人教版（2019）高中英语 定语从句教案 2023届高考英语一轮复习

这是一份人教版（2019）高中英语 定语从句教案 2023届高考英语一轮复习，共8页。教案主要包含了定语从句专项练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【定语从句 难点详解】定语从句作为英语语法，在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分，也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大，屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志！如果你对这一部分的内容不太熟悉的话，一定要好好看看这篇文章！定语从句 概念: 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.  (which替代前面所叙述的事情)  先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词（1）关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）（2）关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）③关系副词：在从句中作状语（When/where/why）3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用, 取消不影响句意(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较：He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)（2）关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)（3）关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略） 2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)（1）用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.（2）用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)（1）用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.（2）只能用that的情况：（必背必考）①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词是who,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法（1）As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型当中：such/so…as….  像…一样  the same …as… 和…同样的A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.He is not the same man as he was.（2）引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。As I remember, there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）5.关系副词的运用（1）When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)（2）Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which)（3）why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有一个：reason.I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which)必背常考句型：The reason why+表结果的完整句子（定语从句） is that+表原因的完整句子（表语从句）翻译练习:今天我迟到的原因是我的闹钟没有响。________________________________________________________________________________________这周末我不能跟你一起去看电影的原因是公司安排我去接待访客。________________________________________________________________________________________明天我不能帮你改作文稿子的原因是数学老师突然安排了考试。________________________________________________________________________________________★ 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词★ Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词，如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which)6.几个特殊的先行词（1）way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.★way在定语中作tell的宾语（2）先行词timetime表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句This is the first time that the president has visited the country.time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词whenThis was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets★此时when = during which 在..期间（3）先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语7.介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即: 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）★该结构介词的选用原则：（1）根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配This is the book on which I spent $ 8.This is the book for which I paid $ 8.（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯I remember the days during which I lived there.I remember the day on which I graduated from university.（3）根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.（4）英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。Here is the money with which to buy the piano.She is the right person on whom to depend.注意：①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等This is the baby that you will look after.8.定语从句的主谓一致（1）当先行词是 one of +复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.（2）当先行词是 the only+ one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.（3）先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.9.定语从句的转化定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan.I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway.The man (who stands) standing there is my friend. 10.定语从句的解题方法（1）判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句）（2）准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词特别注意：①关系代词whose的用法。whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人：whose =  the + 名词 + of whom    当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of whichDo you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?I’d like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.②that引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别:定语从句中的that:  关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。强调句中的that, 运用于it is/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。比较：This is the book that I am looking for.  (that 引导定语从句)It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years. (that和前面的it is构成强调句型)The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us. (that 引导名词性从句--同位语从句)That he will come to the conference has excited all of us. (that引导名词性从句--主语从句)We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger. (that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself. (that 引导名词性从句--表语从句)总结反思：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【定语从句专项练习】Part 1: Grammar-filling:The books on the desk, _____covers are shiny, are prizes for us.By 16:30, ______was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of _____were published in the 1990s.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（间隔），______ the audience can buy ice-cream.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____it will keep for two or three weeks.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_____ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _____I would be staying. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.The number of smokers, ____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ______ he should be able to be independent.I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ____ is quite unexpected.A company _____ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.Please send us all the information____ you have about the candidate for the position.You may not control all the events _____ happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _____ school education depends.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _____ are family members.The exact year_____ Angela and his family spent together in China was 2008.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _____ a good impression is a must.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it differently.He was educated at the local high school, after ____ he went on to Pecking University.At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of _____ is about English idioms.The children, all of _____ had played the whole day long, were worn out.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _____ his employees enjoy their work.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ____ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.Students should involve themselves in community activities ____ they can gain experience for growth.He wrote a letter ____ he explained what had happened in the accident.There is no simple answer, ____ is often the case in science.Finally, they reached a lonely island _____ was completely cut off from the outside world.We have launched another man-made satellite, ____ is announced in today’s newspaper.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ____ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.Part 2: Proof-reading:1. These who have plenty of money will help their friends.
 2. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
 3. Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
 4. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.
 5. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
 6. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
 7. The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.
 8. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.
 9. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.
 10. My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
 11. He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.
 12. A harvester is a machine with which we harvest crops or a person which is harvesting.
 13. I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.
14. In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.
 15. Chapin, for who money was now no problem, started a new film company with his friends.
 16. Please put the letter which he can easily find it.
17. The house in the front of which there is a big tree is built more than 1000 years ago.
 18. Antarctic, which we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.
 19. The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday.
 20. It was a meeting that importance I didn't realize at that time.
 21. They have decided to stay at home, that is, I think, a wise choice.
 22. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs.
 23. Did you see the man whom I nodded just now?
 24. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.
 25. ---How do you like the book?
---It's quite different from the one what I read last month.
 26. Is oxygen the only gas which helps fire burn?
 27. I'll tell you all what he told me last week.
 28. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help
 29. Willma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, that made her mother very happy.
 30. She heard a terrible noise, as brought her heart into her mouth.
 31. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whom family was poor.
 32. The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we could expect. 33. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town which he grew up as a child.
34. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the country with the farmers.
 35. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, who, of course, made others unhappy.
 36. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of whose was very reasonable.
37. Which has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
 38. He lived in London for 3 months, during that time he learned some English.
39.On the wall hung a picture, which color is blue.
 Whenever I met him, that was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
41. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture there stands the famous tower.
 42. The boss whose department Ms King worked ten years ago looks down upon women.
 43.I don't like the way which you speak to her.
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