初中数学北京课改版七年级下册7.2 实验精品同步练习题
展开试卷类型:A
咸阳市实验中学2021~2022学年度第一学期第三次月考
七年级数学试题
注意事项:
1.本试卷分为第一部分(选择题)和第二部分(非选择题)。全卷共4页,总分120分。考试时间120分钟。
2.领到试卷和答题卡后,请用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔,分别在试卷和答题卡上填写姓名和准考证号,同时用2B铅笔在答题卡上填涂对应的试卷类型信息点(A或B)。
3.请在答题卡上各题的指定区域内作答,否则作答无效。
4.作图时,先用铅笔作图,再用规定签字笔描黑。
5.考试结束,本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分(选择题 共24分)
一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,计24分.每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的)
1.下列各等式中,是一元一次方程的是( )
A. B. C. D.
2.若单项式与是同类项,则m的相反数为( )
A. B.3 C. D.2
3.下列说法正确的是( )
A.射线OA和射线AO是同一条射线 B.延长线段AB和延长线段BA的含义是相同的
C.经过两点可以画无数条直线 D.两点之间的所有连线中,线段最短
4.下列方程中,解为的是( )
A. B. C. D.
5.将50.26°用度、分、秒表示,正确的是( )
A. B. C. D.
6.已知,,则的值为( )
A.8 B. C.2 D.
7.如图,A地和B地都是海上观测站,A地在灯塔O的北偏东30°方向,,则B地在灯塔O的( )
A.东偏南30°方向 B.南偏东40°方向
C.南偏东50°方向 D.南偏西50°方向
8.用形状大小完全相同的正三角形和正方形按如图所示的规律拼图案,若第n个图案中三角形的个数比正方形的个数多802个,则n的值为( )
A.266 B.268 C.256 D.258
第二部分(非选择题 共96分)
二、填空题(共5小题,每小题3分,计15分)
9.若,则a的倒数是________.
10.单项式的系数是m,多项式的次数是n,则的值为________.
11.某地居民生活用水收费标准为:每月用水量不超过17立方米(含17立方米),每立方米a元;超过17立方米的部分每立方米()元,该地区某用户上个月的用水量为20立方米,则应缴水费为________元.(用含a的代数式表示)
12.如图,小明同学在参加“几何小能手”社团活动时,制作了一副(两个)与众不同的三角板,用它们可以画出一些特殊的角度.在①9°;②18°;③55°;④117°中,能用这副三角板画出的角度有________.(填序号)
13.我国古代数学名著《算法统宗》中,有一道“群羊逐草”的问题,大意是:牧童甲在草原上放羊,乙牵着一只羊来,并问甲:“你这群羊有100只吗?”甲说:“如果在这群羊上加上同样的一群,再加上半群,又加上四分之一群,再加上你的一只,才满100只.”问牧童甲赶着多少只羊?若设牧童甲赶着x只羊,则可列方程为________________________.
三、解答题(共13小题,计81分.解答应写出过程)
14.(5分)解方程:.
15.(5分)如图,已知点A、B和线段a,b,连接AB,利用尺规在BA的延长线上求作线段AC,使得.(不写作法,保留作图痕迹)
16.(5分)体育课上全班学生进行了百米测验,达标成绩为18秒,下面记录的是第一小组8名学生的成绩(用正数表示超过18秒的部分,用负数表示不足18秒的部分):,,,,0,,0,.求这一组学生的平均成绩.
17.(5分)一个三角形的第一条边长为,第二条边长比第一条边长小,第三条边长是第二条边长的2倍,用含x的代数式表示这个三角形的周长.
18.(5分)将一个半径为的圆分成三个扇形,其圆心角度数之比为1:3:5.
(1)求三个扇形的圆心角度数;
(2)求其中最小一个扇形的面积.(结果保留)
19.(5分)规定这样一种新运算法则:.如:.若,求x的值.
20.(5分)已知从n边形的一个顶点出发共有4条对角线;从m边形的一个顶点出发的所有对角线把m边形分成7个三角形;正t边形的边长为6,周长为48,求代数式的值.
21.(6分)全国足球联赛规定:胜一场得3分,平一场得1分,负一场不得分,某球队比赛了8场,踢平的场数是负的场数的2倍,共得17分,求该球队胜的场数.
22.(7分)已知,.
(1)化简;
(2)当,时,求的值.
23.(7分)如图,点C在线段AB上,点D是线段AC的中点,点E是线段BC的中点.
(1)若,,求DE的长;
(2)若,求AB的长.
24.(8分)已知方程与关于x的方程的解相同.
(1)求a的值;
(2)若a、b在数轴上对应的点在原点的两侧,且到原点的距离相等,c是最大的负整数,求的值.
25.(8分)如图所示,OB是的平分线,OD是的平分线.
(1)若,,求的度数;
(2)若,,求的度数.
26.(10分)如图,甲、乙两人(看成点)分别在数轴上和10对应的位置上,沿着数轴做东、西移动的游戏,移动游戏的规则为:用一枚硬币,先由乙抛掷后遮住,甲猜向上一面是正还是反,如果甲猜对了,甲向东移动3个单位,如果甲猜错了,甲向西移动3个单位;然后再由甲抛掷后遮住,乙猜向上一面是正还是反,如果乙猜对了,乙向西移动2个单位,如果乙猜错了,乙向东移动3个单位.两人各抛掷一次硬币并完成相应的移动算一次游戏.10次游戏结束后,甲猜对了m次,乙猜对了n次.
(1)请用含m、n的代数式表示当10次游戏结束时,甲、乙两人在数轴上的位置所表示的数;
(2)当甲、乙两人都猜对5次时,求甲、乙两人之间的距离;
(3)10次游戏结束后,若甲10次都猜对了,且两人在数轴上的位置恰好相距10个单位,求乙猜对的次数.
试卷类型:A
咸阳市实验中学2021~2022学年度第一学期第三次月考
七年级数学试题参考答案及评分标准
一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,计24分.每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的)
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B
二、填空题(共5小题,每小题3分,计15分)
9. 10.3 11. 12.①②④ 13.(其他形式正确均可)
三、解答题(共13小题,计81分.解答应写出过程)
14.解:去分母,得,······························································(2分)
去括号,得,·····································································(3分)
移项、合并同类项,得,····························································(4分)
系数化为1,得.···································································(5分)
15.解:如图所示,AC即为所求.·····················································(5分)
16.解:·········································································(3分)
(秒),
所以这一组学生的平均成绩是17.8秒.··················································(5分)
17.解:因为第一条边长为,第二条边长比第一条边长小,
所以第二条边长为,································································(2分)
所以第三条边长为.································································(4分)
,
所以这个三角形的周长为.···························································(5分)
18.解:(1),,·································································(1分)
,,
所以三个扇形的圆心角度数分别是40°,120°和200°.·······································(3分)
(2)最小扇形的面积为:.··························································(5分)
19.解:因为.
所以.··········································································(2分)
因为,
所以,··········································································(4分)
解得.··········································································(5分)
20.解:因为从n边形的一个顶点出发共有4条对角线,
所以.··········································································(2分)
因为从m边形的一个顶点出发的所有对角线把m边形分成7个三角形,
所以.··········································································(3分)
因为正t边形的边长为6,周长为48,
所以,··········································································(4分)
所以代数式.·····································································(5分)
21.解:设该球队负了x场,则踢平了场,
根据题意,得,···································································(3分)
解得,··········································································(5分)
则.
答:该球队胜的场数是5场.··························································(6分)
22.解:(1)因为,,
所以············································································(2分)
.··············································································(4分)
(2)当,时,
原式.··········································································(7分)
23.解:(1)因为点D是线段AC的中点,点E是线段BC的中点,,,
所以,,·········································································(2分)
所以.··········································································(3分)
(2)因为点D是线段AC的中点,点E是线段BC的中点,
所以,.·········································································(5分)
所以.
因为,
所以,即.·······································································(7分)
24.解:(1)解方程,
去分母,得,·····································································(1分)
去括号,得,
移项、合并同类项.得.
系数化为1,得.···································································(3分)
将代入,得,·····································································(4分)
解得.··········································································(5分)
(2)由题意得,,·································································(7分)
所以.··········································································(8分)
25.解:(1)因为OB是的平分线,OD是的平分线,
所以,,·········································································(2分)
所以.··········································································(3分)
(2)因为OD是的平分线,,
所以.··········································································(5分)
因为,
所以.··········································································(7分)
因为OB是的平分线,
所以.··········································································(8分)
26.解:(1)因为10次游戏结束后,甲猜对了m次,乙猜对了n次,
所以甲在数轴上的位置所表示的数为:;················································(1分)
乙在数轴上的位置所表示的数为:.····················································(2分)
(2)当甲、乙两人都猜对5次时,,
则甲在数轴上的位置所表示的数为······················································(3分)
乙在数轴上的位置所表示的数为,······················································(4分)
所以甲、乙两人之间的距离为(个)单位.···············································(5分)
(3)因为甲10次都猜对了,
所以10次游戏结束后,甲在数轴上的位置所表示的数为.····································(6分)
因为两人在数轴上的位置恰好是10个单位,
所以乙在数轴上的位置对应的数是或,··················································(7分)
所以或,·········································································(9分)
解得或,
所以乙猜对的次数是2次或6次.·······················································(10分)
陕西省咸阳市实验中学2022-2023学年七年级上学期第一次月考数学试题: 这是一份陕西省咸阳市实验中学2022-2023学年七年级上学期第一次月考数学试题,共8页。试卷主要包含了 本试卷分为第一部分, 领到试卷和答题卡后,请用0,5B, 有理数的相反数是______等内容,欢迎下载使用。
陕西省咸阳市实验中学2021-2022学年九年级上学期第二次月考数学试题(有答案): 这是一份陕西省咸阳市实验中学2021-2022学年九年级上学期第二次月考数学试题(有答案),共10页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分为第一部分,领到试卷和答题卡后,请用0等内容,欢迎下载使用。
陕西省咸阳实验中学2021-2022学年九年级上学期数学第三次月考试题(有答案): 这是一份陕西省咸阳实验中学2021-2022学年九年级上学期数学第三次月考试题(有答案),共10页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分为第一部分,领到试卷和答题卡后,请用0,反比例函数等内容,欢迎下载使用。