第十七章It和there be句型（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

这是一份第十七章It和there be句型（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳，共6页。学案主要包含了It的用法，there be句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。

知识梳理
一、It的用法
在英语中,it的使用相当广泛,它既可以用作代词,也可用作引导词,还可用在强调结构中.
(一)作人称代词
这时it指前面已经提到过的人或事物.
-Where is the cat?-猫在哪儿?
-It is lying under the chair.-它躺在椅子下面.
He tk ff the first she and threw it n the flr.他脱下第一只鞋子,把它扔在地板上.
I've seen the film Gne with the Wind, It is very interesting.我看过电影《飘》.这部电影很有意思.
(二)作非人称代词
1.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可以用it指代.
Is it a by r a girl?是男孩还是女孩?
There is smene kncking at the dr. Wh is it?有人敲门.是谁呢?
2.it除可代替事物外,还可指时间、天气、距离、重量、状况或其他情况等
It's time fr class.是上课的时候了.
It's warm tday.今天天气暖和.It weighs 350 punds.重量为350磅.
3.it有时不确指
Hw's it ging with yu?你近况如何?
It was dull when Mary was away.玛丽不在,真没劲.
Hw is it ging?情况怎么样?
4.it还可用于强调结构
英语常用的强调结构为it is(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)＋wh(that)一般说来,被强调部分指人时用wh(that),指物时用that.
It is Li Lei that cleaned the classrm.是李雷打扫了教室.
It was yesterday that l bught the bk.我是昨天买这本书的.
(三)作形式主语
为了避免将句中作真实主语的不定式短语、-ing分词短语和主语从句置于句首造成头重脚轻,习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语.
1.代替不定式短语
It is wrng t tell a lie.说谎是不对的.
It is necessary t buy that dictinary.有必要买下那本词典.
2.代替-ing分词短语
It is n use ging there s early.这么早去那里没用.
It is n use learning withut thinking.学而不思则罔.
3.代替主语从句
It is said that Mary is leaving fr Lndn tmrrw.据说玛丽明天要动身前往伦敦.
It is certain that we shall succeed.我们一定会成功.
(四)作形式宾语
当复合宾语中是以不定式短语、-ing分词短语或名词从句作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后.
1.代替不定式短语
He thught it best t put n his cap.他认为最好还是戴上帽子.
I cnsider it imprtant t ask the teacher.我认为问老师问题很重要.
We make it a rule t take a walk after supper.我们习惯于在晚饭后散步.
2.代替-ing分词短语
D yu cnsider it any gd trying again?你觉得再试会有好处吗?
I fund it n use arguing with him.我发现和他辩论没有用.
3.代替宾语从句
Didn't I make it clear t yu that I was nt cming?我不是向你明确表示过我不来了吗?
We fund it strange that n ne wuld take the mney. 我们感到很奇怪,谁也不要这笔钱.
二、there be句型
(一)there be句型的用法
英语中有一个独特的句型叫There be句型,表示某事物或人的存在关系.其结构是:There be+某人／某物＋某地.There叫引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,译成汉语时,也不必译出,句中的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语的数一致.当主语是由两个或两个以上的名词充当时,谓语动词be要跟它相邻的那个名词的数一致.
1.there be句型的肯定式
There were tw bks and three bxes n the table.桌上有两本书,三个盒子.
There are five different time znes in the States.在美国有5个不同的时区.
2.there be句型的否定式
“There be”结构的否定式是在be后加nt或n.
There are nt any bats n the lake.湖上没有船.
There were n classes this afternn.今天下午没有课.
3.there be句型的疑问句
Is there anything I can d fr yu?我能为你做点什么吗?
What scenic spts are there in Shanghai?上海有什么风景区?
Are there many students in the classrm?教室里有许多学生吗?
4.there be句型的反义疑问句
There be句型的反义疑问句的构成为“There be+主语＋其他,be(nt)there?”.这与一般情况下的反义疑问句的构成是不同的.
There will be a big snw tmrrw, wn't there?明天将有一场大雪,是吗?
There is little milk at hme, is there?家里没牛奶了,是吗?
(二)there be句型需注意的几个问题
1.如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词be常和最靠近的那个主语在数上一致
There is a pen, tw bks and many pencils n the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔,两本书和许多铅笔.
There are tw bks, a pen and many pencils n the desk.
桌子上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔.
2.“there be”结构中的be可以有不同的时态,而且可以和助动词连用
There may be sme dangerus animals n this island.这个岛上可能有些危险的动物.
There must be smething wrng.一定是出了什么差错.
3.在这个结构中除用动词be之外,有时还可以用和be意义相近的其他动词像live, exist, stand, lie, ccur, cme ,remain等
Once there lived a lin in a frest.从前,森林里有只狮子.
There has ccurred an accident n the rad.马路上发生了事故.
There stands a beautiful muntain near the village.村旁有座美丽的山.
4.动词be还可与happen t, appear t, seem t, be ging t, be sure t, be certain t, be likely t等“半助动词”相结合构成“there be”结构中的谓语
There happened t be a ruler here.这儿碰巧有把尺子.
There seemed t be lts f peple there.那儿似乎有很多人.
There's certain t be truble in the factry.工厂里肯定会有麻烦.
There's likely t be a large audience.可能会有很多听众.
(三)there be句型与have的用法区别
1.there be句型表示“存在关系”而have表示“所有、拥有关系”
He has a lt f friends.他有许多朋友.(所有)
She has seven sns.她有7个儿子.(拥有)
There are mre than 2000 students in ur schl.我们学校有2000多学生.(存在)
2.当have表示“包括,存在”时,可以用there be句型替换
The year has fur seasns.=There are fur seasns in a year.一年有四季.
Beijing has many universities.=There are many universities in Beijing.北京有许多大学.
3.用have侧重主观,用there be侧重客观存在
I have a message fr yu.我给你带来个口信.
There is a message fr yu.有你的一个口信
4.当have的主语是人称意义很淡薄的we, they时,可以用there be句型替换.多出现在口语中.在这种情况下,用there be的句子中多数有介词短语,表示时间、地点、目的等.这时have表示“所有”的含义比较含糊或淡薄,主要是表示客观存在.有时,在have的宾语后还可能是不定式或分词短语
We've had a lt f rain lately.
There has been a lt f rain lately.最近下了很多雨.
好题精练
一、用it改写下列句子
1.T learn Chinese is difficult fr a freigner.
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2.Talking t him is n use.
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3.T spend a day n the beach is really great fun.
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4.The railway statin is nly three miles frm the airprt.
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5.Fr ne t learn a freign language in three mnths' time seems impssible.
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答案:
1.It is difficult fr a freigner t learn Chinese.
2.It is n use talking t him.
3.It is really great fun t spend a day n the beach.
4.It is nly three miles frm the airprt t the railway statin.
5.It seems impssible fr ne t learn a freign language in three mnths 'time.
二、选择括号内的正确答案,注意存在句(there be)要主谓一致
( )1.There (is, are) sme pens n Jack's desk.
( )2.There (is, are) many kinds f birds in the wrld.
( )3.There (is, are) a lt f prblems in the cuntry.
( )4.There (isn't, aren't) any mail fr yu tday.
( )5.There (isn't, aren't) any letters in the mail fr yu tday.
( )6.Hw many kinds f animals (is, are) there in this area?
答案:
1.are 2.are 3,are 4.isn't 5.aren't 6.are
三、用there be结构和It结构翻译下列句子
1.街道两旁矗立着许多高楼.
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2.剧院有什么可看的?
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3.我们学校前面有一个湖.
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4.你家有几口人?
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5.这儿曾经有一个国王.
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6.我们要在几个月内学好一门外语是不可能的.
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7.你这么说,真是心肠好.
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8.众所周知,桂林是一个美丽的地方.
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9.和他一起工作很难.
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答案:
1.There stand a lt f tall buildings n bth sides f the street.
2.What is there t see at the theatre?
3.There lies a lake in frnt f ur schl.
4.Hw many peple are there in yur family?
5.Once there lived a king here.
6.It is impssible fr us t learn a freign language well within a few mnths.
7.It's kind f yu t say s.
8.It is well-knwn that Guilin is a beautiful place.
9.It is very difficult t wrk with him,