译林版八年级下册Unit 1 Past and Present 整单元教案

Unit 1 Past and present

Lesson 1

【教学目标】

1．Eddie和Hobo的对话。

2．北京不同时代的交通工具的词汇。

【教学重难点】

1．初步了解现在完成时态的构成。

2．since的意义和用法。

【教学过程】

I. Lead-in

Did you have a good time last Sunday? What did you eat? What food is your favorite?’

II. Pre-task

Teacher says: My favorite food is chocolate. Today I took a piece of chocolate here. Oh, where is my chocolate? It was in my pocket an hour ago.

Teacher asks Ss: ---Have you seen my chocolate?  ---No, I haven’t.

Ss guess                            Teacher says

Maybe you have put it in your bag.    ----No, I haven’t.

Maybe you have put it in your book.   ----Yes, I have.

III. While-task

Task 1: Let’s listen to the tape: What are Hobo and Eddie talking about now?

Task 2: Ask some questions about it:

1．Where was Hobo’s food an hour ago?

2．Why did Eddie eat food?

3．Is Hobo happy?

4．What does Hobo think of Eddie?

Task 3: Work in pairs and drill the dialogue.

Task 4: Ask and answer

Eddie and Hobo both think they have changed a lot. That’s true. There are also many changes in our life.

How did you come to school today? Do you know other different forms of transport？

Task 5: Welcome to the unit.

Show some pictures of the different forms of transport.

Ask: When did people in Beijing begin to use trains?

Task 6: Do Part A

Task 7: Make a conversation like this.

A: When did people begin to use trains?

B: People began to use them in 1909.

Trains have been in use since 1909.

IV. Post-task

Talk about the transport at different times in Beijing using the sentence:

… have been in use since …

Lesson 2

【教学目标】

1．了解掌握本课出现的重点单词和词组。

2．理解课文内容(The changes to Sunshine Town)。

3．能用本节课所学知识,简单描述周围变化。

【教学重难点】

1．训练学生阅读理解能力。

2．部分词汇: used to…; dump…into…; get married (to sb.)

【教学过程】

Step 1 Pre-reading

Teaching new items by pictures

Past                               Present

Picture1: There used to be a building.    It is open space.

Picture2: She used to be a happy girl.    She is going to get married. She is going to be a wife.

Picture3: The factory used to dump      It has turned into a market, there are many stalls.

waste into the river.

Picture4: The poison in the waste       The government realized the pollution and reduced it.

polluted the river, many fish died.       The river is much cleaner.

Vocabulary

married   已婚的     get married 结婚    wife  妻子     stall  货摊

turn  (使)变成    turn…into 将…..变成   factory 工厂    used to 过去经常

dump 倾倒         waste 废料          poison 毒物     pollute 污染

realize 意识到      reduce 污染        open space 空地

Doing Part B1   1 b   2 f   3 d   4 c   5 g   6 a   7e

Step 2 While-reading

Read the conversation and answer the following questions.

1．How long has Mr. Chen lived in Sunshine Town?

Since he moved there with his family when he has two years old.

2．How many times did he move house? When?

In 1965 when he got married and last year when his children bought them a new flat.

3．True or False

Mr. Chen knows Sunshine Town very well. (   )

He moved into Sunshine Town in 1965. (    )

He got married last year. (    )

Mr. Chen moved out of Sunshine Town when he got married. (     )

In the past, 30,000 people lived in Sunshine Town. (    )

Mr. Chen and his old friends meet in the new park to play cards and Chinese chess. (    )

Step 3 Parts of the dialogue

Part1．Line1-9 Changes to Mr. Chen’s      .

A．parents  B．wife  C．living place

Part2．Line10-25 Changes to      .

A．the park  B．Sunshine Town  C．the factory

Part3．Line26-31 Mr. Chen’s       about the changes.

A．talking B．dreams C．feeling

Part4．Changes to Sunshine Town

In the past

The center of the town: There was ______ and _____. The government has ____the place _____a park.

Now

Sunshine River: It was dirty and poisonous because the factory used to ____ its waste ____ the river. It is much cleaner. The government _________ the pollution and took action to _______ the pollution.

Part 5．Mr. Chen’s feeling about the changes

Advantages: It is nice to _________________________.

Disadvantages: It has become difficult to ________

So he feels ___________from time to time.

Complete the passage according to the text.

Mr. Chen knows Sunshine Town very well. When he was two, he m       to the town. In 1965, he moved to the         of town when he got            .He tells me that Sunshine Town has c   a lot over the years. The government has t        the center of town       a park. Mr. Chen and his friends often play         and Chinese           there.   

The shoe factory                    (过去常常倾倒) its waste         Sunshine River. The poison in the waste p           the river. Later, the government r          it and took action to                the pollution, now the river has          a lot and it is much        .Mr. Chen says in some ways life is much better than before. It’s nice to have      and pretty gardens. However, it has become more          to see some friends. From time to time he feels lonely.

Lesson 3

【教学目标】

1．掌握相关的词汇、短语和本文中出现的语言点。

2．进一步理解课文内容(The changes to Sunshine Town)。

【教学重难点】

1．培养学生根据提示复述课文的能力。

2．一般过去时与现在完成时态的区别。

【教学过程】

Step 1 Discussion

Why was the river in Sunshine Town very dirty in the past?

The local factories used to dump waste water into the river. The local people didn’t realize the importance of polluting the river.

Why is the river in Sunshine Town much cleaner now?

The local government realized water pollution was a serious problem and actively took action to reduce the pollution.

How does Mr. Chen feel now?   He feels a bit lonely from time to time.

Step 2 Reading the text

Doing part B2 and B3.

Step 3

Doing part B4

Step 4 Post-reading

Language points

1．miss: 想念e.g.:  I miss my old friends very much.

错过e.g.: I don’t want to miss seeing the play on TV tonight.

2．pleasant: 指环境，地方，行程的舒适愉快。多用于修饰事物。

E.g.: The weather is usually pleasant here in May. The trip is pleasant.

pleased: 指感到愉快。通常描述人。be pleased with…

E.g.: I’m pleased with your work. The teacher is pleased with us.

同根词---pleasure. With pleasure /It’s my pleasure.

3．way:

(1) 方面，方式，方法。 in this way /that/another way   

in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上 a new way of teaching 一种新的教法

(2) 路  on one’s way to…  on his way to school  / by the way 顺便问一下

4．lonely  adj.指人，表示寂寞孤独，指物，表示荒凉，无人居住的

e.g.: He feels lonely without friends.    This is a lonely house.

alone adj./adv. 独自的（地） He lives alone.

5．from time to time =sometimes =at times

6．It’s adj. (for sb.) to do…    It’s nice to have open space.

It’s interesting for us to fly kites.  It has become more difficult to see my old friends.

7．realize: 意为“认识到”“明白”，其后接名词、代词或从句。

e.g. He has already realized his mistake.

The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died.

Lesson 4

【教学目标】

1．认识和了解现在完成时的构成和用法。

2．了解现在分词的构成。

【教学重难点】

现在完成时与一般过去时的联系与区别。

【教学过程】

Step 1 Pre-task

T: Do you remember Eddie?

S1: Yes.

T: Millie is Eddie’s master. Eddie was born four years ago.

Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.

How many years has he lived with Eddie?

S2: For four years.

T: Yeah, Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.（板书）

Step 2 While-task

Task 1: Let the students know that the sentences on the board all include the present perfect tense.

Tell the students: We use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past, like “Eddie was born four years ago”.

We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and still have some connection with the present, like ‘Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born’. ‘Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.’

Task 2: We make positive and negative sentences using the present perfect tense like this.

subject       have/ has+ (not)  past participle

I/You/We/They   have (not)     moved．

He/She/It        has (not)      moved．

We form the present perfect tense by adding ‘have’ or “has” before a past participle.   

E.g. have/has + seen/ done/ sung/, etc．

Task 3: Tell the student how to write the past participle of verbs.

1．We add ‘-ed’ to regular verbs. （板书）

2．We form the irregular verbs differently. We do not add ‘-ed’. Ask the students to look at the table of irregular verbs．Ask the students to remember the past participle of irregular verbs.

Task 4 (A1): Here is a short exercise for students to finish. Ask the students to complete the table with the correct past participle．And then work out the rule.

Task 5 (A2): After the short exercise, ask the students to complete the sentences using the present perfect. Help them to complete. Ask them not to forget the verb ‘have’/ ‘has’. Present the Present perfect tense briefly.  Subject + have/has+ past participle

Task 6: Teach the students how to ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense.     E.g. Have you arrived? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

Has she left? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.（板书）

The teacher asks the students some more questions.

Task 7 Chat time (A3): Millie and Sandy are talking about a film about Hong Kong. Complete their conversation using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1．Give them several minutes to complete it.  

2．Check the answers with the whole class.

3．Ask some pairs to act out the conversation.

Step 3 Post-task

1．分清一般过去时与现在完成时

I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago. （只说明“擦”和其发生的时间)

I have cleaned the blackboard．（说明现在黑板是干净的）

总结:（1）一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态, 和现在不发生关系。(强调动作发生的时间) 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。(侧重动作的结果)

2．T or F

The train has arrived just now.        The train has just arrived．

She has returned from Paris yesterday.  She has returned from Paris.

总结: （2）一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last year,  three days ago, just now,等。 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语往往是since…,for…, just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far等或无时间状语。

3．Fill in the blanks.

（1） A: I _______ (lose) my pen. Can you lend me yours?  B: Why don't you buy one?

A: It _______ (fall) into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands. Now I've got to fill in a form with a pen.

（2） A: --When did you lose your cat?   B: --I __________ (lose) it last night.

A: --Where did you find it?        B: --I __________ (find) it the garden.

总结: 如果询问某事发生的时间，地点只用一般过去时。

Lesson 5

【教学目标】

1．学习现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语。

2．能在语境中运用现在完成时。

【教学重难点】

现在完成时与一般过去时在时间副词用法区别。

【教学过程】

Step 1 Lead-in

The teacher can have a free talk with the students.

e.g. You have known something about Mr. Chen.

Could you tell me anything about Mr. Chen?

Step 2 Pre-task

Recently we have already known a little about Sunshine Town. I have never been there before. Have you ever been there? 

S1: No, I haven’t been there yet.

T: Mr. Chen was born there. He has known it since he was very young. He has known it for a long time.

Step 3 While-task

1．Tell the students that we can use adverbs of time with the present perfect tense, such as already, ever, for, just, never, since and yet.

2．Some more examples:

I have just seen Millie on the playground． Has Millie called yet? No, she hasn’t.

I have not heard from Millie yet.      I have done my homework already.

I have never read the novel. …

3．现在完成时与时间副词

for +段时间        for two days/three years

since +点时间      since last night /1992 since two days ago

since +句子        since I came here last week

already 一般用于肯定的陈述句

yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句 (否定句中常译为“还”；疑问句中常译为“已经”。)

just 刚（注意与just now的区别） 

recently 近来      ever 曾经(常用于问句)     never 从不

up to now  till now   over/in the past 10 years   so far    before(句尾且不加时间)

e.g. Have you visited our city before?

4．Exercises

A．选择填空

Have you done your homework ______? (for, just, yet)

I have _______ __been to Chengdu. (ever, never, yet)

He has _______ washed the dishes. (already, ever, for)

He has worked there _______ he left school. (already, just, since)

Have you cleaned your room _______? (for, just, yet)

She has known Sam _____ nine years. (for, never, since)

Have you ______ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)

They have ______ arrived．(ever, just, yet)

We have not completed the project _______. (already, for, yet)

B．for or since

（1）We have lived here ____ 1990.

（2）How long have you studied here? ___ 5 years.

（3）The boy has had a bad cold _____ last night.

（4）Mr. Huang has kept the books ______ a week ago.

（5）I have taught in the school _____ I came here.

（6）We have been friends ____ a long time.

总结: for +段时间    since +点时间  (过去时间)     since +句子(一般过去时态的句子)

C．句型转换

（1）The boy has already gone home. (一般疑问句)

（2）The girl has already given it to me. （否定句）

（3）They have ever visited the Hainan Island before .（否定句）

总结:

（1）（现在完成时）肯定句变为否定句的基本方法。

（2）（现在完成时）肯定句变为一般疑问句的基本方法。

（3）注意点：just、already、yet之间的关系及各自适应的句型。

Step 4 Post-task

完成句子

（1）你曾经到北京旅行过吗？

（2）我已经看过这部电影了。

（3）她刚刚完成作业。

（4）--他们已经去看这部电影了吗? --还没有呢。

（5）我以前从未看过这本书。

（6）自从他结婚以来就一直住在这里

Lesson 6

【教学目标】

1．听对话、获取信息，完成表格。     

2．根据表格内容完成短文填空。

3．能谈论自己生活的变化。

【教学重难点】

培养学生从所给的听力或书面材料中获取、选择和重新组合信息的能力，在此基础上培养学生的口头、笔头表达能力。

【教学过程】

Step 1 Lead-in

Say something about Sunshine Town in the past and now.

Step 2 Pre-task

Talk about the pictures. (Past and present)

Teacher asks: T: What can you see in the picture on the left?

Ss: I can see some small boats.

Ss: I can see some fishermen.

T: Where is it?

Ss: Maybe it is a small lake or small villages near the sea．

T: What do you think of it?

Ss: It is very poor and the air around it is dirty too.

T: What kinds of wildlife live there?

Ss: Wild ducks and birds etc.

T: What can you see in the picture on the right?

Ss: I can see many tall buildings.

Describe the pictures.

In the past, my hometown was natural and beautiful. There were natural and beautiful. There were lakes, a lot of wildlife and small villages.

Now, it has become a modern town. There is a new railway station and some new highways.

Step 3 While-task

Task 1: T: Look at part A1 and read through the lists below.（Make sure the students know what to do next ）

Play the tape for the students to listen and complete the lists.

Play the tape again and check the answers with the students.

Task 2: Ask the students to talk about Starlight Town in the past and now in a few words according to the lists.

Task 3: Present part A2

T: Have you ever been to Starlight Town? Do you know it well?

Ss: …

T: Simon is writing about Starlight Town in his diary. Help him complete his diary. First read the words. Then fill in the blanks.

Check the answers with the students.

Let the students read the diary by Simon.

Find out some key sentences in the diary and explain them

1．be in service=be in use

2．over the years=during the years.

3．Starlight Town has changed a lot. =Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.

Step 4 Speak up

Task 1: First the teacher asks Ss the following questions:

1．How do you usually go to school? (on foot/ by bike)

2．How did you go to school when you were in primary school?

3．What do you often after class and after school?

Task 2: Then listen and answer the questions:

1．Who took Millie to school before?

2．How did Sandy go to school before?

3．Does Millie like chatting with her friends?

4．What do you think of your school life?

Task 3: Listen and repeat; Read and role-play

Task 4: Make new dialogue using the useful expressions

1．When I was …

2．Since I started…

3．How has/have …changed?

4．on one’s won = by oneself = alone  

5．have more/ less free time

6．have the same feeling/ way (as …)    

7．Do you agree (with sb.)?