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高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first公开课课件ppt
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first公开课课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Reflection等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Develping ideas
Lk at the questins abut “green living” and tick yur answers.1 Which shpping bag is mre envirnmentally friendly?□ A plastic bag. □ A paper bag. □ Neither f these.2 What shuld yu d t save energy when leaving yur hme?□ Turn ff a device. □ Unplug a device. □ Neither f these.3 What fd is better fr the envirnment?□ Fd prduced near t where yu live.□ Fd prduced far frm where yu live. □ It depends.4 Which uses less water?□ Taking a bath. □ Taking a shwer. □ It depends.Nw wrk in grups and see if ther peple share yur ideas.
Read the fur subheadings in the passage and decide if they are true r false. Then read the passage and check yur answers.
What’s really green?Mst f us are aware that we must take care f the envirnment，and the majrity f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin. But recently，sme “green truths” have been shwn t be nly half true，r even cmpletely false. Here are sme cmmn nes. Which are really green??Paper shpping bags are better than plastic nes.Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger t wild animals，which mistake them fr fd. It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn，but much less time fr paper. Because f this，peple think paper bags are the better envirnmental chice.Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water. The prcess als prduces mre greenhuse gases.In fact，bth kinds f bags are bad fr the envirnment. S，take a reusable bag with yu when yu g shpping.
?When yu turn ff a device，it stps using pwer. When we turn ff a device，such as televisin，it ges int stand-by mde. Devices in this mde still use pwer，and lder devices in stand-by mde can use even mre. This happens because electricity cntinues t leak frm the device，even when it is turned “ff”. T make sure yur appliance is in fact ff，remve the plug frm its pwer supply.
?Eating lcal fd is gd fr the envirnment.It seems like cmmn sense：eating lcal fd shuld be better fr the envirnment，because it des nt need t be transprted lng distances and kept cld during transprt. Unfrtunately，it is nt that simple. It is the prductin f fd，nt its transprt，that uses mst f the energy and prduces mst f the greenhuse gases. In sme cases，lcal prduce might have used mre energy and prduced mre greenhuse gases than prduce grwn a lng way away—even taking int accunt its transprt.?It’s better t take a shwer than a bath.It depends n hw lng yu spend in the shwer and hw large yur bath is. If yu spend mre than eight minutes in a shwer，yu’ll use as much water as in a bath—abut 50 litres f water. Therefre，the key is t keep yur shwer time as shrt as pssible.Envirnmental awareness is nw part f daily life. But it’s wrth checking cmmn ideas and pinins t see what’s really green.
Read the effects and cmplete the causes f these accrding t the passage.
1 Making a paper bag uses mre energy and water than making a plastic bag. It als prduces mre greenhuse gases.
Paper bags are nt gd fr the envirnment.
Turning ff a device wn’t stp it frm using pwer.
Eating lcal fd isn’t always better fr the envirnment.
It’s nt always better t take a shwer than a bath.
Devices turned ff g int stand-by mde and still use pwer.
Lcal prduce smetimes might use mre energy and prduce mre greenhuse gases than prduce grwn a lng way away—even taking int accunt its transprt.
If yu spend mre than eight minutes in a shwer，yu’ll use as much water as in a bath—abut 50 litres f water.
Think & Share1 Which f the “green truths” surprises yu mst? Give yur reasns.2 Are yu aware f any ther “green truths” that are nt true? Share them with the class.3 Hw “green” are yu? Share yur “green actins” with the class.4 What can yu d t becme “greener”?
When yu turn ff a device，it stps using pwer. Usually I just turn ff my televisin befre ging ut，thinking it is a safe and green way. I dn’t knw it’s still a waste f energy.
Bike-sharing is a green methd f transprtatin and prvides a user-friendly experience. Hwever，it causes the energy t be wasted if the bikes are thrwn away by the radside.
I usually try t save energy and water in my daily life. Fr example，I always turn ff the lights when I leave a rm. I walk r ride a bike instead f taking a bus r a taxi. I take a clth bag when I g shpping.
I can stp using the things that can be used nly nce. I can unplug the TV set befre I g ut. I can stp peple frm prducing pwer frm cal.
Wrk in grups. Give a talk abut ne f the “green truths” in the passage. 1 Use these questins t help plan yur talk.·Which“green truth”are yu ging t talk abut?·Why d peple believe it is “green”?·Why is it nt cmpletely true?·What can yu d t becme “greener”?2 Organise yur talk fllwing the steps belw.·Start yur talk by stating the tpic.·Describe yur chsen“green truth”in mre detail.·Explain why it is nt cmpletely“green”.·End yur talk by encuraging yur audience t becme “greener”.3 Give yur talk t the class.
I’m ging t talk abut ne f the “green truths”—Paper shpping bags are better than plastic nes. As we all knw，plastic bags cause litter and are a danger t wild animals，which mistake them fr fd. It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn，but much less time fr paper. Because f this，we think paper bags are the better envirnmental chice. Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water. The prcess als prduces mre greenhuse gases. In fact，bth kinds f bags are bad fr the envirnment. S，why nt take a reusable bag t becme “greener”when ging shpping?
Read the letter and answer the questins.
Writing a persuasive letter
Dear Friends，We are writing this letter t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign. It urges peple t save fd by nt wasting anything n the dining table. Yu may nt knw ver 30% f the wrld’s fd is wasted，while many peple in pr areas d nt have enugh t eat. In rder t save fd，we prpse：1 D nt rder mre than yu need in the schl canteen.2 Order less and take leftver fd hme when dining in restaurants.3 Call n family members and friends t take part in the campaign.Reducing daily fd waste by just 5% culd save millins f peple frm starvatin. Let’s start ding what we can t make the wrld a greener，cleaner place!With best wishes，Class 8
1 What is the purpse f the letter?2 What is the existing prblem?3 What are the prpsed actins frm Class 8?
The purpse f this letter is t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign.
Over 30% f the wrld’s fd is wasted，while many peple in pr areas d nt have enugh t eat.
D nt rder mre than yu need in the schl canteen；rder less and take leftver fd hme when dining in restaurants；call n family members and friends t take part in the campaign.
Prblem：Cause（s）：Slutin（s）：Nw write a persuasive letter. Use the expressins in the bx thelp yu.
Wrk in grups. Discuss anther envirnmental issue abut whicht write a persuasive letter and make ntes.
Share yur letter with the class.
□Useful expressins ·We are writing this letter t raise yur awareness f...·We are cncerned that...·We wuld like t suggest...·We hpe that yu will cnsider...·One f the reasns fr this is...·In rder t imprve the situatin，we shuld...
Dear Friends，We are writing this letter t raise yur awareness f the need t prtect ur planet. Yu can help simply by participating in the N Bttled Water campaign. Peple tend t think bttled water is cleaner and mre cnvenient. Hwever，they may nt knw that accrding t scientific research，millins f tns f plastic is used wrldwide t make water bttles each year. The plastic can take hundreds f years t break dwn. If yu are wrried abut the effects f bttled water n the Earth，we wuld like t suggest yu take the fllwing steps：1 Carry yur water in a sustainable，reusable bttle. In this way，yu dn’t need t buy bttled water.2 If yu have t purchase a plastic bttled beverage，recycle the bttle after use.3 Call n yur family members and friends t take part in this campaign.Everyne is respnsible fr making ur planet cleaner and better by ding what we can. Let’s start NOW.With best wishes，Class 11
Presenting ideas
Wrk in grups. Lk at the three items that cntribute t a carbn ftprint. Add any mre yu can think f.
rubbish，smking，printing
Create a carbn ftprint survey. Think f tw questins and pssible answers fr each tpic. Give each answer a scre frm 1（a lw carbn ftprint）t 3（a high carbn ftprint）.
Carry ut the survey and use the results t cme up with ways t reduce carbn ftprint.
Carbn ftprint survey1 Hw ften d yu walk，cycle r take public transprt t schl?Never（3） □ One t three times a week（2） □ Almst every day（1） □...
□ Useful expressins ·The average scre f ur grup is...·The results shw that...·The biggest prblem is...·We’re glad t see that...·In rder t...，we suggest...
Reprt the results f yur survey and yur ideas t the class. Use the expressins in the bx t help yu.
After cmpleting this unit，I can rate my perfrmance 1（excellent），2（gd）r 3（in need f imprvement）.□ talk abut envirnmental issues□ interrupt smene plitely□ write a persuasive letter t raise awareness f an envirnmental issue□ challenge views r assumptins and make infrmed decisins□ live a greener life at hme and at schlI’ve learnt t make use f the fllwing wrds and expressins：___________ _________________________________________________________________ I still need t imprve：______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
课文思维导图梳理与提示
Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. Which shpping bag is mre envirnmentally friendly?A. A plastic bag.B. A paper bag.C. A dispsable（一次性的） bag.D. A reusable bag.2. What shuld yu d t save energy when leaving yur hme?A. Turn ff a device.B. Unplug a device.C. Leave a device n.D. Leave a device in a stand-by mde.
3. What fd is better fr the envirnment?A. Fd prduced near t where yu live.B. Fd prduced far frm where yu live.C. Fd needing t be kept cld during transprt.D. Fd using less energy and prducing less greenhuse gases.4. Which uses less water?A. Taking a bath mre than 8 minutes.B. Taking a bath in a very large bathtub.C. Taking a shwer less than 8 minutes.D. Taking a shwer mre than 8 minutes.
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文） Mst f us are aware that we must take care f the envirnment，and the 1 （majr） f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin. 2 recently，sme “green truths” have been shwn t be nly half true，r even 3 （cmplete） false. Many peple think paper shpping bags are 4 （gd） than plastic nes. Hwever，making a paper bag uses mre energy and water than making a plastic bag. The prcess als 5 （prduce） mre greenhuse gases. In fact，bth kinds f bags are bad fr the envirnment.S，take a 6 （reuse） bag with yu when yu g shpping. It seems like cmmn sense that eating lcal fd shuld be better fr the envirnment，because it des nt need t be transprted lng distances and 7 （keep） cld during transprt. In fact，it is the prductin f fd 8 uses mst f the energy and prduces mst f the greenhuse gases. Lcal prduce smetimes might use mre energy and prduce mre greenhuse gases than prduce 9 （grw） a lng way away—even taking int accunt its transprt. Envirnmental awareness is nw part f daily life. But it’s wrth checking cmmn ideas and pinins t see 10 is really green.
Language pints
核心词汇 教材原句p.68 ... and the majrity f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin.……我们大多数人也采取了各种行动节约能源，减 少浪费和污染。1 majrity n. 多数，大多数（人或物）The majrity f the emplyees have university degrees.大部分雇员都有大学文凭。In the nursing prfessin，wmen are in a/the majrity.女性在护理行业中占大多数。 ［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】（1）The majrity+ 单数 / 复数谓语The majrity was/were in favur f banning smking.大多数人支持禁烟。【单词积累】（1）majr adj. 主要的，重要的 n. 主修科目，专业 v. 主修majr in 主修……（2）minr adj. 小的，不很重要的 → minrity n. 少数，少数派
完成句子(1)The agreement seems t be impssible because （大多数成员）are against it.(2)Only （少数的）peple in that city d nt have a car while thepeple taking the subway t wrk are （占大多数）.单句语法填空(3)T my surprise，the majrity f the students （be）fr his prpsal.(4)One-third f the cuntry （be）cvered with trees and the majrity f the citizens （be）black peple.
the majrity f the members
a minrity f
in the/ a majrity
2 take steps t d sth. 采取措施做某事We are taking steps t prevent pllutin.我们正在采取措施防止污染。【归纳拓展】（1）take measures t d sth. 采取措施做某事 take actin t d sth. 采取行动做某事（2）step up 使增加，使加快；走上前去 step by step 逐步地 ut f step 不合拍，不一致 mind/watch yur step 走路小心；言行小心谨慎单句语法填空(1)The wild ppulatin f kalas is in danger f dying ut，s we shuld take steps __________（prtect）them.(2) It is time fr us t take measures __________ （prtect）the envirnment.(3) Jack stepped __________ his pace because he didn’t want t be late again.
教材原句p.68 Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger t wild animals， which mistake them fr fd. 塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造 成伤害。3 把……错当成……I think yu must be mistaking me fr smene else.我想你准是认错人了。【归纳拓展】（1）by mistake 错误地，无意地make a mistake 犯错admit ne’s mistake 承认自己的错误（2）be mistaken abut... 误解……；对……持有错误的见解
单句语法填空(1) A wman mistk him a well-knwn actr，and asked him fr his autgraph（亲笔签名）.(2)Tm must have taken yur dictinary mistake.(3)Dn’t wrry. We all make （mistake）.(4)Unfrtunately，I was （mistake）abut hw much it wuld cst.完成句子(5) I tk yur bag instead f mine （错误地）.
教材原句p.68 It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn，but much less time fr paper. 塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多。4 break dwn （使）分解；出故障；失败；垮掉；消除Fd is brken dwn in the stmach. 食物在胃里分解。Our car brke dwn and we had t push it ff the rad.我们的汽车抛锚了，我们只好把它推到路旁。Talks with business leaders brke dwn last night.与商界领导人的谈判于昨晚失败了。Her health brke dwn under the pressure f wrk.她因工作压力身体垮掉了。It takes a lng time t break dwn prejudices.消除偏见需要很长时间。【归纳拓展】break up 破碎；解散 break int 强行闯入；突然……起来break in 破门而入；打断谈话 break away（frm）脱离；逃脱break thrugh 突破 break ff 中断；折断break ut（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发
完成句子(1) He had t pause frm time t time t wipe the sweat frm his frehead，because the air-cnditining system （发生故障）.(2)The river was cvered with ice，which culd smetimes （破裂）withut warning.(3)A big fire （突然发生）last night and its cause is being lked int.(4)When he gt hme，he fund his huse （被闯入）.(5)Burglars （强行进入）thrugh the bedrm windw.
教材原句 p.68 Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water . 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。5 amunt n.数量，数额The task will take a large amunt f time and energy.那项工作将花费大量的时间和精力。They didn’t deliver the right amunt f sand.他们运来的沙子数量不对。
单句语法填空(1)A large amunt f mney （spend）building mre mdern kindergartens s farthis year.(2)Large amunts f mney （waste）buying useless things every year.(3) With mre frests being destryed，a large amunt f gd earth （be）beingwashed away each year.完成句子(4)He wasted （大量时间）playing cmputer games.
are wasted
has been spent
a large amunt f time/large amunts f time
教材原句p.69 T make sure yur appliance is in fact ff, remve the plug frm its pwer supply. 为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。6 remve v. 移走，搬走，去掉；消除，除去；免除……的职务，开除As sn as the cake is dne，remve it frm the ven.蛋糕一烤好，就把它从烤箱里移出来。Illegally parked vehicles will be remved.非法停放的车辆将被拖走。remve ne’s dubt/truble 消除某人的疑虑 / 烦恼She has been remved frm her psitin as a directr.她已经被免去了董事职位。
单句语法填空(1)T ur amazement，the fficial was remved ffice.(2)Yu’d better have the ld furniture （remve）.(3)Once frmed，the bad habits are hard （remve）.完成句子(4) Yu’d better perfrm well t （消除他的疑虑）.(5)He （被开除了）the pst because he brke the rules andregulatins f the cmpany by design.
t be remved
was remved frm
教材原句p.69 ... even taking int accunt its transprt . ……即使将运输的因素考虑在内。7 take... int accunt 把……考虑进去（= take accunt f） I think yu have t take int accunt that he’s much yunger than the rest f us. 我认为你得考虑到他比我们其他人都要年轻得多。【归纳拓展】accunt fr 是……的原因；解释；（在数量或比例上）占give an accunt f 描述……pen/clse an accunt 开立 / 结清账户n accunt f 因为，由于n n accunt 决不，绝对不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）
单句语法填空(1) Cursewrk is taken accunt as well as exam results.(2) ［2020·全国Ⅰ卷］ Lighting accunts abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed inthe US.完成句子(3) The pr weather may have （是……的原因）the increase in thenumber f peple wh cugh day and night.(4)He was t shcked t （描述）what had happened.
accunted fr
give an accunt f
教材原句p.71 We are writing this letter t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign. 我们写这封信是为了号召大家参加光盘运动。8 campaign n. & v.（1）n.（宣传）活动；运动；战役a campaign fr equal rights 争取平等权利的运动Plice launched a campaign t reduce rad accidents.警方开展了一场减少道路交通事故的活动。（2）v. 参加活动；发起运动He has campaigned against whaling fr the last 5 years.他过去五年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。They’ve been campaigning fr years t get him ut f prisn.多年来为了让他出狱他们一直在积极活动。
单句语法填空(1) They have launched a campaign （prtect）ancient buildings in urban areas.(2)They are campaigning （prevent）the wild animals being hunted.完成句子(3)He jined a grup （发起运动反对）the destructin f the rain frests.(4)Since then，they （发起一场伟大的运动）t make the beaches safer fr swimmers and turists.
campaigning against
have launched a great campaign
教材原句p.71 It urges peple t save fd by nt wasting anything n the dining table. 它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。9 urge v. &n. （1）v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 Our teachers urge that we （shuld） study hard with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin drawing near.随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们努力学习。（2）n. 强烈的欲望，冲动搭配：an urge t d sth. 做某事的冲动I have an urge t help peple ut when they’re in truble.当人们遇到困难时，我有一种帮助他们的冲动。
【学法点拨】urge 后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“shuld + 动词原形”，shuld 可以省略。【单词积累】urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的 urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地 urgency n. 紧急，紧迫单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ That cuntry urged the relevant parties （keep）calm and adpt a respnsible attitude.(2)They might then urge their parents and ther peple （give）up smking，t.(3) He had a sudden urge （design）a pster persnally.(4)I have an （urge）message. Call me back as sn as pssible.
t keep/（shuld）keep
完成句子(5) Teachers urged parents （不要允许）their childrenunder 12 t ride bicycles t schl fr safety.(6) My teacher urged that （我们下课后应多做运动）.
nt t allw/（shuld）nt allw
we （shuld）d mre exercise after class
教材原句p.71 We are cncerned that ...我们担心……10 cncerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；有关的I’m a bit cncerned abut/fr yur health.我有点儿担心你的健康。As far as I’m cncerned，the film is wrth seeing.在我看来，这部电影值得一看。 ［词汇复现］【误区警示】cncerned 作前置定语时，意为“担心的；关心的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的”。cncerned parents 忧心忡忡的家长 the peple cncerned 有关的人
【单词积累】cncern v. 使忧虑，使担心；与……有关 n. 担心，忧虑；担心的事cncern neself with/abut 关心……；担心……with cncern 关切地express/shw cncern abut/fr 对……表示关心 / 担心【一言辨异】As far as I am cncerned，educatrs shuld be cncerned abut the prblems that are cncerned with the healthy grwth f the children and cncern themselves with the wrk f educatin. 依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并使自己参与教育工作。
单句语法填空(1)As far as I’m （cncern），the idea is crazy.(2) In fact，Jhn has never been （cncern）abut what thers think f him.(3) My teacher is lking at me cncern.(4) Several parents shwed their great cncern their children’s safety at schl.(5) The meeting was cncerned the system refrms and everyne present was cncerned their wn interests.(6)What （cncern）me is ur lack f preparatin fr the change.完成句子(7)The （忧心忡忡的家长）were all （担心）the children’s safety.(8) （就我而言），reading English newspapers is f great help t ur English study.(9)Please cme here n time. The matter （与……有关）all f yu.
As far as I am cncerned
is cncerned with
cncerned parents
cncerned abut
教材原句p.72 Lk at the three items that cntribute t a carbn ftprint. 看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。11 cntribute v. 促成，造成（某事发生）；捐助，捐赠，贡献；投稿，撰稿 The vlunteers cntribute their wn time t the prject.志愿者为这一工程奉献出自己的时间。Smking cntributed t his early death.吸烟导致他早逝【归纳拓展】make a cntributin/cntributins t/twards... 为……作出贡献Rsa Parks made a great cntributin t the civil-rights mvement in the US. 罗莎·帕克斯为美国民权运动作出了巨大贡献。【一言助记】 Many peple cntributed mney t the pr by，which cntributed t his return t schl. A writer wrte a stry abut this and cntributed it t a press. 许多人给那个贫穷的男孩捐款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一个关于此事的故事并把它投给了一家出版社。
写出下列句中 cntribute 的含义(1) She cntributed a number f articles t the magazine. __________ (2)Alchl cntributes t many deaths a year in this cuntry. __________ (3) The vlunteers cntribute much time t the activity. __________ 单句语法填空(4) The Sng Dynasty cntributed three great inventins __________ the wrld.(5)He gt prmted fr his __________（cntribute）t the cmpany.(6)The famus writer is ne f the several authrs __________ （cntribute）t the bk.完成句子(7) Eating t much and lack f exercise _________________ （导致）his being t fat.(8)Every ne f us shuld ___________________________ （为……作出贡献）ur sciety.
cntributins
cntributing
cntribute t
make a cntributin/cntributins t
教材原句p.72 The average scre f ur grup is ...我们组的平均成绩是……12 average adj.平均（数）的；平常的，普通的 n. 平均数；平均水平An average f 10 students were absent each day last term.上学期平均每天有 10 名学生缺席。400 peple a year die f this disease n average.平均每年有 400 人死于这种疾病。He was in his late twenties and f average height.他年近三十，中等个头。
单句语法填空(1)The prvince’s rainfall this year is average. Many plants are shrt f water and have been dead.(2) average，90% f the students per class in this schl are experienced in studyingmaths.(3)Last year was the warmest year n recrd，with glbal temperature 0.68℃ theaverage. 完成句子(4) （平均来看），each member earns ＄5 per hur.
重点句式 教材原句p.68 Hwever， making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water . 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。1 动名词（短语）作主语（1）动名词（短语）作主语可直接位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语，而将动名词（短语）后置。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Saying is ne thing，and ding is anther.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。Staring at smene is implite. 盯着人看是不礼貌的。It’s rather tiring lking after the kids. 照看孩子相当累人。
（2）常用动名词（短语）作主语的句式：It is n use/n gd ding sth. 做某事是没有用的。It is a waste f time ding sth. 做某事是浪费时间。It is n fun ding sth. 做某事没有乐趣。It’s n use crying ver spilt milk. 覆水难收。It is a waste f time discussing such matters.讨论这样的事情是浪费时间。【学法点拨】动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语。动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次性的行为；动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
2 倍数表达法倍数表达法常用的几种形式：（1）倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词的原级 + as + 其他（2）倍数 + 形容词 / 副词的比较级 + than + 其他（3）倍数 + the + size/height/weight/length/width/depth...+ f + 其他（4）倍数 + what 从句When yu study the lcal map，yu will find this twn is three times as big as that ne.=When yu study the lcal map，yu will find this twn is three times bigger than that ne.=When yu study the lcal map，yu will find this twn is three times the size f that ne.当你研究当地地图时，你会发现这个城镇是那个城镇的三倍大。【学法点拨】（1）上述结构中的“倍数”部分也可用分数、百分数代替。（2）表示两倍时，一般用 twice/duble；times 表示“倍数”时，一般用于表示三倍或三倍以上。
单句语法填空(1)Peter’s jacket lked just the same as Jack’s，but it cst twice much as his.(2) This department is twice （big）than that ne.(3) Our manager presented a reprt three times （lng）f mine.一句多译这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。(4) The rad is fur times it was three years ag.(5) The rad is fur times it was three years ag.(6)The length f the rad is fur times three years ag.
as lng as
the length f what
what it was
教材原句p.69 It is the prductin f fd，nt its transprt， that uses mst f the energy and prduces mst f the greenhuse gases . 相比于运输， 食品的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。3 强调句型（1）强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分. 该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。（2）一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 ?特殊疑问句：疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其他部分 ?Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴吗？When was it that she changed her mind?她是什么时候改变主意的？
（3） 的强调句型：It is/was nt + 其他部分 .I didn’t realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.→ It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a famus film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。【误区警示】（1）强调句型中的 it 不能用其他词代替。（2）被强调部分指人时，可以用 wh 代替 that，其他情况一律用that。（3）用 is 还是 was 要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用 is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用 was。【学法点拨】判断句子是不是强调句型的方法：去掉 it is/was 与 that/wh，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
单句语法填空(1) It was in the living rm Mary argued with her husband.(2) Was it yesterday the building was damaged?(3)Wh was it lst patience with yu?(4) was because Jack gt up late that he missed the ferry.(5)It was nt until the prfessr came they began the test.(6) It was my brther helped me a lt when I was at university.一句多译I met an ld deskmate at the railway statin yesterday.(7) 强调主语：___________________________________________________________________(8) 强调宾语： ___________________________________________________________________(9) 强调地点状语： ___________________________________________________________________(10) 强调时间状语： __________________________________________________________________
It was I that/wh met an ld deskmate at the railway statin yesterday.
It was an ld deskmate that I met at the railway statin yesterday.
It was at the railway statin that I met an ld deskmate yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an ld deskmate at the railway statin.
Develping ideas
Lk at the questins abut “green living” and tick yur answers.1 Which shpping bag is mre envirnmentally friendly?□ A plastic bag. □ A paper bag. □ Neither f these.2 What shuld yu d t save energy when leaving yur hme?□ Turn ff a device. □ Unplug a device. □ Neither f these.3 What fd is better fr the envirnment?□ Fd prduced near t where yu live.□ Fd prduced far frm where yu live. □ It depends.4 Which uses less water?□ Taking a bath. □ Taking a shwer. □ It depends.Nw wrk in grups and see if ther peple share yur ideas.
Read the fur subheadings in the passage and decide if they are true r false. Then read the passage and check yur answers.
What’s really green?Mst f us are aware that we must take care f the envirnment，and the majrity f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin. But recently，sme “green truths” have been shwn t be nly half true，r even cmpletely false. Here are sme cmmn nes. Which are really green??Paper shpping bags are better than plastic nes.Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger t wild animals，which mistake them fr fd. It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn，but much less time fr paper. Because f this，peple think paper bags are the better envirnmental chice.Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water. The prcess als prduces mre greenhuse gases.In fact，bth kinds f bags are bad fr the envirnment. S，take a reusable bag with yu when yu g shpping.
?When yu turn ff a device，it stps using pwer. When we turn ff a device，such as televisin，it ges int stand-by mde. Devices in this mde still use pwer，and lder devices in stand-by mde can use even mre. This happens because electricity cntinues t leak frm the device，even when it is turned “ff”. T make sure yur appliance is in fact ff，remve the plug frm its pwer supply.
?Eating lcal fd is gd fr the envirnment.It seems like cmmn sense：eating lcal fd shuld be better fr the envirnment，because it des nt need t be transprted lng distances and kept cld during transprt. Unfrtunately，it is nt that simple. It is the prductin f fd，nt its transprt，that uses mst f the energy and prduces mst f the greenhuse gases. In sme cases，lcal prduce might have used mre energy and prduced mre greenhuse gases than prduce grwn a lng way away—even taking int accunt its transprt.?It’s better t take a shwer than a bath.It depends n hw lng yu spend in the shwer and hw large yur bath is. If yu spend mre than eight minutes in a shwer，yu’ll use as much water as in a bath—abut 50 litres f water. Therefre，the key is t keep yur shwer time as shrt as pssible.Envirnmental awareness is nw part f daily life. But it’s wrth checking cmmn ideas and pinins t see what’s really green.
Read the effects and cmplete the causes f these accrding t the passage.
1 Making a paper bag uses mre energy and water than making a plastic bag. It als prduces mre greenhuse gases.
Paper bags are nt gd fr the envirnment.
Turning ff a device wn’t stp it frm using pwer.
Eating lcal fd isn’t always better fr the envirnment.
It’s nt always better t take a shwer than a bath.
Devices turned ff g int stand-by mde and still use pwer.
Lcal prduce smetimes might use mre energy and prduce mre greenhuse gases than prduce grwn a lng way away—even taking int accunt its transprt.
If yu spend mre than eight minutes in a shwer，yu’ll use as much water as in a bath—abut 50 litres f water.
Think & Share1 Which f the “green truths” surprises yu mst? Give yur reasns.2 Are yu aware f any ther “green truths” that are nt true? Share them with the class.3 Hw “green” are yu? Share yur “green actins” with the class.4 What can yu d t becme “greener”?
When yu turn ff a device，it stps using pwer. Usually I just turn ff my televisin befre ging ut，thinking it is a safe and green way. I dn’t knw it’s still a waste f energy.
Bike-sharing is a green methd f transprtatin and prvides a user-friendly experience. Hwever，it causes the energy t be wasted if the bikes are thrwn away by the radside.
I usually try t save energy and water in my daily life. Fr example，I always turn ff the lights when I leave a rm. I walk r ride a bike instead f taking a bus r a taxi. I take a clth bag when I g shpping.
I can stp using the things that can be used nly nce. I can unplug the TV set befre I g ut. I can stp peple frm prducing pwer frm cal.
Wrk in grups. Give a talk abut ne f the “green truths” in the passage. 1 Use these questins t help plan yur talk.·Which“green truth”are yu ging t talk abut?·Why d peple believe it is “green”?·Why is it nt cmpletely true?·What can yu d t becme “greener”?2 Organise yur talk fllwing the steps belw.·Start yur talk by stating the tpic.·Describe yur chsen“green truth”in mre detail.·Explain why it is nt cmpletely“green”.·End yur talk by encuraging yur audience t becme “greener”.3 Give yur talk t the class.
I’m ging t talk abut ne f the “green truths”—Paper shpping bags are better than plastic nes. As we all knw，plastic bags cause litter and are a danger t wild animals，which mistake them fr fd. It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn，but much less time fr paper. Because f this，we think paper bags are the better envirnmental chice. Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water. The prcess als prduces mre greenhuse gases. In fact，bth kinds f bags are bad fr the envirnment. S，why nt take a reusable bag t becme “greener”when ging shpping?
Read the letter and answer the questins.
Writing a persuasive letter
Dear Friends，We are writing this letter t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign. It urges peple t save fd by nt wasting anything n the dining table. Yu may nt knw ver 30% f the wrld’s fd is wasted，while many peple in pr areas d nt have enugh t eat. In rder t save fd，we prpse：1 D nt rder mre than yu need in the schl canteen.2 Order less and take leftver fd hme when dining in restaurants.3 Call n family members and friends t take part in the campaign.Reducing daily fd waste by just 5% culd save millins f peple frm starvatin. Let’s start ding what we can t make the wrld a greener，cleaner place!With best wishes，Class 8
1 What is the purpse f the letter?2 What is the existing prblem?3 What are the prpsed actins frm Class 8?
The purpse f this letter is t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign.
Over 30% f the wrld’s fd is wasted，while many peple in pr areas d nt have enugh t eat.
D nt rder mre than yu need in the schl canteen；rder less and take leftver fd hme when dining in restaurants；call n family members and friends t take part in the campaign.
Prblem：Cause（s）：Slutin（s）：Nw write a persuasive letter. Use the expressins in the bx thelp yu.
Wrk in grups. Discuss anther envirnmental issue abut whicht write a persuasive letter and make ntes.
Share yur letter with the class.
□Useful expressins ·We are writing this letter t raise yur awareness f...·We are cncerned that...·We wuld like t suggest...·We hpe that yu will cnsider...·One f the reasns fr this is...·In rder t imprve the situatin，we shuld...
Dear Friends，We are writing this letter t raise yur awareness f the need t prtect ur planet. Yu can help simply by participating in the N Bttled Water campaign. Peple tend t think bttled water is cleaner and mre cnvenient. Hwever，they may nt knw that accrding t scientific research，millins f tns f plastic is used wrldwide t make water bttles each year. The plastic can take hundreds f years t break dwn. If yu are wrried abut the effects f bttled water n the Earth，we wuld like t suggest yu take the fllwing steps：1 Carry yur water in a sustainable，reusable bttle. In this way，yu dn’t need t buy bttled water.2 If yu have t purchase a plastic bttled beverage，recycle the bttle after use.3 Call n yur family members and friends t take part in this campaign.Everyne is respnsible fr making ur planet cleaner and better by ding what we can. Let’s start NOW.With best wishes，Class 11
Presenting ideas
Wrk in grups. Lk at the three items that cntribute t a carbn ftprint. Add any mre yu can think f.
rubbish，smking，printing
Create a carbn ftprint survey. Think f tw questins and pssible answers fr each tpic. Give each answer a scre frm 1（a lw carbn ftprint）t 3（a high carbn ftprint）.
Carry ut the survey and use the results t cme up with ways t reduce carbn ftprint.
Carbn ftprint survey1 Hw ften d yu walk，cycle r take public transprt t schl?Never（3） □ One t three times a week（2） □ Almst every day（1） □...
□ Useful expressins ·The average scre f ur grup is...·The results shw that...·The biggest prblem is...·We’re glad t see that...·In rder t...，we suggest...
Reprt the results f yur survey and yur ideas t the class. Use the expressins in the bx t help yu.
After cmpleting this unit，I can rate my perfrmance 1（excellent），2（gd）r 3（in need f imprvement）.□ talk abut envirnmental issues□ interrupt smene plitely□ write a persuasive letter t raise awareness f an envirnmental issue□ challenge views r assumptins and make infrmed decisins□ live a greener life at hme and at schlI’ve learnt t make use f the fllwing wrds and expressins：___________ _________________________________________________________________ I still need t imprve：______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
课文思维导图梳理与提示
Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. Which shpping bag is mre envirnmentally friendly?A. A plastic bag.B. A paper bag.C. A dispsable（一次性的） bag.D. A reusable bag.2. What shuld yu d t save energy when leaving yur hme?A. Turn ff a device.B. Unplug a device.C. Leave a device n.D. Leave a device in a stand-by mde.
3. What fd is better fr the envirnment?A. Fd prduced near t where yu live.B. Fd prduced far frm where yu live.C. Fd needing t be kept cld during transprt.D. Fd using less energy and prducing less greenhuse gases.4. Which uses less water?A. Taking a bath mre than 8 minutes.B. Taking a bath in a very large bathtub.C. Taking a shwer less than 8 minutes.D. Taking a shwer mre than 8 minutes.
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文） Mst f us are aware that we must take care f the envirnment，and the 1 （majr） f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin. 2 recently，sme “green truths” have been shwn t be nly half true，r even 3 （cmplete） false. Many peple think paper shpping bags are 4 （gd） than plastic nes. Hwever，making a paper bag uses mre energy and water than making a plastic bag. The prcess als 5 （prduce） mre greenhuse gases. In fact，bth kinds f bags are bad fr the envirnment.S，take a 6 （reuse） bag with yu when yu g shpping. It seems like cmmn sense that eating lcal fd shuld be better fr the envirnment，because it des nt need t be transprted lng distances and 7 （keep） cld during transprt. In fact，it is the prductin f fd 8 uses mst f the energy and prduces mst f the greenhuse gases. Lcal prduce smetimes might use mre energy and prduce mre greenhuse gases than prduce 9 （grw） a lng way away—even taking int accunt its transprt. Envirnmental awareness is nw part f daily life. But it’s wrth checking cmmn ideas and pinins t see 10 is really green.
Language pints
核心词汇 教材原句p.68 ... and the majrity f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin.……我们大多数人也采取了各种行动节约能源，减 少浪费和污染。1 majrity n. 多数，大多数（人或物）The majrity f the emplyees have university degrees.大部分雇员都有大学文凭。In the nursing prfessin，wmen are in a/the majrity.女性在护理行业中占大多数。 ［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】（1）The majrity+ 单数 / 复数谓语The majrity was/were in favur f banning smking.大多数人支持禁烟。【单词积累】（1）majr adj. 主要的，重要的 n. 主修科目，专业 v. 主修majr in 主修……（2）minr adj. 小的，不很重要的 → minrity n. 少数，少数派
完成句子(1)The agreement seems t be impssible because （大多数成员）are against it.(2)Only （少数的）peple in that city d nt have a car while thepeple taking the subway t wrk are （占大多数）.单句语法填空(3)T my surprise，the majrity f the students （be）fr his prpsal.(4)One-third f the cuntry （be）cvered with trees and the majrity f the citizens （be）black peple.
the majrity f the members
a minrity f
in the/ a majrity
2 take steps t d sth. 采取措施做某事We are taking steps t prevent pllutin.我们正在采取措施防止污染。【归纳拓展】（1）take measures t d sth. 采取措施做某事 take actin t d sth. 采取行动做某事（2）step up 使增加，使加快；走上前去 step by step 逐步地 ut f step 不合拍，不一致 mind/watch yur step 走路小心；言行小心谨慎单句语法填空(1)The wild ppulatin f kalas is in danger f dying ut，s we shuld take steps __________（prtect）them.(2) It is time fr us t take measures __________ （prtect）the envirnment.(3) Jack stepped __________ his pace because he didn’t want t be late again.
教材原句p.68 Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger t wild animals， which mistake them fr fd. 塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造 成伤害。3 把……错当成……I think yu must be mistaking me fr smene else.我想你准是认错人了。【归纳拓展】（1）by mistake 错误地，无意地make a mistake 犯错admit ne’s mistake 承认自己的错误（2）be mistaken abut... 误解……；对……持有错误的见解
单句语法填空(1) A wman mistk him a well-knwn actr，and asked him fr his autgraph（亲笔签名）.(2)Tm must have taken yur dictinary mistake.(3)Dn’t wrry. We all make （mistake）.(4)Unfrtunately，I was （mistake）abut hw much it wuld cst.完成句子(5) I tk yur bag instead f mine （错误地）.
教材原句p.68 It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn，but much less time fr paper. 塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多。4 break dwn （使）分解；出故障；失败；垮掉；消除Fd is brken dwn in the stmach. 食物在胃里分解。Our car brke dwn and we had t push it ff the rad.我们的汽车抛锚了，我们只好把它推到路旁。Talks with business leaders brke dwn last night.与商界领导人的谈判于昨晚失败了。Her health brke dwn under the pressure f wrk.她因工作压力身体垮掉了。It takes a lng time t break dwn prejudices.消除偏见需要很长时间。【归纳拓展】break up 破碎；解散 break int 强行闯入；突然……起来break in 破门而入；打断谈话 break away（frm）脱离；逃脱break thrugh 突破 break ff 中断；折断break ut（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发
完成句子(1) He had t pause frm time t time t wipe the sweat frm his frehead，because the air-cnditining system （发生故障）.(2)The river was cvered with ice，which culd smetimes （破裂）withut warning.(3)A big fire （突然发生）last night and its cause is being lked int.(4)When he gt hme，he fund his huse （被闯入）.(5)Burglars （强行进入）thrugh the bedrm windw.
教材原句 p.68 Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water . 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。5 amunt n.数量，数额The task will take a large amunt f time and energy.那项工作将花费大量的时间和精力。They didn’t deliver the right amunt f sand.他们运来的沙子数量不对。
单句语法填空(1)A large amunt f mney （spend）building mre mdern kindergartens s farthis year.(2)Large amunts f mney （waste）buying useless things every year.(3) With mre frests being destryed，a large amunt f gd earth （be）beingwashed away each year.完成句子(4)He wasted （大量时间）playing cmputer games.
are wasted
has been spent
a large amunt f time/large amunts f time
教材原句p.69 T make sure yur appliance is in fact ff, remve the plug frm its pwer supply. 为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。6 remve v. 移走，搬走，去掉；消除，除去；免除……的职务，开除As sn as the cake is dne，remve it frm the ven.蛋糕一烤好，就把它从烤箱里移出来。Illegally parked vehicles will be remved.非法停放的车辆将被拖走。remve ne’s dubt/truble 消除某人的疑虑 / 烦恼She has been remved frm her psitin as a directr.她已经被免去了董事职位。
单句语法填空(1)T ur amazement，the fficial was remved ffice.(2)Yu’d better have the ld furniture （remve）.(3)Once frmed，the bad habits are hard （remve）.完成句子(4) Yu’d better perfrm well t （消除他的疑虑）.(5)He （被开除了）the pst because he brke the rules andregulatins f the cmpany by design.
t be remved
was remved frm
教材原句p.69 ... even taking int accunt its transprt . ……即使将运输的因素考虑在内。7 take... int accunt 把……考虑进去（= take accunt f） I think yu have t take int accunt that he’s much yunger than the rest f us. 我认为你得考虑到他比我们其他人都要年轻得多。【归纳拓展】accunt fr 是……的原因；解释；（在数量或比例上）占give an accunt f 描述……pen/clse an accunt 开立 / 结清账户n accunt f 因为，由于n n accunt 决不，绝对不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）
单句语法填空(1) Cursewrk is taken accunt as well as exam results.(2) ［2020·全国Ⅰ卷］ Lighting accunts abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed inthe US.完成句子(3) The pr weather may have （是……的原因）the increase in thenumber f peple wh cugh day and night.(4)He was t shcked t （描述）what had happened.
accunted fr
give an accunt f
教材原句p.71 We are writing this letter t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign. 我们写这封信是为了号召大家参加光盘运动。8 campaign n. & v.（1）n.（宣传）活动；运动；战役a campaign fr equal rights 争取平等权利的运动Plice launched a campaign t reduce rad accidents.警方开展了一场减少道路交通事故的活动。（2）v. 参加活动；发起运动He has campaigned against whaling fr the last 5 years.他过去五年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。They’ve been campaigning fr years t get him ut f prisn.多年来为了让他出狱他们一直在积极活动。
单句语法填空(1) They have launched a campaign （prtect）ancient buildings in urban areas.(2)They are campaigning （prevent）the wild animals being hunted.完成句子(3)He jined a grup （发起运动反对）the destructin f the rain frests.(4)Since then，they （发起一场伟大的运动）t make the beaches safer fr swimmers and turists.
campaigning against
have launched a great campaign
教材原句p.71 It urges peple t save fd by nt wasting anything n the dining table. 它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。9 urge v. &n. （1）v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 Our teachers urge that we （shuld） study hard with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin drawing near.随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们努力学习。（2）n. 强烈的欲望，冲动搭配：an urge t d sth. 做某事的冲动I have an urge t help peple ut when they’re in truble.当人们遇到困难时，我有一种帮助他们的冲动。
【学法点拨】urge 后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“shuld + 动词原形”，shuld 可以省略。【单词积累】urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的 urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地 urgency n. 紧急，紧迫单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ That cuntry urged the relevant parties （keep）calm and adpt a respnsible attitude.(2)They might then urge their parents and ther peple （give）up smking，t.(3) He had a sudden urge （design）a pster persnally.(4)I have an （urge）message. Call me back as sn as pssible.
t keep/（shuld）keep
完成句子(5) Teachers urged parents （不要允许）their childrenunder 12 t ride bicycles t schl fr safety.(6) My teacher urged that （我们下课后应多做运动）.
nt t allw/（shuld）nt allw
we （shuld）d mre exercise after class
教材原句p.71 We are cncerned that ...我们担心……10 cncerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；有关的I’m a bit cncerned abut/fr yur health.我有点儿担心你的健康。As far as I’m cncerned，the film is wrth seeing.在我看来，这部电影值得一看。 ［词汇复现］【误区警示】cncerned 作前置定语时，意为“担心的；关心的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的”。cncerned parents 忧心忡忡的家长 the peple cncerned 有关的人
【单词积累】cncern v. 使忧虑，使担心；与……有关 n. 担心，忧虑；担心的事cncern neself with/abut 关心……；担心……with cncern 关切地express/shw cncern abut/fr 对……表示关心 / 担心【一言辨异】As far as I am cncerned，educatrs shuld be cncerned abut the prblems that are cncerned with the healthy grwth f the children and cncern themselves with the wrk f educatin. 依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并使自己参与教育工作。
单句语法填空(1)As far as I’m （cncern），the idea is crazy.(2) In fact，Jhn has never been （cncern）abut what thers think f him.(3) My teacher is lking at me cncern.(4) Several parents shwed their great cncern their children’s safety at schl.(5) The meeting was cncerned the system refrms and everyne present was cncerned their wn interests.(6)What （cncern）me is ur lack f preparatin fr the change.完成句子(7)The （忧心忡忡的家长）were all （担心）the children’s safety.(8) （就我而言），reading English newspapers is f great help t ur English study.(9)Please cme here n time. The matter （与……有关）all f yu.
As far as I am cncerned
is cncerned with
cncerned parents
cncerned abut
教材原句p.72 Lk at the three items that cntribute t a carbn ftprint. 看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。11 cntribute v. 促成，造成（某事发生）；捐助，捐赠，贡献；投稿，撰稿 The vlunteers cntribute their wn time t the prject.志愿者为这一工程奉献出自己的时间。Smking cntributed t his early death.吸烟导致他早逝【归纳拓展】make a cntributin/cntributins t/twards... 为……作出贡献Rsa Parks made a great cntributin t the civil-rights mvement in the US. 罗莎·帕克斯为美国民权运动作出了巨大贡献。【一言助记】 Many peple cntributed mney t the pr by，which cntributed t his return t schl. A writer wrte a stry abut this and cntributed it t a press. 许多人给那个贫穷的男孩捐款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一个关于此事的故事并把它投给了一家出版社。
写出下列句中 cntribute 的含义(1) She cntributed a number f articles t the magazine. __________ (2)Alchl cntributes t many deaths a year in this cuntry. __________ (3) The vlunteers cntribute much time t the activity. __________ 单句语法填空(4) The Sng Dynasty cntributed three great inventins __________ the wrld.(5)He gt prmted fr his __________（cntribute）t the cmpany.(6)The famus writer is ne f the several authrs __________ （cntribute）t the bk.完成句子(7) Eating t much and lack f exercise _________________ （导致）his being t fat.(8)Every ne f us shuld ___________________________ （为……作出贡献）ur sciety.
cntributins
cntributing
cntribute t
make a cntributin/cntributins t
教材原句p.72 The average scre f ur grup is ...我们组的平均成绩是……12 average adj.平均（数）的；平常的，普通的 n. 平均数；平均水平An average f 10 students were absent each day last term.上学期平均每天有 10 名学生缺席。400 peple a year die f this disease n average.平均每年有 400 人死于这种疾病。He was in his late twenties and f average height.他年近三十，中等个头。
单句语法填空(1)The prvince’s rainfall this year is average. Many plants are shrt f water and have been dead.(2) average，90% f the students per class in this schl are experienced in studyingmaths.(3)Last year was the warmest year n recrd，with glbal temperature 0.68℃ theaverage. 完成句子(4) （平均来看），each member earns ＄5 per hur.
重点句式 教材原句p.68 Hwever， making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water . 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。1 动名词（短语）作主语（1）动名词（短语）作主语可直接位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语，而将动名词（短语）后置。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Saying is ne thing，and ding is anther.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。Staring at smene is implite. 盯着人看是不礼貌的。It’s rather tiring lking after the kids. 照看孩子相当累人。
（2）常用动名词（短语）作主语的句式：It is n use/n gd ding sth. 做某事是没有用的。It is a waste f time ding sth. 做某事是浪费时间。It is n fun ding sth. 做某事没有乐趣。It’s n use crying ver spilt milk. 覆水难收。It is a waste f time discussing such matters.讨论这样的事情是浪费时间。【学法点拨】动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语。动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次性的行为；动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
2 倍数表达法倍数表达法常用的几种形式：（1）倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词的原级 + as + 其他（2）倍数 + 形容词 / 副词的比较级 + than + 其他（3）倍数 + the + size/height/weight/length/width/depth...+ f + 其他（4）倍数 + what 从句When yu study the lcal map，yu will find this twn is three times as big as that ne.=When yu study the lcal map，yu will find this twn is three times bigger than that ne.=When yu study the lcal map，yu will find this twn is three times the size f that ne.当你研究当地地图时，你会发现这个城镇是那个城镇的三倍大。【学法点拨】（1）上述结构中的“倍数”部分也可用分数、百分数代替。（2）表示两倍时，一般用 twice/duble；times 表示“倍数”时，一般用于表示三倍或三倍以上。
单句语法填空(1)Peter’s jacket lked just the same as Jack’s，but it cst twice much as his.(2) This department is twice （big）than that ne.(3) Our manager presented a reprt three times （lng）f mine.一句多译这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。(4) The rad is fur times it was three years ag.(5) The rad is fur times it was three years ag.(6)The length f the rad is fur times three years ag.
as lng as
the length f what
what it was
教材原句p.69 It is the prductin f fd，nt its transprt， that uses mst f the energy and prduces mst f the greenhuse gases . 相比于运输， 食品的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。3 强调句型（1）强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分. 该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。（2）一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 ?特殊疑问句：疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其他部分 ?Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴吗？When was it that she changed her mind?她是什么时候改变主意的？
（3） 的强调句型：It is/was nt + 其他部分 .I didn’t realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.→ It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a famus film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。【误区警示】（1）强调句型中的 it 不能用其他词代替。（2）被强调部分指人时，可以用 wh 代替 that，其他情况一律用that。（3）用 is 还是 was 要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用 is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用 was。【学法点拨】判断句子是不是强调句型的方法：去掉 it is/was 与 that/wh，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
单句语法填空(1) It was in the living rm Mary argued with her husband.(2) Was it yesterday the building was damaged?(3)Wh was it lst patience with yu?(4) was because Jack gt up late that he missed the ferry.(5)It was nt until the prfessr came they began the test.(6) It was my brther helped me a lt when I was at university.一句多译I met an ld deskmate at the railway statin yesterday.(7) 强调主语：___________________________________________________________________(8) 强调宾语： ___________________________________________________________________(9) 强调地点状语： ___________________________________________________________________(10) 强调时间状语： __________________________________________________________________
It was I that/wh met an ld deskmate at the railway statin yesterday.
It was an ld deskmate that I met at the railway statin yesterday.
It was at the railway statin that I met an ld deskmate yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an ld deskmate at the railway statin.
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