第十三章动词-ing形式（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

这是一份第十三章动词-ing形式（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳，共9页。学案主要包含了动名词的定义，动词-ing 形式的句法作用，-ing分词的否定式，-ing分词常用于下列句型中，动名词的独立主格结构，-ing分词时态及语态等内容，欢迎下载使用。

知识梳理
一、动名词的定义
动词-ing形式分为两类:动名词和现在分词.动名词在句中起名词作用,现在分词在句中起形容词或副词作用.
动名词是一种动词的非谓语形式,它兼有动词和名词的特征,由动词原形加词尾-ing而成,其构成法与现在分词一样.动名词有时态和语态的变化.(以d为例)
二、动词-ing 形式的句法作用
从性质上讲,动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词.因此,它在句中可用作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语.
(一)作主语
动词-ing形式作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念,即泛指某种行为或动作.
Eating t much is bad fr yur health.吃得太多对身体健康有害.
Is playing basketball after lunch gd r bad fr yur health?吃完午饭就打篮球对身体健康有益还是有害?
Travelling abrad can widen ne's utlk.出国旅行会扩大人们的视野.
点拨
(1)动词-ing形式短语作主语,通常有两种位置:一是放在句首,如上述例句所示;一是用it作形式主语,而将-ing分词短语移到谓语部分之后,以避免句子结构头重脚轻.
Having his brther here will make him happier.
It will make him happier having his brther here.
让他的兄弟待在这里将会使他高兴一些.
Swimming in this river is dangerus.
It is dangerus swimming in this river.在这条河中游泳很危险.
(2)动词-ing形式作主语还可以用于“There is n+-ing形式”(····是不可能的)结构.
There is n smking here.这里不许吸烟.
There is n jking abut such matters.这件事开不得玩笑.
(二)作表语
动词-ing形式(短语)作表语有时起名词作用,泛指动作,有时起形容词作用,指主语的性质、状态.
His hbby is cllecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮.
The news is exciting.这消息令人兴奋.
The fd smells inviting.这道菜香味怡人.
My favurite sprt is playing table tennis.我最喜欢的运动是乒乓球.
The nly thing she is interested in is dancing.她唯一感兴趣的就是跳舞.
点拨
不要把作表语的-ing形式与进行时态相混淆.-ing形式作表语表示主语的某种特征,而进行时态则表示正在进行的动作.试比较:
Her jb is teaching.她的工作是教书.(teaching是表语)
She is teaching there nw.她正在那儿上课.(is teaching是现在进行时态)
(三)作定语
动词-ing形式作定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于被修饰词之前.
a wrking methd 工作方法 a dining car 餐车
a swimming pl 游泳池 building materials 建材
(四)作宾语
在某些动词:suggest, finish, avid, stp, can't help, mind(在乎),admit, advise, cnsider, deny, enjy, require, pstpne, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardn, miss(错过)等后面不能用不定式,而必须用动名词作为宾语.
I can't help laughing.我禁不住笑了起来.
Return the bk t the library as sn as yu finish reading it.你一看完这本书就还回图书馆.
He enjys watching TV plays.他喜欢看电视剧.
点拨
有些动词后既可用动名词,也可用不定式.
在动词lve, like, begin, start, cntinue等后,既可用动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,有时两种结构的意义差别不大.
(五)作宾语补足语
动词的-ing形式用作宾语补足语,常用在:see, hear, ntice, watch, keep, find, feel, get, have等动词之后,与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语;其中宾语和宾语补足语是主谓关系.
I saw him walking acrss the street.我看见他穿过街道.
He kept me waiting fr a lng time.他让我等了很长时间.
We watched the army marching dwn the street twards the park.我们观看部队沿街道朝公园行走.
I heard her playing the pian.我听见她在弹钢琴.
点拨
在see, hear, feel, watch, ntice等动词之后,既可用动词-ing形式也可用(不带t的)动词不定式作宾语补足语:如用动词-ing形式,通常表示动作正在进行;用动词不定式,则表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程.
(六)作状语
动词的-ing形式短语作状语时,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬,它可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作,相当于相对应的状语从句.
Seeing the teacher entering the rm, the students std up. =When the students saw the teacher entering the rm, they std up.学生(们)看见老师进房间,都站了起来.(两个动作同时发生)
Being ill, I went hme.=Because I was ill, I went hme.由于生病,我回家了.
The snw lasted a week, resulting in a serius traffic cnfusin in the whle area.=The snw lasted a week, s it resulted in a serius traffic cnfusin in the whle area.雪下了一个星期,造成整个地方的严重交通混乱.
Be careful when crssing the street.过马路时,要小心.
The students walked ut f the classrm, laughing and talking.学生们有说有笑走出教室.
点拨
动名词也可以和abut, against, at, befre, after, by, besides, fr, frm, in, n, upn, withut等介词构成短语,作状语用.
Withut saying gd-bye, she left him.未告别,她就离开了他.
After reading the passage twice, he began t d the exercises.这段文章看了两遍后,他就开始做练习了.
Upn returning frm Beijing, he went t visit his friend.从北京一回来,他马上就去拜访朋友.
三、-ing分词的否定式
-ing分词是动词的一种非限定形式,其否定式是一律在其前面加否定词“nt”或“never”构成.如:
I think it will d yu a lt f gd nt ging.我觉得不去对你会有好处的.
I left at nn, nt staying fr lunch.我是中午走的,没有留下来吃午饭.
I'm srry fr nt having infrmed yu f the meeting.抱歉没通知你开会.
I regret nt having gne tgether with her.我后悔没有跟她一起去.
四、-ing分词常用于下列句型中
It's n use... It's n gd...
Having difficulty/ truble... There is n...
It's n use ding experiments but nt cnsidering the results.不考虑结果做实验没有用.
It's n gd nt cmbining thery with practice.不把理论和实践结合就没有用.
I have truble running a lng distance.我跑长跑有困难.
There is n denying the fact that we are still backward.不容否认,我们仍然落后.
五、动名词的独立主格结构
-ing分词也可以用于独立主格结构,由“主格名词或代词＋-ing分词”构成,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等.
The clck striking eight, they began wrking.时钟敲了8响,他们就开始工作了.(表示时间)
The weather being fine, we went fr a walk.由于天气好,我们出去散散步.(表示原因)
Time permitting, we'll cme t see yu. 如果时间允许,我们就来看你.(表示条件)
也可由“with/withut+宾语＋-ing分词”构成独立主格结构,表示伴随情况.如:
Yu must nt sit with yur feet pinting at anther persn.坐着时不要把脚朝着别人.
六、动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语含义不同
部分动词可加动名词作宾语,也可加动词不定式作宾语,但意思不同,如:
(一)remember ding sth.表示“记得过去做过的一件事”,remember t d sth.表示“记得要去做某事”
I remember seeing him nce smewhere.我记得在哪里见过他一次.
Remember t see him befre he ges away.记住在他离开之前看他.
(二)regret ding sth.表示“对过去做过的事情后悔”,regret t d sth.表示“对还没做或将要做的事情表示遗憾”
I regret telling yu the bad news.我后悔把这个坏消息告诉你.
I regret t say I'm unable t help yu.很抱歉我不能帮助你.
(三)stp ding sth.表示“停止正在做的事情”,stp t d sth.表示“停止什么,然后去做另一件事情”
Let's stp talking abut it.咱们停止谈论这件事情吧.
We stpped t see what happened.我们停下来去看发生了什么事情.
(四)frget ding sth.表示“忘记曾做过某事”,frget t d sth.表示“忘记去做某事”
I frgt giving the letter t her.我忘了,已经把信给她了.
I frgt t pst the letter.我忘记发信了.
(五)try ding sth.表示“尝试着做某事”,try t d sth.表示“设法做某事”
Let's try ding the wrk sme ther way.我们用别的方法做这工作试试.
We must try t get everything dne in time.我们必须设法及时把一切搞好.
(六)mean ding sth.表示“意味着,意思是”,mean t d sth.表示“打算、想要”
This means helping yu.这意味着帮助你.
I mean t help him with it.我打算帮助他做这件事情.
七、一些与动词-ing 形式有关的短语
(一)表示有目的、有意识地进行练习或训练某项技能:d+(sme)+v.-ing
d sme reading 读读书 d sme running跑跑步d sme writing练练字
This year I am ging t d mre speaking.今年我要多练口语.
(二)表示做一些笼统、不具体指明的事:d+(sme)+v.-ing
d sme shpping 去商店买东西(不指明买哪样具体的东西)
d sme washing 洗东西 d sme cking 做饭
d sme cleaning 扫除 d sme sewing 缝纫
(三)“g+ v.-ing形式”大部分表示从事运动、消遣或娱乐活动
g dancing 去跳舞 g swimming去游泳
g skating 去滑冰 g skiing 去滑雪
g shting去射击 g bating去划船
g fishing去钓鱼 g hunting去打猎
g riding去骑马 g walking去散步
g running去跑步 g sailing去航海
八、-ing分词时态及语态
(一)-ing分词的特点:
-ing分词的时态分为一般式和完成式.一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作往往同时发生.完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.
He insisted n finishing the wrk befre ging hme.他坚持在回家前一定要先完成工作.
He didn't mentin having met me.他没提及已见到了我.
I still remember having ever wrked tgether with him.我还记得曾经与他一起共过事.
(二)-ing分词的语态
-ing分词的被动语态也有一般式和完成式两种.
The large huse being built near the factry is a new hspital.工厂附近正在施工的大楼是一座新的医院.
Having been sent t the wrng address, the letter did nt reach her.那封信投错了地址,她没有收到.
好题精练
选择填空
1.Taking pictures_________ very interesting.
2. _________ the bad news made him cry.
3. _________ a desert had always been a risk adventure.
4.Befre he came, I'd finished_________ the whle bk.
5.I always enjy_________ t ppular music at night.
6.We are cnsidering_________ a trip arund the island.
7.I hpe yu dn't mind_________ at yur newspaper.
8.When a man's heart stps_________, he dies.
9.I can't help_________ he is still alive.
10.S far as I am cncerned , I prefer reading
11.It ges withut_________ that knwledge is imprtant.
12.we are lking frward_________ ur friends next week.
13.He spent a lt f mney_________ bks and magazines.
14.The silkwrm is an insect wrth_________.
15.She went ut withut_________ gd-bye t us.
16.The curius student kept n_________ questins.
17.He is such a strange persn; there's_________ what he'll d next.
18.When she heard the bad news, she burst_________.
19.Yu must never crss the street withut_________ the light t turn green.
20.Scientists succeed_________ prtein ut f ld newspapers.
21.I became_________ after watching t much televisin.
22.I felt_________ by his interest in my new inventin.
23.He sat there_________ a nvel.
24.Dn't wake up the_________ child.
25.A prverb ges:"A_________ stne gathers n mss”.
26.The heavy rain kept us_________ fr tw hurs.
27.I fund a dg_________ ver by a car n the rad.
28.We fund the baby_________ n the flr.
29.Jack saw a wman_________ near the dg, s he walked up t her.
30.They gt their ca_________ at the garage.
31_________ with his reprt, I tld him t write it all ver again.
32. _________ ur shes in ur hands, we crssed the stream.
33. _________ my hmewrk, I went hme.
34. _________ the dr unlcked, I went in.
35. _________ a careless fellw, he frget all abut it.
答案:
1-5 ACCCB 6-10 DBBAD
11-15 CBBBC 16-20 BADCD
21-25 ADBCB 26-30 CBCDB
31-35 BBAAC主动语态
被动语态
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
A. is
B. are
C. t be
D. be
A. Hear
B. Heard
C. Hearing
D.Is hearing
A. being crssed
.Having crssed
C. Crssing
D. T have crssed
A. t read
B. t have read
C. reading
D. read
A. t listen
B. listening
C. that I can listen
D. if I can listen
A. take
B. t take
C. t be taking
D. taking
A.I lk
B. my lking
C.I lking
D. my t lk
A. t beat
B. beating
C .beat
D. beaten
A. thinking
B. think
C. t think
D. thught f
A. than meat
B. fr jy
C. instead f sleeping
D t drinking
A. talking
B. telling
C. saying
D. mentining
A .t see
B. t seeing
C. t be seeing
D. shall see
A. buy
B. buying
C. t buy
D. bught
A. t knw
B. knwing
C. t be knwn
D. being knwn
A. say
B. t say
C. saying
D. being said
A. asks
B. asking
C. t ask
D. asked
A. n knwing
B. nt t knw
C. nt knwn
D. being unknwn
A. int crying
B. ut t tears
C. crying
D. ut crying
A. waiting
B. t wait
C. waiting fr
D. t wait fr
A .t make
B. at making
C. making
D. in making
A. bred
B. bring
C. bre
D. bres
A. encurage
B t encurage
C. was encuraged
D. encuraged
A. read
B. reading
C. reads
D. had read
A. sleep
B. slept
C. sleeping
D. sleepy
A. rll
B. rlling
C. rlled
D. rlls
A. wait
B. waited
C. waiting
D. t wait
A. t run
B .run
C.ran
D. running
A. slept
B. sleep
C. asleep
D. sleeping
A. std
B. stands
C. t stand
D. standing
A. be washed
B. washed
C. being washed
D. t have been washed
A. Dissatisfactry
B. Nt being satisfied
C. Having nt satisfied
D. Dissatisfying
A. T carry
B. Carrying
C. Carried
D. Carry
A. Having finished
B. Finished
C. Being finished
D. Finish
A. Finding
B. Fund
C. Had fund
D. Have fund
A. Is
B. Be
C. Being
D. Was