【期末考点专题】人教版(2019)高中英语必修1：专题2.词汇拓展、语法清单及语法填空精练

这是一份【期末考点专题】人教版(2019)高中英语必修1：专题2.词汇拓展、语法清单及语法填空精练，文件包含期末考点专题人教版2019高中英语必修1专题2词汇拓展语法清单及语法填空精练教师版docx、期末考点专题人教版2019高中英语必修1专题2词汇拓展语法清单及语法填空精练学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。

词汇拓展、语法清单及语法填空精练
一．必记词汇拓展
1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚
8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发
9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现
11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
12．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
13．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
14．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的
15．variety n．异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的
16．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数
17．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪
18．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的
19．beg vt.恳求；祈求→beggar n．乞丐
20．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等
21．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的
22．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述
23．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系
24．creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→create vt.创造→creativity n．创造性；创造力
25．promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→promotion n．提升；推销；晋级
26．application n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→apply vt.& vi.申请；应用→applicant n．申请人
27．proposal n．提议；建议→propose vt.提议；建议
28．establish vt.建立；创立→establishment n．建立；创立
29．limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→limited adj.有限的；受限制的→limitless adj.无限的；无尽的
30．prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→prevention n．防止；预防→preventive adj.预防性的；防备的
31．loss n．丧失；损失→lose vt.丢失→lost adj.迷路的；失去的
32．contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→contribute vi.& vt.捐献；捐助
34．donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠；赠送→donor n．捐赠者；捐赠人
35．disappear vi.消失；灭绝；消亡→disappearance n．消失；灭绝→(反义词)appear vi.出现→appearance n．出现；外表
36．professional adj.专业的；职业的 n．专业人员；职业选手→profession n．专业；职业→professor n．教授
37．tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→traditional adj.传统的
38．comparison n．比较；相比→compare vt.& vi.与……相比较
39．illegal adj.不合法的；非法的→illegally adv.不合法地；非法地→legal adj.合法的
40．alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n．恐慌；警报；警报器→alarmed adj.害怕的
41．extinct adj.已灭绝的→extinction n．灭绝
42．aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的→awareness n．意识→unaware adj.未发觉的；不知道的
43．endanger vt.使遭受危险；危害→endangered adj.濒危的→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的
44．concern vt.涉及；让……担忧→concerned adj.担心的；关切的→concerning prep.关于
45．adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合→adaptation n．适应；改编本→adaptable adj.适应性强的
46．beauty n．美；美人；美好的东西→beautiful adj.美丽的；美好的→beautify vt.美化
47．effective adj.有效的；生效的→effect n．效果；影响→affect vt.影响；侵袭
48．recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回→recovery n．恢复
49．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→intention n．意图；打算
50．threat n．威胁→threaten vt.威胁；危及
51．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
52．unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的→usual adj.常见的，寻常的
53．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→convenience n．方便→inconvenience n．不便
54．benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有益的
55．distance n．距离→distant adj.遥远的；疏远的→distantly adv.疏远地
56．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；使人振奋的→inspired adj.受启发的；受鼓舞的→inspiration n．灵感；启发
57．access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取→accessible adj.可以进入的；可以使用的
58．privacy n．隐私；私密→private adj.私人的；秘密的→privately adv.私下地
59．theft n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪→thief n．小偷
60．rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely adv.粗鲁地→rudeness n．粗鲁，粗暴
61．false adj.假的；错误的→fault n．错误；瑕疵
62．embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→embarrassed adj.感到难堪(尴尬)的→embarrassment n．尴尬
随堂练习
一
1．During the forum，Dong Qing，a famous who often wonderful programs，shared her experience of creating the reader.(host)
2．My sister is a girl，so we know that once she has determined to do something，she will make her dream come true with great .(determine)
3．Though the art show to attract as many visitors as we had expected，it was far from being a failure；it was a great success.(fail)
4．The official is more aware of than before and he works out in gyms to keep regularly.(fit)
5．More than 10,000 from different countries came to Beijing and with each other in the
games for medals.(compete)
6． Amazingly，the more the job is，the better your performance will be.In other words，feeling
benefits your performance in a way.(stress)
7．The soldier got in the battle and suffered a serious in the left ankle.(injure)
【答案】1.hostess ，hosts 2.determined ，determination3.failed ，failure4.fitness ，fit 5.competitors ，competed ，competitive 6.stressful ，stressed 7.injured ，injury
二
1． People were to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The news
all the people around.(shock)
2． (bury) in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part-time job.
3．We measured the of the living room and found it was 6.3 meters .(long)
4．With the government’s aid，those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to new shelters.
5．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of .Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors.(survive)
6．Both of the ways are (effect) and which one to choose is really a matter of personal preference.
7．The disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 up to now.(dead)
【答案】1.shocked ，shocking ，shocked 2.Buried3.length ，long4.affected5.survival，surviving ，survivors
6.effective7.deaths
三
1．The (major) of the students are interested in her class，which makes her happy.
2．I would like to express my (appreciate) to those who always give me timely help and encouragement when I’m trapped by the flood.
3．All men are born ，so everyone hopes to be treated because is the essential demand.(equal)
4．It was a challenging and (demand) job，but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts.
5．Would you like to give a detailed (describe) of the rescue in which you saved 4 dogs?
6．I was wandering in a subway station when I saw a for food.(beg)
7．We our theory on the of practice，considering some factors.(base)
【答案】1.majority2.appreciation3.equal，equally ，equality 4.demanding5.description6.beggar begging7.based ，basis ，basic
四
1． The young man a machine to solve the tricky problem ，and thus he was considered to be a
person.(create)
2．Some are filling in forms to for a well-paid job.(apply)
3．Knowledge is ，but my memory me to remember only information.(limit)
4．The instant the old gardener ，all the girls picking flowers ran in all directions and
soon .(disappear)
5． is better than cure，so we must take measures to COVID-19 from spreading.(prevent)
6．The generously food and money to the poor family and his helped them go through the hard time.(donate)
7．The father that his daughter should accept her boyfriend’s .(propose)
【答案】1.created ，creatively，creative 2.applicants ，application ，to apply 3.limitless，limits ，limited 4.appeared，disappeared5.Prevention ，preventive ，prevent 6.donor ，donation 7.proposed ，proposal
五
1．When an old man sounded the ，the whistle made many people .(alarm)
2．Between 150 and 200 species are becoming every year.This mass is caused by hunting.(extinct)
3．Mother is always about me.However，I wasn’t aware of her when I was a kid.(concern)
4．In fact，kids are very and they can soon to living in kindergartens.You should have confidence in their .(adapt)
5．We all love the environment，and therefore，we should it instead of destroying its .(beauty)
6．The party was specially for her，but she didn’t appreciate my good .(intend)
7．There a strange cave on the hill，but no one knows when it came into .(exist)
【答案】1.alarm，alarming ，alarmed2.extinct ，extinction 3.concerned ，concern 4.adaptable ，adapt ，adaptation5.beautiful ，beautify ，beauty6.intention7.exists ，existence
六
1．I’m sorry for the caused by mistakes.Is it for you to come on Thursday？If not，you can come at your .(convenient)
2．The club is to those who want to learn Chinese.Join it，and you will a lot from it.(benefit)
3．My parents live in a city but the Internet removes the in a way.(distant)
4．Hearing his speech，I was greatly .It gave me an that I should start my own business.(inspire)
5．The website is not to all people；only those who know the password have to it.(access)
6．Parents should respect their children’s instead of reading their letters .(privacy)
7．The girl felt when seeing the pictures.She turned away with .(embarrass)
【答案】1.inconvenience ，convenient ，convenience2.beneficial ，benefit 3.distant ，distance 4.inspiring ，inspired，inspiration 5.accessible ，access 6.privacy ，private ，privately7.embarrassed ，embarrassing ，embarrassment
随堂练习
一
1. He felt _________ (confuse) at the news.
2. She is recovering from a knee _________ (injure).
3. Tom took the examination with full _________ (confident).
4. The letter wasn’t addressed to him, but he opened it out of _________ (curious).
5. Remember to dress _________ (formal) for the evening party tonight.
6. _________ (actual), a large number of people own cars in our hometown.
7. It’s _________ (challenge) to give a speech for the first time as a freshman.
8. Nothing is a waste if you have a _________ (create) mind.
9. For students studying abroad, cooking is an essential _________ (survive) skill.
10. The cherry blossoms in Wuhan University is a main tourist _________ (attract).
【答案】
1.confused2.injury3.confidence4.curiosity5.formally6.Actually7.challenging8.creative9.survival10.attraction
定语从句
定语从句是高考的重点和热点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：
①正确使用关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)
②介词＋ which/whom引导的定语从句
③that不能引导非限制性定语从句



考点1
概念
1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)
这是值得参观的地方。
Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语)
许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子)
我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。
2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。
Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city..
↓


考点2
限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达
与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that
不可用关系代词that
关系代词that，who，which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略
关系代词不可以省略
关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代
关系代词不能替代
读时不停顿
读时停顿，用降调
只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子
既可修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，有逗号分开，只能由which, who或as引导
People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人长寿。
(限制性定语从句，说明要长寿需进行体育锻炼。先行词是people，若把从句who take physical exercise去掉，句子就失去所表达的意义“进行体育锻炼的人”)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
(非限制性定语从句，who is in Boston now对先行词daughter进行补充说明，若把其去掉，主句意义“他的女儿下周将来家”仍然完整)

单句语法填空/单句写作
①Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
②Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
③昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点儿也不知道。
.
④他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。(非限制性定语从句)
.
【答案】1.that/which 2.which3.I know nothing that happened last night.
4.He was generous with his time，which I was grateful for.

考点3
正确使用关系词
1.关系代词
关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
who
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(＝of
whom/
of which)
人或物
定语
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as
人或物
主语、宾语
Do you know the man that/whom Mr.White introduced just now?怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？
Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer.我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。
【名师指津】　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。
Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。
2．关系副词
关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。
关系副词
先行词
句法功能
when (＝in/at/on/...＋which)
时间
时间状语
where (＝in/at/on/...＋which)
地点
地点状语
why(＝for which)
原因
原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)
The time when (at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。
The school where (at which) I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.
那所学校离这里有3 千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。
There are various reasons (for which) why people write poetry.人们写诗有各种各样的理由。
【名师指津】　先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
单句语法填空
①In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
②Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to earth.
③Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am. to 5 pm. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
she opened with her late husband Les.
④They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
⑤On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.
⑥The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】1.whose 2.where 3.which4.who that 5.that/which6.who
3．“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句
构成
句法功能
用法指津
介词(短语)＋关系代词
状语
关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略
介词＋关系代词＋名词
状语
关系代词常用which 和whose
名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词
主语
可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词
主语
数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换
The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。
Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。
4．as, which与that的用法区别
(1)七种只用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。
②当先行词被the only，the last，the very 等修饰时。
This is the very book that I want.这正是我想要的书。
③当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
The present time is the best gift that you can give yourself.当前的时光是你能给自己的最好的礼物。
④当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
Don’t trust the first sign that you see.不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。
⑤当先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事。
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the car that you bought last week?你上周买的哪辆车？
⑦当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Jack is not the man that he was.杰克不是过去的他了。
用正确的关系词填空
①We all like our English teacher, from we have learned a lot.
②I will never forget the day on we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.
③The food was for her mother, couldn’t go down to meet him.
④For instance，in Lima，the capital of Peru，there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，about 70 percent of were set up by local doctors.
【答案】1.whom 2.which 3.who 4.which

一、完成句子。
根据语境，用适当的关系代词填空。
1. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
2. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
3. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
4. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
5. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
6. I live in Beijing, ____is the capital of China.
7. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
8. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
9. It was about 600 years ago____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
10. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized you.
11. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
12. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
13. What else was there in my brother____ you didn't like?
14. He lives in the room____ window faces to the south.
15. This is Mr. John for____ son I brought a book yesterday.
【答案】1. which 2. that/which 3. that 4. that/which 5. which 6. which 7. that
8. that 9. that 10. (that) 11.that 12.that 13. that 14.whose 15. whose
(1)单句语法填空
①I will never forget the days ________ we stayed together in the countryside.
②Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of a pet cat ________ which he's grown so fond.
③The reason ________ he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.
④The house ________ which he paid 200,000 yuan is now worth 350,000 yuan.
⑤—Are you getting on well with your partner?
—Not at all. We've almost come to the point ________ we have to separate.
【答案】①when　②of　③why　④for　⑤where
用关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”将下列每对句子合并成一个句子
①Your mother is talking to the boy. Do you know him.
__________________________________________________________________
②The factory is far away from my hometown. His father works there.
__________________________________________________________________
③I didn't come this morning. The reason was that it rained heavily.
__________________________________________________________________
④Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes. All of them were beautiful.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤You solve the problem in this way. I don't like it.
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】①Do you know the boy to whom your mother is talking？　②The factory where/in which his father works is far away from my hometown.　③The reason why/for which I didn't come this morning was that it rained heavily.　④Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were beautiful.　⑤I don't like the way in which you solve the problem.

二．被动语态
被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子时态的不同而变化。

现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is/am/are done
was/were done
will/shall be done
would/should be done
进行
is/am/are being done
was/were being done
will/shall be being done
would/should be being done
完成
have/has been done
had been done
will/shall have been done
would/should have been done

Xiao Ming’s Cellphone
Xiao Ming’s cellphone was broken① by his father yesterday evening.I couldn’t get through to him because the cellphone was being repaired② then.Before this，his cellphone had been broken③ four times because he was careless.Xiao Ming liked cellphone games so much that he didn’t study hard.　
Cellphones are widely used④ nowadays.However，many of them are being used⑤ to play games by teenagers.So far，many questions have been raised⑥by their parents.Should they be used⑦ by students?
Xiao Ming’s cellphone will be repaired⑧ well soon.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphone will have been brought⑨ home and will be being used⑩ to play games again.
①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。
②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。
③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：had been＋过去分词。
④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。
⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am are＋being＋过去分词。
⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。
⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。
⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。
⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋be being＋过去分词。

2.主动形式表被动意义
(1)“系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste 等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。
The steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。
(2)动词need, require, want, be worth后加动词－ing形式的主动结构表被动意义。
My watch can’t work; it needs repairing.我的手表不能用了，需要修了。
(3)某些可和well，easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如read，write, draw，wash，clean，cook，sell 等。
Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易清洗。
一．单句语法填空
①The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms.
②The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
③And，as more children were born，more food (need)．
④This English saying has much truth in it：the best place (surround) by our loved ones and with a roof over our head.
⑤On the last day of our week－long stay，we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】1.are called2.be chosen3.was needed4.is surrounded5.were invited
二．单句语法填空
1．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
2．My washing machine repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
3．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming， (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
4．If you leave the club，you (not，allow) back in.
5．I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit (ruin)．
【答案】1.had been trapped2.is being repaired3.is regarded4.won’t be allowed5.was ruined
语法填空
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________ (remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2.____________ (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said，“you 4.____________ (be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.____________ (accept)you for who you 6.____________ (be)．But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.____________ (inspire)by her words.Over the past few months，I 8.____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.____________ (love)me for who I am.
Now, seeing Kaiya cry，I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________ (tell)me.
【语篇解读】　英语老师的鼓励让我充满自信。我决定把她的方法用来帮助我的好友。
1．reminds根据第一句的时态可推知，本空应该用一般现在时，又因为主语为She，故答案为reminds
2．was　根据语境中的In the past可知，设空处用一般过去时，故答案为was
3．pointed　根据后面的laughed可知，设空处为pointed。
4．are　本句为直接引语，故用一般现在时。
5．will accept　结合下文的then how will other people accept you可知，答案为will accept。
6．are　由上下文语境可知，应填are。
7．was inspired　设空处表示过去的事情且主语与inspire为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．have learned(learnt)　根据前面的Over the past few months可知，设空处用现在完成时。
9．love　“who 9.________(love)me for who I am”为定语从句，先行词为 friends 且设空处说的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故答案为love。
10．told　“Miss Li 10.________ (tell)me”为定语从句，设空处表示过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
语法填空

一
(2022-2023学年福建师范大学附属中学)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've had my fair share of travelling around China, and a recent week-long trip to Guizhou was my first time to the province. I tried looking up the meaning and importance of the name Guizhou before the trip, ___69___ （basic）to have a reasonable idea of what was in store for me. But that was ___70___ hard task so I asked a Chinese coworker about the trip. From what she said, long ago the province ___71___ （name）after a famous mountain called "Gui", kind of noble and honorable in literal translation and "zhou", ___72___ simply means province in Chinese. ___73___ （keep）that in mind, I set out on a journey of discovery and what I found was attractive, a photographer's paradise（天堂圣地）. Generally described as a mountainous province in southwestern China, with Guiyang as ___74___ （it）capital, the province is truly one of nature's best kept secrets. Compared to other leading ___75___ （province）in China, when it comes ___76___ development, Guizhou has some catching-up ___77___ （do）. However, the province remains unique not only for is amazing landscape（风景） ___78___ for the role it played in the political history of modern China and the role it is to play in the world as well.
【答案】69. basically 70. a 71. was named 72. which 73. Keeping 74. its 75. provinces 76. to 77. to do 78. but
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过作者的贵州之旅向我们说明了虽然在发展方面，贵州还有一些需要追赶的地方，但贵州省的独特之处在于其令人惊叹的景观和它在现代中国政治史上所扮演的角色以及它在世界上所扮演的角色。
69考查副词。句意：在旅行之前，我试着查找贵州这个名字的含义和重要性，基本上是为了合理地了解一下会有什么样的事情等待着自己。使用副词作状语修饰动词不定式to have， basic的副词是basically。故填basically。
70考查冠词。句意：但这是一项艰巨的任务，所以我向一位中国同事询问了这次旅行的情况。task为可数名词，此处泛指一个任务，应用不定冠词，hard是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a，a hard task表示“一项艰难的任务”。故填a。
71考查动词时态和语态。句意：据她所说，很久以前，这个省是以一座名为“贵”的名山命名的，直译表示有几分高贵的意思，“州”直译在汉语中的意思是“省”。根据句中的long ago可知，讲述的是过去的事情，并且主语the province与name之间是被动关系，且the province为单数，因此谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，be named after"以...来命名"。故填was named。
72考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据她所说，很久以前，这个省是以一座名为“贵”的名山命名的，直译表示有几分高贵的意思，“州”直译在汉语中的意思是“省”。分析句子结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“zhou”，在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
73考查非谓语动词。句意：牢记这一点，我踏上了探索之旅，我发现这是一个迷人的摄影师天堂。分析句子结构可知，keep应使用非谓语动词形式，它与句子主语I为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Keeping。
74考查物主代词。句意：通常被描述为中国西南部的一个多山省份，以贵阳为省会，这个省确实是大自然保护的最好的秘密之一。修饰名词capital作定语应该使用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词是its。故填its。
75考查名词。句意： 与中国其他领先省份相比，在发展方面，贵州还有一些需要追赶的地方。province是可数名词，前面有other修饰，因此 province应该变复数。故填provinces。
76考查介词。句意： 与中国其他领先省份相比，在发展方面，贵州还有一些需要追赶的地方。这里考查固定句型when it comes to…，意为“当谈到……”。故填to。
77考查非谓语动词。句意：与中国其他领先省份相比，在发展方面，贵州还有一些需要追赶的地方。分析句子结构可知，这里是用不定式to do作后置定语修饰some catching-up，表示将来。故填to do。
78.考查固定结构。句意：然而，该省的独特之处不仅在于其令人惊叹的景观，还在于它在现代中国政治史上所扮演的角色以及它在世界上所扮演的角色。not only…but (also)…为固定短语，意为“不但……而且……”，连接了两个并列的短语for is amazing landscape和for the role，also可以省略。故填but。
二
(2022-2023学年广东省惠州市)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese characters are so amazing that even many foreigners are crazy about them. For the past three decades, Richard Sears has been focused on one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters. His interest in Chinese language and characters ____46____ (date) back to 1972, when he was ____47____ 22-year-old physics major in the USA.
He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology, ____48____ visitors can check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of ____49____ (form) for free. Because of this well-received website, he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname which ____50____ (give) by Chinese netizens.
In September, Sears set up his studio in Nanjing as part of the local government’s plan to promote Chinese culture. ____51____ (help) both Chinese and foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters, the studio concentrates ____52____ telling stories behind Chinese characters with the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles (字幕) for Bilibili, a popular video website among young people. ____53____ (watch) the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters, leaving them a deep ____54____ (impress).
With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government’s support, more people will appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters ____55____ (full).
【答案】46. dates 47. a 48. where 49. forms 50. was given 51. to help 52. on
53. Watching 54. impression 55. fully
【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了热爱汉字的外国人理查德在网上建立一个网站给大家提供免费学习汉字发展的机会。
46考查动词时态。句意：他对汉字的兴趣可以追溯到1972年，当时22岁的他在美国主修物理。“追溯到”是固定短语“date back to”，用一般现在时，主语interest是单数，谓语动词也用单数，故填dates。
47考查冠词。句意：他对汉字的兴趣可以追溯到1972年，当时22岁的他在美国主修物理。“一个22岁的人”是“a 22-year-old”，用冠词，故填a。
48考查定语从句。句意：他在2002年创建了一个网站，并将其命名为“中国词源学”，访问者可以免费查看各种形式的汉字的发展。“website”是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where引导非限定性定语从句，故填where。
49考查名词。句意：他在2002年创建了一个网站，并将其命名为“中国词源学”，访问者可以免费查看各种形式的汉字的发展。“各种各样”是固定短语“a variety of”后面用名词复数，故填forms。
50考查时态和语态。句意：因为这个广受欢迎的网站，他被中国网民称为“汉字叔叔”。“一个外号”和“给”是被动关系，用被动语态，became提示用一般过去时，关系词替代先行词a nickname，在定语从句中作主语，是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was given。
51考查非谓语动词。句意：今年9月，西尔斯在南京设立了自己的工作室，这是当地政府推广中国文化帮助中外学习者更好地理解汉字计划的一部分。动词不定式表示目的，故填to help。
52考查介词。句意：今年9月，西尔斯在南京设立了自己的工作室，这是当地政府推广中国文化帮助中外学习者更好地理解汉字计划的一部分，该工作室专注于借助技术讲述汉字背后的故事。“关注”是固定短语“concentrate on”，故填on。
53考查非谓语动词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来了乐趣，也让人们更多地了解汉字，给他们留下深刻的印象。动名词作主语，故填Watching。
54考查名词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来了乐趣，也让人们更多地了解汉字，给他们留下深刻的印象。形容词修饰名词，“一个深刻的印象”是a deep impression，故填impression。
55考查副词。句意：在Richard Sears等人的不懈努力和政府的支持下，更多的人将会充分欣赏到汉字的美丽。副词修饰动词，“充分”fully修饰“欣赏”appreciate，故填fully。
三
(2022-2023学年广东省中山市)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mario Loutef had little sleep over the four days leading up to Saturday, when he piled his ____36____(ruin) belongings in the street outside his home in Princeton, B.C. A large part of his community ____37____(destroy) when the Tulameen River overflowed (漫过) its banks, ____38____(flood) homes and forcing people to evacuate. The community still remains on an evacuation alert (戒备状态) but for many, like Loutef, the damage couldn’t get any ____39____(bad).
A thick coat of black earth has covered everything on the ____40____(one) floor of Loutef's home. He has been working around ____41____ clock since he was allowed access. Boards have been torn off walls, on ____42____ a dirty line about 2 meters up shows how high the water rose.
Loutef's ____43____(lose) was great. “I almost lost everything. I don't know where to start. I don't know where it's going to end,” said Loutef, who has lived in the home for the past four years.
Loutef is working alone but Lisa Brosseau has got some help Many ____44____(resident) of Princeton are going from house to house offering a hand to those ____45____ are in need.
【答案】36. ruined 37. was destroyed 38. flooding 39. worse 40. first 41. the 42. which
43. loss 44. residents 45. who
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。普林斯顿遭遇洪灾，Mario Loutef的家被淹没了，居民们损失惨重。
36考查非谓语动词。句意：Mario Loutef在周六之前的四天里几乎没有睡过觉，他把自己被毁的东西堆放在他位于普林斯顿的家外的街道上。分析句子可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词belongings，动词ruin与逻辑主语belongings之间是被动关系，因而用过去分词形式作定语。故填ruined。
37考查时态和语态。句意：图拉米恩河漫过了堤岸，他的社区大部分被摧毁，河水淹没了房屋，迫使人们撤离。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少主句谓语，由从句时态可知主句为一般过去时，主句主语为community，动词destroy与主语之间是动宾关系，因而用被动语态。故填was destroyed。
38考查非谓语动词。句意：图拉米恩河漫过了堤岸，他的社区大部分被摧毁，河水淹没了房屋，迫使人们撤离。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语作状语，动词flood与其逻辑主语the Tulameen River之间是主谓关系，因而用现在分词形式。故填flooding。
39考查形容词比较级。句意：社区仍然处于疏散警戒状态，但对许多人来说，比如Loutef，损失再严重不过了。否动词+比较级表达最高级的含义。故填worse。
40考查序数词。句意：一层厚厚的黑土覆盖了Loutef家一楼的所有东西。“第几层”用序数词+floor表示。故填first。
41考查冠词。句意：自从被允许进入以来，他一直在夜以继日地工作。短语around the clock表示“夜以继日地”。故填the。
42考查定语从句关系词。句意：墙面被冲刷掉了，在那上面有一条大约2米高的脏痕，显示水涨得有多高。分析句子结构可知，设空处与介词on构成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导定语从句，先行词为walls，指物，因而设空处需填入which。故填which。
43考查名词。句意：Loutef的损失惨重。分析句子可知，设空处需填入名词作主语，lose的名词是loss，为不可数名词。故填loss。
44考查名词的数。句意：普林斯顿的许多居民挨家挨户地向那些需要帮助的人伸出援助之手。根据设空处前的Many及后面的are可知，设空处需填入名词复数，resident表示“居民”，为可数名词。故填residents。
45考查定语从句关系词。句意：普林斯顿的许多居民挨家挨户地向那些需要帮助的人伸出援助之手。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，因而可用who/that引导。因为先行词是those，只可以使用who引导。故填who。
四
(2022-2023学年广东省珠海市)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Brazilian swimmer Daniel Dias was a late bloomer (大器晚成的人). He took up swimming at 16 after watching his fellow Brazilian swimmer Clodoaldo Silva win seven medals at the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games. As it turns out, Dias, ____42____ was born with a partially formed left hand, a right arm that ends at the elbow, and a right leg that stops at the knee, was a natural at ____43____ sport.
Two years after ____44____ (he) first swim lesson, Dias ____45____ (win) five medals at the 2006 World Championships. Since then, the talented swimmer ____46____ (compete) in four Paralympics—from Beijing 2008 to Tokyo 2020-and won 27 medals, including 14 gold. He retired after the Tokyo 2020 Games, ____47____ he will remain active in the sport by training other ambitious ____48____ (swimmer) with physical disabilities.
“What defines each of us is what is within us, and within us, there is a very great force capable ____49____ fulfilling big dreams, great goals,” said Dias. “And that for me is what I would like to leave as a legacy. People understand that we are ____50____ (difference), but we are equal at the same time in capacity. For me, it would be very ____51____ (amaze) for us to break this barrier of prejudice (偏见的障碍).”
【答案】42. who 43. the 44. his 45. won 46. has competed 47. but 48. swimmers
49. of 50. different 51. amazing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍巴西残疾游泳运动员Daniel Dias的成就，及对残疾运动员的启迪。
42考查非限制性定语从句。句意：事实证明，Dias出生时左手部分成型，右臂末端在肘部，右腿末端在膝盖处，他是这项运动的天才。根据句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dias，指人，用关系代词who指代先行词，在从句中作主语，故填who。
43考查冠词。句意：事实证明，Dias出生时左手部分成型，右臂末端在肘部，右腿末端在膝盖处，他是这项运动的天才。根据句意可知，此处特指“游泳”这项运动，故用定冠词the，故填the。
44考查代词。句意：在他第一次上完游泳课两年后，迪亚斯在2006年世锦赛上赢得了五枚奖牌。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处需填形容词性物主代词his，修饰名词短语swim lesson，故填his。
45考查时态。句意：在他第一次上完游泳课的两年后，迪亚斯在2006年世锦赛上赢得了五枚奖牌。根据句意可知，此句描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。此处应填谓语动词的过去式，故填won。
46考查现在完成时。句意：从那时起，这位才华横溢的游泳运动员参加了从2008年北京奥运会到2020年东京奥运会的四届残奥会，并赢得了27枚奖牌，其中包括14枚金牌。根据时间状语Since then可知，时态用现在完成时。主语是单数名词swimmer，故填has competed。
47考查连词。句意：虽然他在2020年东京奥运会后退役，但他将通过训练其他雄心勃勃的、身体残疾的游泳运动员来继续活跃在这项运动中。根据句意可知，前后两句语义相反，应填连词but，表示转折，故填but。
48考查名词的数。句意：虽然他在2020年东京奥运会后退役，但他将通过训练其他雄心勃勃的、身体残疾的游泳运动员来继续活跃在这项运动中。other修饰可数名词复数。根据句意，此处应指“其他雄心勃勃的残疾运动员”，故用可数名词复数，故填swimmers。
49考查介词。句意：迪亚斯说：“定义我们每个人的是我们内在的东西，在我们内心，有一股非常强大的力量能够实现伟大的梦想，伟大的目标”。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语be capable of doing sth.，表示“有能力做某事”，故填of。
50考查形容词。句意：人们明白我们是不同的，但我们在能力上是平等的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词different，作表语，对故填different。
51考查形容词。句意：我来说，打破这种偏见的障碍对我们来说是非常令人惊叹的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词，作表语。主语是it，指代to break this barrier of prejudice这件事，故此处填amazing，表示“令人惊叹的、惊奇的”，故填amazing。
五
(2022-2023学年山东省临沂市)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Forbidden City, the Palace Museum, which ___32___ （be）once the Chinese imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties（1368-1911）, lies in the city center of Beijing. It is the ___33___ （large）, best-preserved ancient timber-built palace complex in the world.
Built between 1406 and 1420, the Forbidden City was home to 24 emperors and their families. It acted ___34___ the ceremonial and political center of ancient Chinese government throughout 500 years.
Rectangular in shape, the Forbidden City, ___35___ covers an area of 72 hectares, is not only an enormous architectural masterpiece, but also a museum housing a unique collection of 1.8 million pieces of art, including ancient calligraphy works, Chinese ___36___ （painting）and ancient books.
As ___37___ popular tourist site, the Forbidden City is the world's most visited museum. And it is possible ___38___ （visit）the Forbidden City and appreciate the precious ___39___ （culture）heritage of China in half to one day. You ___40___ （recommend）to tour the major palaces along the central axis； if you have interest in ___41___ （explore）more on the west and east wings, a whole day would be enough for a thorough visit.
【答案】32. was 33 largest 34. as 35 which 36. paintings 37. a 38. to visit 39. cultural 40. are recommended 41. exploring
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了紫禁城的历史，现存情况以及给读者一些游览紫禁城的建议。
32考查时态。句意：紫禁城，又叫故宫博物院。它曾经是明清时代中国的皇宫，现位于北京城中心。根据句型分析，此空应填为从句的谓语，再根据once推断，时态应用过去时且从句主语为the Palace Museum为第三人称单数。故填was。
33考查形容词最高级。句意：它是世界上最大的，保存最好的木制宫殿建筑群。根据句型分析，由后文 best-preserved和in the world可推断，这里应用形容词最高级，表在世界上是最大的。故填largest。
34考查介词。句意：它作为古代中国的礼仪和行政中心贯穿中国历史500年。根据句型分析，此处考固定短语搭配act as 表“担任…角色，扮演”。故填as。
35考查非限制性定语从句。句意：整体方形结构，紫禁城覆盖面积72公顷，是一个巨大的建筑杰作。根据句型分析可知，此处考查非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺主语，指代前面the Forbidden City。故填which。
36考查名词的数。句意：紫禁城是一个拥有1800万件藏品的博物馆，其中包括古代书法著作，中国画和古籍。根据句型分析，works、books和此空名词是并列关系，所以应填名词复数，表泛指。故填paintings。
37考查冠词。句意：作为一个受欢迎的旅游景点，紫禁城是参观次数最多的博物馆。根据句型分析，tourist site表旅游景点为可数名词，且第一次提到，所以前面应加不定冠词修饰，popular 发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
38考查非谓语。句意：用半天到一天来参观紫禁城和欣赏中国珍贵的文化遗产是可能的。根据句型分析，此处考固定短语搭配it is adj to do sth 表“做某件事怎么样”，其中，it为形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语，故填 to visit。
39考查形容词。句意见上题解析。由此空后面的heritage可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词heritage。故填cultural。
40考查被动语态。句意：建议你沿着中心轴参观主要的宫殿。分析句型可知，此空应填谓语动词，在根据句意知，you和recommend为被动关系，用被动语态，且结合语境此空应用一般现在时。故填are recommended。
41考查非谓语。句意：如果你对探索更多东西两边建筑感兴趣，一次全面参观花一整天就够了。根据句型分析，be interested in doing sth 为固定短语表“对做某事感兴趣”，in为介词，接动名词作宾语。故填exploring。