陕西省商洛市镇安县2021-2022学年学年八年级上学期期末考试数学试题
展开镇安县2021~2022学年度第一学期期末学业水平检测试题
八年级数学
注意事项:
1.本试卷共6页,满分100分,时间90分钟,学生直接在试题上答卷;
2.答卷前将装订线内的项目填写清楚.
一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,计24分.每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的)
1.下列图形中,不是轴对称图形的是( )
A. B. C. D.
2.已知中,和的平分线交于点O,则一定( )
A.大于直角 B.等于直角 C.小于直角 D.不能确定
3.下列说法中,正确的是( )
A.三角形的高在三角形的内部
B.有一条公共边的两个全等三角形一定关于这条公共边对称
C.两个图形关于某直线对称,则这两个图形一定分别位于这条直线的两侧
D.关于某直线对称的两个三角形一定全等
4.将一副直角三角尺如图所示放置,已知,则的度数是( )
A.80° B.75° C.65° D.60°
5.等腰三角形的两边长分别为和,则此三角形的周长是( )
A. B. C. D.或
6.在平面直角坐标系内,点O为坐标原点,,.若在该坐标平面内有一点P(不与点A、B、O重合)为一个顶点的直角三角形与全等,且这个以点P为顶点的直角三角形与有一条公共边,则所有符合条件的三角形个数为( )
A.3个 B.4个 C.6个 D.7个
7.下图都是由四个全等的小正方形组成.其中是轴对称图形的有( )
A.1个 B.2个 C.3个 D.4个
8.下列计算正确的是( )
A. B.
C. D.
二、填空题(共6小题,每小题3分,计18分.请把正确答案填写在横线上)
9.一个多边形的内角和比四边形的内角和多900°,这是一个_________边形.
10.如图,在中,,CD是高,,,则AB的长是_________.
11.已知是完全平方式,则m的值是_________.
12.如图所示,将三角形纸片沿DE折叠,点A落在点P处,已知,则是_________度.
13.如图所示,,,要使,则应添加的一个条件为_______(只写出一个符合条件的即可).
14.如图所示,在三角形中,已知BC的中点是D,AD的中点是E,CE的中点是F.若三角形的面积是12平方厘米,则三角形的面积是_______平方厘米.
三、解答题(15~17每小题6分,18~22每小题8分,计58分)
15.(6分)计算:
16.(6分)化简:
17.(6分)如图,中,DE是AC的垂直平分线,,的周长为14cm,求的周长.
18.(8分)如图,,,,,垂足分别为D,E.
(1)求证:;
(2)若,,求BE的长.
19.(8分)如图所示,在平面直角坐标系中,,,.
(1)在图中画出关于y轴的对称图形;
(2)写出点,,的坐标;
(3)计算的面积.
20.(8分)在日历上,我们可以发现其中某些数满足一定的规律,如图是2021年11月份的日历.如图所选择的两组四个数,分别将每组数中相对的两数相乘,再相减,例如:______,______,不难发现,结果都是______.
日 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
28 | 29 | 30 |
|
|
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(1)请将上面三个空补充完整;
(2)请你再选择两个类似的部分试一试,看看是否符合这个规律;
(3)请你利用整式的运算对以上的规律加以证明.
21.(8分)端午节期间,一商店经销某品牌粽子,五月份的营业额为2000元,为扩大销售,六月份该商店对这个品牌粽子打九折销售,结果销售量增加20件,营业额增加700元.
(1)求该品牌粽子五月份的销售价格;
(2)若粽子每件进价30元,该商店五、六月份销售该品牌粽子一共获利多少元?
22.(8分)如图,点A是将军和马居住的营帐,点B是一块儿指定的草地,一条小河L潺潺流过,P是将军带着马儿喝水的地方,P点在何处时,将军和马儿走过的路的值最小.
(1)请在图中画出最短路径,标出点P的位置;
(2)证明这时最小.
镇安县2021~2022学年度第一学期期末学业水平检测试题
八年级数学参考答案及评分标准
一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分)
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B
二、填空题(共6小题,每小题3分)
9.九 10.16 11.12 12.64 13.等 14.3
三、解答题(15~17每小题6分,18~22每小题8分,计58分)
15.计算:
解:原式·········································································(6分)
16.化简:
解:原式·········································································(6分)
17.解:∵DE是AC的垂直平分线,,
∴,.··········································································(3分)
又的周长为14cm
∴··············································································(6分)
18.(1)证明:,,,
∴
∴
∴··············································································(4分)
(2)∵ ∴
又,,
∴即············································································(8分)
19.解:(1)如图·································································(3分)
(2),,········································································(6分)
(3)···········································································(8分)
20.解:(1)48,48,48;··························································(3分)
(2)略··········································································(5分)
日 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
28 | 29 | 30 |
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(3)设这四个数中最小的数为n,以上规律可表示为
················································································(8分)
21.解:设该品牌粽子五月份的销售价格为x元,依题得:
解得············································································(4分)
(2)(件),
(元).·········································································(7分)
答:该商店五、六月份销售该品牌粽子一共获利2300元.····································(8分)
22.解:(1)如图,过点A作关于L的对称点
连接交L于点P,P点即为所求.························································(4分)
(2)证明:在L上另取一点
连接、,在中
∴最小.·········································································(8分)
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