高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists教学课件ppt

1．contradict vt.与……发生矛盾，与……抵触→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的

2．infect vt.使感染；传染→infection n．感染；传染

3．prove vt. 证明；检验→proof n．证据；证明；检验

4．intervene vi.干涉；干预→intervention n．介入；出面；干涉

1．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任  n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 adj.可疑的；不可信的

①I suspect (that) you once thought otherwise. vt.怀疑

②Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing. n.犯罪嫌疑人

③His reason for being absent is suspect. adj.可疑的

2．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责  n．责备；指责

①He bears the blame of his brother. n.责备；指责

②You can hardly blame Peter for being angry with her. 

 vt.责怪；指责

③Whenever something goes wrong，everyone blames it on me.

 vt.把……归咎于

3．handle n．把手；拉手；柄  vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)

①You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.

 n.把手；拉手

②A label on the crate read：“Handle with care”．vt.处理；搬动

③Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.

 vt.操纵；使用

4．link n．联系；纽带  vt.把……连接起来；相关联

①The road links all the new towns. vt.把……连接起来

②Scientists have established possible links between cancer and diet. n.联系

③The two countries have successfully solved the boundary issue，which now has become a link of friendship between the two peoples.

 n.纽带

5．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量  vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低

①The population began to decrease. vi.减少；减小；降低

②They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15.

 vt.减少；减小；降低

③There has been some decrease in imports. n.减少；降低

Words and Phrases

　once and for all最终地；彻底地

(教材P2)　However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.

然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。

[例1]　He will explain it fully once and for all.

他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。

[例2]　The teacher has warned the student once and for all.

那位老师已断然警告那名学生了。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①We have to resolve this matter once and for all.

②All at once there was someone knocking on the door.

③He was punished once and again for telling lies.

④I'm warning you once and for all，if you don't stop disturbing me，you'll be regretful.

我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。

　subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)

(教材P2)　Snow subscribed to the second theory.

斯诺赞同第二种理论。

[例1]　He subscribed for 1，000 shares.

他认购了一千股。

[例2]　I subscribed to that magazine.It is put out every week.

我订阅了那本杂志。它是周刊。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①In order to improve his daughter's English，he subscribed to English Weekly.

②He subscribed his name to the contract.

③If you subscribe to the newspaper，it'll be delivered to your door.

如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。

④I heartily subscribe to that view．

我十分赞同那个观点。

[小片段填空]

We applied for ① subscribing to some magazines useful for our work.The department manager ②subscribed to it and ③subscribed his name to the application form.

我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志，部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签上了他的名字。

　(教材P2)　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame．

斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。

(1)suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任  n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象

[例1]　I suspect him to know everything about that.

我猜想那件事他全都知道了。

[例2]　She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.

她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①I suspect him to be(be) a pickpocket.

②I suspected the girl of lying (lie) to us.

③The police suspect him of having stolen the money．

警察怀疑钱是他偷的。

[小片段填空]

①The first suspect was the victim's son.The police ②suspected him of murdering his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them fighting on the night of the killing.

第一个嫌疑犯是死者的儿子。警察怀疑他谋杀了他的父亲，因为邻居们在案发当晚曾听到他们打架。

(2)blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责   n．责备；指责

[例1]　They placed the blame on the doctor.

他们把责任归咎于医生。

[例2]　He tried to escape blame for what he had done.

他试图不为自己的行为负责。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译

①If that happens，the coach will take the blame for it.

②You are not to blame (blame)．I can't put the blame on you.

③You shouldn't blame John for the failure.

＝You shouldn't blame the failure on John.

你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。

　link n. 联系；纽带  vt.把……连接起来；相关联

(教材P3)　Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.

此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。

[例1]　The two companies have linked.

这两家公司已联合了。

[例2]　The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.

新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①The new tunnel links Britain to/with France.

②The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.

③The country is linked (link) to the town by a new bridge.

④The new company linked up with several older ones in self­protection.

那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。

　decrease n．减少；降低；减少量  vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低

(教材P3)　Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.

在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。

[例1]　The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.

销售量差不多减少了20%。

[例2]　His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这个科目的兴趣在逐渐减退。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①There is a decrease of nearly 7% in the number of visitors to the museum.

②The accidents have decreased by 20% since the measure was taken.

③Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is on the decrease.

④There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.

自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。

[名师点津]

decrease的反义词increase的用法

increase to　　　　　 增加(长)到……

increase by   增加(长)了……

on the increase   在增加

　thanks to 幸亏；由于

(教材P3)　Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.

幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。

[例1]　Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.

多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。

[例2]　Thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.

由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①As a result of the bad weather，the football match was put off.

②The accident was due to his careless driving.

③Owing to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time.

④Thanks to your help，we were successful.

多亏你的帮助，我们成功了。

　transform vt.使改观；使改变形态  vi.改变；转变

(教材P3)　Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.

此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。

[例1]　He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first­class player.

他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。

[例2]　Things cannot be transformed overnight.

事情不可能在一夜之间改变。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①We must work hard so as to transform China into an advanced industrial country.

②A complete change of climate transformed the area from farmland to desert.

③We are living in a time of social transformation (transform)．

④A steam engine transforms heat into power．

蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。

Sentence Patterns

　“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构

(教材P2)　As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．

作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。

句式分析：句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。

[例1]　No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.

没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。

[例2]　I don't quite know what to say in answer to your question.

我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。

[即学即练]　句型转换

①The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment.

→The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment．

②The problem is where to put this computer.

→The problem is where we should put this computer．

③I have no idea what I can say about this.

→I have no idea what to say about this．

④When we will start has not been decided.

→When to start has not been decided.

　so...that...引导结果状语从句

(教材P2)　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.

他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。

句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。

[例1]　He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.

他接受了她的邀请真是太傻了。

[例2]　They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them.

他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。

[即学即练]　完成句子/句型转换

①It is so good a film that I'd like to see it a second time.

这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。

②She works so hard that we all respect her.

她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。

③She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.

→She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.

④It is such a heavy box that I can't lift it.

→It is so heavy a box that I can't lift it.

[名师点津]

(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。

There was so little time left that we must hurry.

时间不多了，我们要快一点。

They are such little children that they can't understand it.

他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。

(2)在“so...that...”和“such...that...”结构中，当“so/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用全部倒装。

So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.

＝Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.

天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。

1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.

[分析]　本句为复合句，until引导时间状语从句，其中how it could be overcome为how引导的宾语从句。

[译文]　霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。

2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.

[分析]　本句为复合句，动词discovered 后是that引导的宾语从句，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。

[译文]　他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely (severe) punished today.

2．Many companies have subscribed (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.

3．Only a third of these households (household) thought it reasonable to meter water.

4．I think he suspected us of some improper purposes.

5．This information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame (blame)．

6．There are thirty microscopes (microscope) in our chemical laboratory.

7．They have gathered the best statistics (statistic) they can find and run them through their own computers.

8．The news is so important that I must tell it to my friends.

9．A cheap table can be transformed (transform) by an interesting cover.

10．You should know when to stop (stop) asking questions.

Ⅱ.短语填空

take the blame for；thanks to；once and for all；on the decrease；subscribe to；link up

1．Thanks to the spread of modern technology，trained workers are now more vital than ever.

2．The demand for tea is on the decrease each year.

3．The two families linked up through the marriage of their daughter and son.

4．It is not a theory that is commonly subscribed to．

5．Let's get this problem right once and for all．

6．The company was ready to take the blame for what had happened.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

In the early 19th century, 1.when a severe cholera hit Europe，John Snow became 2.frustrated(frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 3. But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera 4.was caused(cause) by an 5.infection(infect) from germs in food or water. Snow began by 6.marking(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. As 7.a result，John Snow was able to announce that the water from the pump 8.carried(carry) cholera germs. 9.Accordingly(according)，he had the handle of the pump 10.removed(remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.