures.
14．When you do something wrong, you should .
A．remind yourself that no one is perfect B．cover up your guilt in your mind
C．make your guilty feeling fade naturally D．admit your mistake and make up for
15．What’s the best title for the text?
A．A Common Painful Emotion B．The Positive Use of Guilt
C．Different Kinds of Guilt D．How to Deal with False Guilt
【答案】
12．C
13．A
14．D
15．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了对于内疚的正确认识及其积极利用。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It alerts (使警觉)a person when he or she has done something wrong. ”可知，内疚感会提醒人们做错了事。即C项（它可以警告人们犯了错误。）是正确的。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“some people may experience false guilt because of excessively high expectations for themselves that they cannot live up to.”可知，某些人可能会因过高的期望无法实现而产生的错误的内疚感。即有些人会产生这种内疚感是因为情况超出了他们的能力范围。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段“It’s possible that you feel guilty because you actually did something wrong-or didn’t do something you should have. If so, don’t try to hide it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Making up with the person you hurt should make your guilty feelings fade.”可知，你可能会因为自己实际上做错了或没有做应做的事情而感到内疚。如果是这样的话，请不要隐藏。向对方道歉并请求原谅。从错误中吸取教训，并尝试避免再次犯同样的错误。与受伤的人和好应该会使你的内疚感消失。即人们在做错事时，应该承认错误并做出弥补。故选D。
15．标题判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well.”内疚是痛苦的，但如果你好好利用它，它可以起到很好的作用。所以本文主要论述了对于内疚的正确认识及其积极利用,故B项“内疚的积极作用”作为标题最为合适。A项“一种普遍的痛苦情绪”属于主题扩大，超出了文章真正表达的内容。C项“内疚的不同类型”属于以偏概全，这只是文章的部分信息。D项“如何处理虚假内疚”属于以偏概全，这只是文章的局部内容。故选B。
（2020届山西省太原市高三二模）
Some psychologists say that community art — art made to be displayed free of charge in a particular community — can make a big difference.
Unlike the random graffiti （涂鸦）that many people consider an eyesore, community art can bring people together and encourage respect. In the U.S. city of Philadelphia, for example, psychologists are doing a citywide project where mental health patients work with average people to paint murals（壁画）. The aim of this project is to reduce the mental illness and promote a new dialogue about people who struggle with these issues.
Art also makes neighborhoods more attractive and has a unique ability to open people up. Neighbors can share comments with one another about a recently painted mural, which can challenge their prejudices and open their eyes to the world.
Businesses can also be promoted by community art. In Fort Smith, a town in the U.S. state of Arkansas, artists from around the globe came together to paint murals. One of the goals of the project was to expand the town's cultural offerings in order to attract more visitors. Not only locals but also tourists were drawn to see the murals. The money they spent while visiting the town benefited local businesses.
Generous financial support is provided for community art projects in many cities and towns. In the UK, the Arts Council England has invested nearly half a million dollars in community art. Some of it, for example, has paid for a new exhibition space created inside an old mill in the town of Brierfield. In the U.S., an organization called the Knight Foundation has invested millions of dollars in community projects, including many that focus on art.
4．What is the purpose of the community art project in Philadelphia?
A．To replace random graffiti.
B．To deal with the issues about mental illnesses.
C．To promote dialogues about art issues.
D．To encourage respect for psychologists and fine arts.
5．How does community art open people up?
A．By changing people' s views on prejudices.
B．By giving new life to traditional murals.
C．By providing a subject for conversation.
D．By making neighborhoods more attractive.
6．What does the text indicate about towns like Fort Smith?
A．They can profit from art economically.
B．They provide inexpensive courses in art.
C．They've placed some restrictions on art.
D．They borrow art from other communities.
7．What do we know about the community art in the UK?
A．It is limited to rich communities.
B．It has the support of the government.
C．It started from a mill in Brierfield.
D．It is paid for by the Knight Foundation.
【答案】
4．B
5．C
6．A
7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一些心理学家说，社区艺术——在特定社区免费展示的艺术——可以产生很大的不同：社区艺术可以把人们团结在一起，可以打开人们的心扉，还可以促进企业的发展。在英国，社区艺术得到了政府的支持。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The aim of this project is to reduce the mental illness and promote a new dialogue about people who struggle with these issues.”可知这个项目的目标是减少精神疾病，并促进一个新的关于和精神疾病做斗争的人们的对话。选B项、
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Art also makes neighborhoods more attractive and has a unique ability to open people up. Neighbors can share comments with one another about a recently painted mural, which can challenge their prejudices and open their eyes to the world.”可知艺术还能让社区更有吸引力，并且有一种独特的能力让人们敞开心扉。邻居们可以互相分享对一幅最近绘制的壁画的看法，这幅壁画可以挑战他们的偏见，开阔他们的眼界。也就是社区通过提供一个共同话题来帮助人们打开心扉。选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据“ In Fort Smith, a...The money they spent while visiting the town benefited local businesses.”在美国阿肯色州的史密斯堡镇，来自世界各地的艺术家们聚集在一起绘制壁画。该项目的目标之一是扩大该镇的文化服务，以吸引更多的游客。当地人和游客都被吸引去看这些壁画。他们游玩该镇所花的钱使当地的企业受益。文章通过举这个小镇的例子表明了这些小镇可以通过艺术获得经济上的利益。选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Generous financial support is provided for community art projects in many cities and towns. In the UK, the Arts Council England has invested nearly half a million dollars in community art. ”可知许多城镇为社区艺术项目提供了慷慨的财政支持。在英国，英国艺术委员会已经为社区艺术投资了近50万美元。由此可知英国的社区艺术得到了政府的支持。选B项。
（2020届山西省运城市高三调研）
It is fashionable today to criticize Big Business, and there is one issue on which the many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers) , or that they control others’ pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.
It is true that CEO pay has gone up---top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation-from the 350 largest such companies-now makes about $18.9 million a year.
While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so trapped in corruption (腐败). In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in line with the value of those companies on the stock market.
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of Americans highest-earning 1 % have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.
It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U. S. economy.
Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “run the company.” CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can cause a bad consequence. Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly incredible.
There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT- intensive areas such as genome sequencing (基因组序列). Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars ； you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI (计算机生成图像) products for cartoon movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.
On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done- which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world’s most powerful creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.
12．Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
A．The growth in the number of cooperation
B．The general pay rise with a better economy
C．Increased business opportunities for top firms
D．Close cooperation among leading economics
13．Compared with their predecessors, today’s CEOs are required to ________.
A．foster a stronger sense of teamwork
B．finance more research and development
C．establish closer ties with tech companies
D．operate more globalized companies
14．The meaning of the underlined word “slipup” (line 5, paragraph 4) is close to ________.
A．operation B．success
C．mistake D．promotion
15．The most suitable title for this text would be ________.
A．CEOs Are Not Overpaid B．CEO Pay: Past and Present
C．CEOs’ Challenges of Today D．CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
【答案】
12．C
13．D
14．C
15．A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章分析了CEO的薪酬高的原因和如今面临的挑战，说明CEO高工资是合乎情理的。
12．细节理解题。根据第四段的The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.(然而，了解CEO薪酬增长的最佳模式是，在一个顶级公司的商业机会正在迅速增长的世界中，CEO人才有限。) 可知，增加了顶级公司的商业机会，促进了CEO薪酬的增加。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第六段的Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly incredible.(还有一个事实是，美国的大公司比以往任何时候都更加全球化，供应链遍布更多的国家。领导这个系统需要相当不可思议的知识。)可推断，今天的CEO需要经营更多的全球化公司。故选D。
14．词句猜测题。根据上文They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors(他们还需要比他们的前任更好的公共关系技能)，结合as引导原因状语从句，说明主句的原因可推断，划线句表达的意思是： 因为即使是轻微失误的代价也会造成不良后果。故划线词与mistakes意思一致。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段提出CEO薪酬高是热门话题，二到五段分析了CEO高薪酬的原因，说明首席执行官薪酬的决定因素并不那么神秘，也不那么陷入腐败。 事实上，整体CEO的薪酬几乎符合这些公司在股票市场上的价值；六到八段分析了今天的CEO面临的挑战，因此推断文章主要讲述首席执行官的薪酬是合理的。故A项“CEO没有被给予过高的薪酬”为最佳标题。故选A。
（2020届四川省成都七中高三三诊）
SALISBURY
Summer School
2020 TRAVEL FORM
Please complete and return
Student’s Name:________ Cell number: ________
Travel Plans: Please specify the means of traveling to and from the school.
Students traveling with parents by car should plan to arrive on Sunday, July 1 and depart Salisbury School on Saturday, August 4, the next day after Progress Day. Please indicate:
Students will be arriving and departing with parents.
Students will be traveling by train or bus to/from the school.
New York City — via Train:
(Metro-North Railroad — Harlem Line: Wassaic Station & Grand Central Station)
The Wassaic Station is the closest to the school — approximately 10 miles. Contact information: 845473-8424 or http:// www.mta.info/mnr.
Bus Line from NYC:
The Bonanza bus stop in Canaan, CT is approximately 5 miles from the school. Schedules can be accessed at http://www.bonanza-bus.transit-info.com.
Local Taxi Services:
Lakeville Taxi 860-435-8000 and 800-675-0670
Airport Pickup, Saturday, June 30
Please note: My child will travel to JFK Airport (New York City) where a Salisbury representative will pick students up.
The shuttle (班车) will leave from JFK at 6 o’clock in the afternoon for the return to Salisbury. Please provide all flight information in the space below including the cell phone contact number for your child. We will provide the cell phone number of the representative later. This is the preferred arrival date for all students from home and abroad traveling through JFK, which can be guaranteed by taking the airplane.
Airline & Flight # :_________ NYC Arrival time:_________
Please note: My child will depart on August 4 by shuttle through JFK.
Depending on flight times, students may experience a long wait for their flight departures. Airline & Flight # :_________ Departure time:_________
1．What day is Progress Day?
A．Thursday. B．Friday.
C．Saturday. D．Sunday.
2．What should students keep in mind to take the shuttle on June 30?
A．Booking a bus ticket in advance. B．Arriving before 6 pm.
C．Waiting for a long time in the airport. D．Choosing a Salisbury representative.
3．Whom is this form mainly intended for?
A．The students’ parents. B．Teachers of the school.
C．The driver of the shuttle. D．Home and foreign students.
【答案】
1．B
2．B
3．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。这是一个暑期学校面向学生家长推出的一个表格，要求完善相关信息，并交回校，包括：学生到校及离校乘坐的交通工具、时间、家长是否陪同等。
1．细节理解题。根据第三、四行Students traveling with parents by car should plan to arrive on Sunday, July 1 and depart Salisbury School on Saturday, August 4, the next day after Progress Day.可知，开车旅行的学生和家长应该计划在星期天（7月1号）到达，周六（8月4号）离开索尔兹伯里学校，即Progress Day的第二天。由此可知，Progress Day是星期五。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Airport Pickup, Saturday, June 30部分的The shuttle (班车) will leave from JFK at 6 o’clock in the afternoon for the return to Salisbury. 可知，校车会在下午6点从肯尼迪机场出发返回索尔兹伯里。因此，6月30号乘校车的学生要记住在6点以前到达坐车地点。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据Airport Pickup, Saturday, June 30部分的Please note: My child will travel to JFK Airport (New York City) where a Salisbury representative will pick students up.可知，请注意，我的孩子将前往肯尼迪机场，索尔兹伯里的一名代表将在那里接学生。根据倒数第三行Please note: My child will depart on August 4 by shuttle through JFK.可知，请注意：我的孩子将于8月4日乘校车离开肯尼迪机场。根据倒数第五行“Please provide all flight information in the space below including the cell phone contact number for your child. 请在下方空白处提供所有航班信息，包括您孩子的手机联系号码。”从这些表达可以以判断出，这个表格是为学生的父母设计的。故选A。
（2020届四川省成都七中高三三诊）
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things，they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground，hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza． Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one，thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer！
About a year ago，NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor， a 3-D technology expert，to build a device（设备）that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand． The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked， tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens．
Late last year， the engineer presented a video of his first prototype（原型）that begins by creating a single slice of dough（面团）that is cooked and printed at the same time．Then comes the tomato “sauce” — a mix of tomato powder，oil and water and finally，a protein slice that resembles cheese．While the video doesn’t show the baking process，the inventor says that once the pizza is printed，it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds．
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover，Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts．That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years．Though that may sound unrealistic，actually it is not．
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced to the powder form．This，as you can imagine，will not be so easy．But，while the printer may not be ready for space，it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth．Hopefully，NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars！
8．Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do？
A．To ask us not to take common things for granted．
B．To show they live a difficult life there．
C．To show their life is boring in space．
D．To introduce the topic of the text．
9．NASA offered $ 125，000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to _______．
A．create some new type of 3-D printer
B．attract more companies to work for NASA
C．help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D．produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
10．The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that _______．
A．he has no money left to go on with his research
B．the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C．he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D．he cannot make the food container last for decades
11．What’s the best title of the passage？
A．NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B．Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C．NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D．A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
【答案】
8．D
9．C
10．D
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。宇航员在太空时，也会有食物的需求。最新的研究表示，3D打印技术有望让宇航员们在太空吃上披萨。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things，they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground，hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza． Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one，thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer！可知，当宇航员在太空中做许多令人兴奋的事情时，他们错过了一些我们都认为理所当然的普通事情——能够在坚实的地面上行走，与家人一起闲逛，吃一块热气腾腾的披萨。虽然前两件事还不能做太多，但第三件事可能很快就会有解决方案，多亏了这台酷酷的3-D披萨打印机!。文章是介绍一项可以为宇航员提供“打印披萨”的技术可能性，故判断出，为什么作者提到宇航员在太空中不能做的事情是为了引出主题。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“About a year ago，NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor，a 3-D technology expert，to build a device（设备）that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand．”可知，大约一年前，美国宇航局出价12.5万美元给Anjan承包商，一个3d技术专家，来建造一个可以让宇航员按需制作披萨的设备。所以美国宇航局提供的125，000美元是为了开发出向宇航员们提供新鲜披萨的技术。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years．”可知，这是因为他仍然需要找到一个解决方案，使打印机中的食物容器能够使用30年。所以Anjan承包商现在面临的最大挑战可能是他无法使食品容器持续几十年。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，宇航员在太空时，也会有食物的需求。最新的研究表示，3D打印技术有望让宇航员们在太空吃上披萨，因此在将来宇航员们也许能吃上热气腾腾的披萨哦。所以短文的最佳标题为“ 宇航员可能很快就能享受到热气腾腾的披萨了”。故选B。
（2020届四川省成都七中高三三诊）
Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing —the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.

Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble?
Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.
Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noticeable reaction.
Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.
But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”, Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded”.
However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.
For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.
12．What can we learn about viruses from the text?
A．Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold.
B．Viruses are really small living organisms.
C．Viruses can’t reproduce unless they find a host cell.
D．Viruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair.
13．Which of the following might explain the origin of viruses?
A．They evolved from the fossils of large organisms.
B．They evolved from parasites into independent organisms.
C．They evolved from the T-cells in animals.
D．They evolved along with their host cells.
14．The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A．reasonable B．common
C．creative D．unbelievable
15．What can we conclude from the text?
A．Viruses live longer in human host cells than in animals’.
B．Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.
C．It may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses.
D．The author is optimistic about future virus research.
【答案】
12．C
13．D
14．A
15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于COVID-19新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播途径、病毒起源的研究情况。研究表明病毒自身无法传播，是通过宿主细胞来感染的；目前关于病毒起源的解释有三种主要的假说，但都还处于理论阶段。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over. （ 与人类细胞或细菌不同，它们不能自己繁殖。 相反，它们侵入生物体的细胞来繁殖、传播和接管）”可知，病毒自身不能繁殖，只有找到宿主细胞才能繁殖。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。第七段是关于病毒起源的三种假说。其中第三种假说是“Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.”可知，研究认为病毒与宿主细胞共同进化，并且与这些细胞共存。故选D项。
14．词句猜测题。第七段中提到“there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.”，以及第八段中“these are only theories”。可知，关于病毒的起源，现在都只是处于理论阶段。现在的技术和数据对于病毒的起源还无法作出“合理的”解释。因此可以猜测plausible意思为“合理的”。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.（后续的研究可能会给我们提供更清晰的答案。 或者未来的研究可能表明，答案甚至比现在看起来的还要含糊不清的。）”可以推断，要找到病毒的起源还需要很长一段时间。故选C项。