【寒假自学】2023年人教版(2019)高二英语（选择性必修第二册）-第08讲 Unit3 Food and Culture 寒假精品讲学案

这是一份【寒假自学】2023年人教版(2019)高二英语（选择性必修第二册）-第08讲 Unit3 Food and Culture 寒假精品讲学案，文件包含寒假自学2023年人教版2019高二英语-第08讲Unit3FoodandCulture解析版选择性必修第二册docx、寒假自学2023年人教版2019高二英语-第08讲Unit3FoodandCulture原卷版选择性必修第二册docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
复习Unit3重点单词、短语、句型
二．复习Unit3语法（过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态）
写作（健康饮食）
课内知识回馈
一
Culture and Cuisine
（课文改编版）
Mst peple relate “Yu are what yu eat.” t healthy eating. It 1. _________ (actual) refers t persnality，character，and culture. Chinese cuisine is a case in pint. When 2. _______（intrduce） t America，it 3. _______ (change) t suit American tastes，4. __________ tells us Americans like trying new fds.
Later，I visited China and 5.______________ (experience) authentic Chinese fd. In Beijing，we ate in a restaurant where the chef treated us 6. _______ a dinner 7. ___________ (cnsist) f Sichuan peppercrns. It was wnderful but 8. _______was even mre imprtant was the friendship. In Shandng Prvince，we had 9._________ (bil) dumplings with vinegar. I fund 10.__________（make） dumplings is always 11._______ affair with the whle family. In Suth China and central China，I experienced lcal dishes frm Guangdng's elegant dim sum t the 12.____________ (exceptin) stewed ndles in Henan. Thrugh fd，Chinese peple everywhere shw friendship and 13. ___________(kind). At 14._________ minimum，the kinds f fd 15._________ (cnsume) by lcal peple tell us what they grw in their regin，what kinds f lives they lead, and 16._________ they like and d nt like.
All in all, culture and cuisine g hand 17._________ hand, and 18._______ yu d nt experience ne，yu can never really knw the ther.
【答案】1. actually 2. intrduced 3. is changed 4. which 5. experienced6. t 7. cnsisting 8. what 9. biled 10. making11. an 12. exceptinal 13. kindness 14. a 15. cnsumed16. what 17. in 18. if
二
Write abut a Healthy Diet
（课文改编版）
_______makes up a healthy diet？Scientists have fund that the real driver f pr health is sugar rather 2. _________ s much fatty fd. This is true 3. _________ (regard) f hw healthy the rest f their diet might be. S if yu want t be healthy，yu have t cut dwn 4._______ sweet.
5._______ this，yu can keep healthy by cnsuming different 6._________ (categry) f fresh fds，7._______(especial) fruit and vegetables. It is als imprtant t have sme meat，beans，r dairy 8._______(prduce)，9._________ prvide the necessary prtein fr bnes and muscle 10.___________(grw). The ideal diet is a 11._________ (balance) ne，withut t much r t little f any ne thing.
Finally，a fundamental key t 12.__________(health) eating is t eat slwly，which als allws yur bdy 13. _________ (digest) yur fd better. In additin，14._________ (cnsistency) eating habits like taking three meals a day15. ______ the same time and 16._______(eat) a mdest amunt f fd each time a day 17._________ (be) better fr ur health.
There is n ne trick t healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts 18._______ having a healthy attitude twards fd. It is up t yu t make the right decisins abut yur diet.
【答案】1. What 2. than 3. regardless 4. n 5. Beynd 2. categries 7. especially 8. prducts 9. which 10. grwth 11.balanced 12. healthy 13. t digest 14. cnsistent 15. at 16. eating 17.are 18. with
练习
一
The French authr Jean Anthelme BrillatSavarin nce wrte，“Tell me what yu eat，and I will tell yu what yu are，”1.______ means “Yu are what yu eat.” In fact，BrillatSavarin was actually 2.______(refer) t ur persnality，character，and culture. In many ways，this seems t be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in pint. China is a cuntry with vast 3.______(area) and a large ppulatin. S the fd is as 4.______(vary) as the peple. Fr example，peple in Shandng like biled dumplings 5. ______(serve) with vinegar，because the prcess f making dumplings can bring the family members tgether. 6.______(traditinal)，peple in Xinjiang spent mst f their time n hrse backs，and that is 7.______they prefer their fd 8._______(ck) ver an pen fire. In cnclusin，thrugh fd，Chinese peple everywhere shw their culture as well as their friendship and 9.______(kind)．S what we can say is that culture and cuisine g hand 10.______hand，and if yu d nt experience ne，yu can never really knw the ther.
【答案】1. which 2. referring 3. areas 4. varied/varius 5. served6.Traditinally 7. why 8. t be cked 9. kindness 10. in
二
The French authr Jean Anthelme Brillat­Savarin nce wrte，“Tell me what yu eat，and I will tell yu what yu are，”1.________ means “Yu are what yu eat.” In fact，Brillat­Savarin was actually 2._________(refer) t ur persnality，character，and culture.In many ways，this seems t be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in pint.China is a cuntry with vast 3._______(area) and a large ppulatin.S the fd is as 4._______(vary) as the peple.Fr example，peple in Shandng like biled dumplings 5. _______(serve) with vinegar，because the prcess f making dumplings can bring the family members (traditinal)，peple in Xinjiang spent mst f their time n hrse backs，and that is 7.______they prefer their fd t 8.______(ck) ver an pen fire.In cnclusin，thrugh fd，Chinese peple everywhere shw their culture as well as their friendship and 9.______(kind)．S what we can say is that culture and cuisine g hand 10._____ hand，and if yu d nt experience ne，yu can never really knw the ther.
【答案】1.which 2 referring 3 areas4 varied 5 served 6 Traditinally 7 why 8 be cked 9 kindness10 in

词汇短语过关斩将
1.cnsist vi. 组成；在于；一致→cnsistent adj. 一致的；连续的→cnsistently adv. 一贯地；始终如一地
2．elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegance n. 优雅；端庄→elegantly adv. 精美地；讲究地；文雅地
3．exceptinal adj. 特别的；罕见的→exceptin n. 例外；例外的人/事→except prep. 除……外
4．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的→stably adv. 稳定地；平稳地
5．mdest adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→mdesty n. 谦虚；朴素
6.fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的；基本的 n. 基本规律；根本法则→fundamentally adv. 根本上；完全地
7．trick n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt. 欺骗；哄骗→tricky adj. 难对付的；狡猾的
8．assciatin n. 协会；关联→assciated adj. 有关的；有联系的→assciate v. 联想；联系；交往
9．cnsume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗→cnsumer n. 消费者； 顾客； 用户→cnsumptin n. (能量、食物或材料的) 消耗，消耗量

基础句法精益求精
1．Prir t cming t China，my nly experience with Chinese cking was in America，with Chinese fd that had been changed t suit American tastes.
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变以适应美国人的口味。
2．On the ther hand，it des tell us a lt abut Americans.
另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人有了很多的了解。
3．Tired，hungry，and nt knwing a wrd f Chinese，we had n idea hw t rder，s the chef just began filling ur table with the best fd we had ever eaten.
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
4．Everywhere，the fd was as varied as the peple.
世界各地，食物和人一样多样。
5．And in America，peple wh receive 25% f their daily calries r mre thrugh sugar are twice as likely t die frm heart disease than peple wh receive less than 10% a day.
在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
基础语法披荆斩棘
过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went lking fr a gd place t eat in Beijing.
2．Tired，hungry，and nt knwing a wrd f Chinese，we had n idea hw t rder，s the chef just began filling ur table with the best fd we had ever eaten.
3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recmmended t us by a friend，and finally，we fund it.
4．Prir t cming t China，my nly experience with Chinese cking was in America，with Chinese fd that had been changed t suit American tastes.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1和2的黑体部分为过去完成时，其构成为“had＋动词过去分词”，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。
2．例句3和4的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态形式，其构成为“had＋been＋动词过去分词”，表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作。
一、过去完成时
表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。
基本结构：had＋动词过去分词
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。
He had already been t New Yrk earlier in the week.
本周早些时候他去过纽约。
(2)否定句：主语＋had＋nt＋动词过去分词＋其他。
At that time we hadn't met her.
那时我们还没有见到她。
(3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had.
否定回答：N，主语＋hadn't.
—Had yu visited here befre?
——你以前参观过这里吗？
—Yes，I had./N，I hadn't.
——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Where had yu been befre yu came here?
你来这里前还去过哪儿？
(5)被动语态：主语＋had (nt)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。
By the end f last year all the preparatry wrk had been dne.
到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①He (wrk) in the stre fr five years befre he mved here.
②When I gt t the statin，the train (leave)．
③The task (finish) befre 12：00 yesterday.
【答案】1.had wrked2.had left3.had been finished
二、基本用法
1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，befre等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
By nine 'clck last night，we had gt 200 pictures frm the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和fr，since构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stp fr 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had wrked in that factry since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a gd friend f mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn't knw a thing abut the verbs，fr I had nt studied my lessn.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I returned the bk that I had brrwed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She fund the key that she had lst.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5．过去完成时常常用在tld，said，knew，heard，thught等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had knwn her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thught I had sent the letter a week befre.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，befre，after，as sn as，till/until引导的复合句。
When I wke up，it had already stpped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn't g t bed until she had finished her wrk.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含befre和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he arrived in England，Marx wrked hard t imprve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
7．动词think，want，hpe，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They had wanted t help but culd nt get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hped t be able t cme and see yu.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
8．过去完成时还可用在，n ...，it was the first (secnd，etc) time (that)．..等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun t speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
N sner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been ut f wrk that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①We (build) five new buildings by the end f last year.
②I culd see frm her face that she (receive) sme gd news.
③He said he (be) there befre.
④We realized we (lse) ur way.
⑤We (hpe) that yu wuld be able t visit us.
【答案】1.had built2.had received3.had been4.had lst5.had hped
三、与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以nw的时间为基点，但侧重对nw产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：I have learned 1，000 English wrds s far.
到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
I had learned 1，000 English wrds till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
—I'm srry t keep yu waiting.
——对不起，让你久等了。
—Oh，nt at all.I have been here nly a few minutes.
——没什么，我只等了几分钟。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The cncert (start)．We have t lk fr ur seats in the dark.
②Yu're t late；the train (leave)．
③He (teach) English fr twenty years when he retired.
④They (get) everything ready befre I came.
【答案】1.has started2.has left3.had taught4.had gt
四、过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，befre等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。
1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式
(1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been dne ＋其他成分。
(2)否定结构：主语＋ had nt been dne ＋其他成分。
(3)疑问句结构：had ＋主语＋ been dne ＋其他成分？
疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been dne ＋其他成分？
2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，befre等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he gt t the schl，the first class had been finished.
当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
The classrm hadn't been cleaned befre the teacher came.
老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。
Hw many buildings had been destryed when the earthquake ended?
地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？
(2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
As the assignment had been dne，he went n t search the Internet.
任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。
He did what he had been tld t.
他做了别人叫他做的事。
另：当从句由after，befre，when或 as sn as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
When he arrived，he called her.
他到达时，给她打了电话。
They lcked the dr befre they left.
在离开前，他们把门锁上了。
(3)在tld，said，knew，heard，thught等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。
They said the prductin csts had been reduced.
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
The girl was reminded that her hmewrk had nt been handed in.
那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。
The media reprted mre than 1，000 peple had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。
[名师点津]
过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。
例如：This plluted river has been cleaned.
这条被污染了的河流已被净化。
析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。
例如：He said this bk had been translated int Japanese.
他说这本书已被译成日语。
析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
①The earthquake (predict) several days befre.
②The device (use) peratinally sme mnths previusly.
③Our classrm (clean)．Yu needn't clean it nw.
④The child (take) care f by grandma all these years.
【答案】1.had been predicted 2.had been used3.has been cleaned4. has been taken
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I surfed the net and (see) an nline advertisement，s I sent an email，saying that I wanted the jb.
2．The universities in Britain (take) in many students frm China and ther Asian cuntries ver the past few years.
3．The interviewer was interested in the grades I (get) in the exams.
4．By the time we gt a reprt，the firemen (put) ut the fire in the bar already.
5．We'll have t wait in line.The fast­fd restaurant (be) shrt­handed fr weeks.
6．She (want) t help yu but she had n time then.
7．All the film tickets (sell) ut when I gt t the cinema.
8．The wallet (wrap) up in newspaper and it cntained half the mney he had lst.
9．By the end f that day，mst f the inhabitants (leave) their hmes.
10．It was the third time that he (make) the same mistake.
【答案】1.saw 2.have taken 3.had gt4.had put5.has been6.had wanted 7.had been sld 8.had been wrapped9.had left10.had made
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。
She tld me that fr quite a few years.
2．她说她已来过上海。
She said that Shanghai.
3．我们到日本前学过一点日语。
We befre we came t Japan.
4．我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。
I didn't want t see the play because ．
5．到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。
By the end f last term ．
6．这是他第一次输掉比赛。
It was the first time ．
7．投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。
Investment in gld a sure rute t make mney.
8．经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。
After a shrt walk，we arrived at the place where .
9．然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。
Hwever，a few days later，he was tld that ．
10．我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。
When I came back at midnight ．
【答案】1.she had been an air hstess
2. she had been t
3.had studied a little Japanese
4.I had already seen it
5.we had read ten shrt stries
6.he had lst the game
7.has been seen as
8.the bdy had been fund
9.a mistake had been made
10.she still hadn't finished the wrk
基础写作扬帆起航
请用英语写一篇短文，描述自己的饮食习惯，并就“健康饮食”提出自己的看法或建议。
注意：1.字数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。






[参考范文]
Like mst peple frm the Nrth，cked wheaten fd is always my favrite.I ften have ndles fr breakfast，steam bread r pancake fr lunch and supper.I eat vegetables every day.I like seafd thugh it's a little expensive.I ften g ut fr gd meals with my families and friends，but we ften eat a lt f meat there.
I think we shuld frm healthy eating habits.Breakfast is very imprtant t ur health.Besides，we'd better eat less meat and mre fresh vegetables.All in all，we shuld realize the imprtance f healthy diet.
【过关检测】
单词拼写。
N ne will deny the fact that the jb market is tight fr thse withut ______________(先前的；优先的) experience.
Mst f these grups________________(组成) f graduate students, but they allw sme undergraduates t participate in their activities as well.
Facing the verwhelming attractin, the _______________(敢于冒险的) man decided t take risks.
The expectatins fr the class _______________(填满)the teacher’s mind.
Girls wuld like t cut the mature lemns int______________(薄片) t make tea.
The adaptatin is mre _________________(精美的，讲究的) than befre.
At the age f five he shwed _________________(罕见的；特别的) ambitin t be musician.
The______________(最低限度的) wage system imprved the tutr’s mtivatin.
Will the cmpany cut dwn the expense f ______________(消耗) gasline?
Generally speaking, a bad ______________(脾气) induces physical disease.
He wants t make this _____________(品牌) f mineral water famus. He is very ambitius.
The___________(材料) he used in the cking cntest engaged everyne’s attentin.
Help yurself t sme _____________(甜点), make yurself feel at hme.
Tday, yu g t cllege t learn, but yu als g because yu need a qualificatin fr almst every_______________(稳定的) career.
The students participated in the dumpling cntest held in the _____________(餐厅) n the secnd flr.
The firm has its wn_____________(自助餐厅).
Sme vegetarians are_______________(有点；稍微) vercrrect.
Tm jined and was active in the _____________(协会) that cnsists f experts, students and vlunteers.
The weather was terrible but we carried n ur presentatin ______________(不顾).
Depending n the _____________(类别；种类) f pepper, the degree f spiciness varies.
In rder t get rid f the junk, we shuld pursue qualify rather than _____________(数量).
Dietary surces f calcium(钙的饮食来源) include ______________(奶制的) prducts and sy prducts (豆制品), such as bean curd.
The clr and flavr f cuisine mainly depend n the ____________(适度) f ingredients.
Hw culd the _____________(完美的) life be withut a gd chef?
Vinegar is the________________(基本的) cndiment in the kitchen.
James sliced a piece f cked beef ff and ___________(咀嚼) it slwly in his muth, thinking abut what the teacher said tday.
Prducts we have must meet minimum qualify requirements. This has been ur__________(一贯的) stand.
The by is nt nly______________(谦虚的), but als bld and careful.
There is n rm fr ____________(计谋) in the prprtin f ingredients.
Plants cnsume CO₂, sunlight and water, increasing the_____________(全体的) level f xygen in the atmsphere.
短语填空。
A
at a minimum, hand in hand, relate t, , a case in pint, refer t , prir t, junk fd, cnsist f , as a result，set ff fr, a basic ingredient, switch ff, cntribute t, a stable jb
All these questins_________________the cmplex philsphy.
If yu need the new equipment fr yu presentatin, yu can ________________the instructins.
I tld yu the tutr is very generus. His dnatin t the pr family is__________________.
I am extremely depressed. I must restart the cmputer again_________________using the new prgram.
Carbn dixide__________________carbn and xygen, and we can gain it frm burning.
Chill the bacn s yu can ____________it_____________mre easily.
He gt invlved in an unnecessary fight but gt a girl’s help._______________, the bad thing had been turned int a gd ne.
We shuld increase ut budget fr wrk envirnment imprvement.________________, the space shuld nt be dull and depressing.
This new term we have a new cmpetent mnitr, in days t cme he will walk_________________with us.
Yur mther’s cncern is reasnable. Eating_______________and fried fd every day puts yu at risk f getting sick.
In summary, live il des a lt and many hair care prducts still have it as_______________.
These effrts_______________ur understanding f the exceptinal virus, its patterns f spread, and the spectrum f sickness it can cause.
I just hpe I can get ________________and gd living surrundings after graduatin.
We will leave Flrence and______________________Tme.
Turn ff yur phne and laptp, ___________________the TV and engage in sme srt f regular exercise, laying yur wrries temprarily t the side.
B
Cut dwn n, tgether with, rather than, as t, regardless f , have assciatin with, argue ver, cut ut, , make up, in mderatin, play a trick n, n the right track, be cnsistent with, be fundamental t, chew n, an ideal pprtunity, end up, a large quantity f, be mdest abut
Muttn, haggis_________________sme brken pancakes, are put int a big bwl, which is pured with ht muttn sup.
When asked, they denied_____________________terrrists.
___________________lamb kebabs, fr the sake f health, it is better t eat frever.
Dim sum als helps____________________traditinal Chinese cuisine.
________________the difficulties yu meet in study, yu must find a way t grasp what yu have learned that day.
Thinking twice desn’t mean yu have t get angry r_______________every little thing prir t ding it.
If yu like red braised prk, yu’d better____________yur intake __________less than 100g.
The advisr said that using renewable energy t pwer electric vehicles wuld_______________the carbn emissins created in the prcess.
The nvel wuld be perfect if mre settings_____________________.
He likes sausage________________________ham.
When the price f garlic rises,__________________garlic is stckpiled(储存) by speculatrs, causing the price f garlic t sar.
Researchers are increasingly finding that expsure in sunshine________________can be beneficial.
If a persn gets_______________when he graduates frm university, such as finding an ideal jb and qualifying himself fr further study, he can create cnditins fr his rise in the wrld.
Fr jurnalists, insight _____________________finding material and prblems.
We are ding a survey t find ut which the brand leader in the cffee market is and______________________its sales strategies.
T lse weight, yu shuld ______________________stpping eating fatty, starchy fds, especially junk fd, and keep exercising.
The wrds yu cite in yur article shuld_____________________ideas f scial justice.
There’s n need t ___________________________achievements. Just speak up abut them.
We always_____________________him, usually putting a piece f nin under his nse while he was sleeping.
If yur ideals are mtivating yur desires, yu are______________________.
单句语法填空。
Applicatins must be submitted at least ne mnth prir_______________the beginning f the term and will be reviewed and then yu can qualify.
Tday’s families mstly have a simple structure_______________(cnsist) f parents and children, and the family members als cperate clearly.
A hllw pumpkin is stuffed ____________rice and meat and then steamed in a pt, and the smell wafted int the surrunding cttages.
Tday, many supermarkets sell______________(slice) bread in plastic bags. The utcme is much better than selling integrally.
As________result f the hmesickness, the little girl quit her jb.
I lve the small city where business bms and peple behave______________(elegant).
Thse extra csts must be kept t______________minimum fr we must strengthen the pay-ff cntrl.
This fd pisning incident invlved t many cnsumers because mst f the meat_________________(cnsume) by the time the recall gt ut.
Think mre abut ther peple’s perspectives and dn’t lse yur temper_________thers.
They walked shulder __________shulder, talking sincerely abut each ther’s views.
Nw the envy tgether with the tw ministers_____________(stand) n the steps, talking warmly abut the tariff.
Little Bb was eating buns t make up ________his lack f dinner.
There is a stable_______________(assciate) between the numbers.
We can’t ignre it regardless_____________wh caused such dramatic changes.
The children were arguing_____________ne anther ver hw many fruits there were n the ld live tree.
The great man always limited his expenses___________20 yuan a day.
The utlk f this prject is very gd, which wn’t just cut dwn____________energy pllutin , but als will save us billins f dllars n ur energy bills.
The bks in this library cnsist f mre than 200 ______________(categry)
We rather than he_______________(need) yur participatin.
Quantities f vinegar________________blended rather than made frm grain.
If yu want t lse weight, please try t eat less dessert and keep_____________(mderate)and balance in mind.
The _______________(fundament) cause f cultural cnflict is the lack f understanding and tlerance between peple.
______________(chew) raw nins will make yu tears run dwn yur cheeks.
The gang ended up________________(cst) themselves an arm and a leg and get nthing.
He always behaves_______________(cnsistent).
We shuld learn frm him__________________(mdest) fr he is stable.
He was invlved in this marketing activity t trick peple_______________buying things.
What makes us keep ptimistic is that we_______________n the right track.
What depressed him was that the wrestler std n the grund, letting him sway, still__________(stable).
The plan that we will arrive in Shanghai n Friday evening and set ff _______Beijing the fllwing mrning is lgical and reasnable.
Only if things were particularly slw wuld he switch __________the radi, always t a classical-music statin, this persn recalls.
Yu must cntrl yur temper fr________yu d at the start f the day sets the md fr the rest f the day.
___________the weather is like tmrrw, ur ship will set sail fr Maca fr the crew are eager fr departure.
Thugh the cst wuld be tremendus we have been prepared t d__________it takes t save her life.
By the time he __________(be)furteen years ld, the mtivated learner had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
【答案】一．1.prir 2.cnsist 3.bld 4.stuffed 5.slices 6.elegant 7.exceptinal 8.minimum 9.cnsuming 10.temper 11.brand 12.ingredients 13.desserts 14.stable 15.canteen 16.cafeteria 17.smewhat 18.assciatin 19.regardless 20.categry 21.quantity 22.dairy 23.mderatin 24.ideal 25.fundamental 26.chewed 27.cnsistent 28.mdest 29.tricks 30.verall
二．A. 1.relate t 2.refer t 3.a case in pint 4.prir t 5.cnsists f 6.slice, up 7.As a result 8.At a minimum 9.hand in hand 10.junk fd 11.a basic ingredient 12.cntribute t 13.a stable jb 14.set ff fr 15.switch ff
B1.tgether with 2.having assciatin with 3.As t 4.make up 5.Regardless f 6.argue ver 7.limit, t 8.cut dwn n 9.were cut ut 10.rather than 11.a large quantity f 12.in mderatin 13.an ideal pprtunity 14.is fundamental t 15.chewing n 16.end up 17.be cnsistent with 18.be mdest abut 19.played a trick n 20.n the right track
三．1.t 2.cnsisting 3.with 4.sliced 5.a 6.elegantly 7.a 8.had been cnsumed 9.with 10.t 11. is standing 12.fr 13.assciatin 14.f 15.with 16.t 17.n 18.categries 19.need 20.are 21.mderatin 22.fundamental 23.Chewing 24.csting 25.cnsistently 26.mdestly 27.int 28.are 29.stably 30.fr 31.n 32.whatever 33.Whatever 34.Whatever/What 35.was
【真题演练】
(2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)D
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags (标签) n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (质地) f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as cm and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Sil pllutin.B. Lack f wrkers.
C. Aging machines.D. Lw prfitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's rbt be able t d?
A. Mnitr the quality f grass.B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Mve cattle t anther field.D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A. He wants t help them earn a living.B. He thinks men can d the jb better.
C. He is inexperienced in using rbts.D. He enjys the traditinal way f life.
15. Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value f cattle.B. Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C. Make the jb mre appealing.D. Keep cattle frm being stlen.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
12B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
13A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (质地) f grass.（通过监测草形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
14B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
15D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
(2021年高考全国甲卷)B
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A. Cstly.B. Cntrversial.C. Ambitius.D. Successful.
5. What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A. She lves staying with her mther.B. She dislikes utdr activities.
C. She is in gd cnditinD. She is sensitive t heat.
6. What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A. They had their first brn in January.B. They enjyed explring new places
C. They lived with their grandmthers.D. They were brught t the reserve yung
7. What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B. It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C. It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D. Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
4D【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。
5C【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
6A【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Prt Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Sli和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
7D【解析】推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
(2020年江苏高考)C
Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have lng knwn that meal timing affects perfrmance. Hwever far less has been knwn abut hw meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
T find ut, British scientists cnducted a study. They first fund 10 verweight and inactive but therwise healthy yung men, whse lifestyles are, fr better and wrse, representative f thse f mst f us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metablic (新陈代谢的) rates and tk samples (样品) f their bld and fat tissue.
Then, n tw separate mrning visits t the scientists’ lab, each man walked fr an hur at an average speed that, in thery shuld allw his bdy t rely mainly n fat fr fuel. Befre ne f these wrkuts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised n a cmpletely empty stmach after a lng vernight fast (禁食). On the ther ccasin, they ate a rich mrning meal abut tw hurs befre they started walking.
Just befre and an hur after each wrkut, the scientists tk additinal samples f the men’s bld and fat tissue.
Then they cmpared the samples. There were cnsiderable differences. Mst bviusly, the men displayed lwer bld sugar levels at the start f their wrkuts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned mre fat during walks n an empty stmach than when they had eaten first. On the ther hand, they burned slightly mre calries (卡路里), n average, during the wrkut after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the mst significant, the researchers fund. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending n whether smene had eaten r nt befre walking. Many f these genes prduce prteins (蛋白质) that can imprve bld sugar regulatin and insulin (胰岛素) levels thrughut the bdy and s are assciated with imprved metablic health. These genes were much mre active when the men had fasted befre exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implicatin f these results is that t gain the greatest health benefits frm exercise, it may be wise t skip eating first.
61. The underlined expressin “stmach it” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably means “______”.
A. digest the meal easilyB. manage withut breakfast
C. decide wisely what t eatD. eat whatever is ffered
62. Why were the 10 peple chsen fr the experiment?
A. Their lifestyles were typical f rdinary peple.
B. Their lack f exercise led t verweight.
C. They culd walk at an average speed.
D. They had slw metablic rates.
63. What happened t thse wh ate breakfast befre exercise?
A. They successfully lst weight.B. They cnsumed a bit mre calries.
C. They burned mre fat n average.D. They displayed higher insulin levels.
64. What culd be learned frm the research?
A. A wrkut after breakfast imprves gene perfrmances.
B. T much wrkut ften slws metablic rates.
C. Lifestyle is nt as imprtant as mrning exercise.
D. Physical exercise befre breakfast is better fr health.
【答案】61. B 62. A 63. B 64. D
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益。
61B【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
62A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的They first fund 10 verweight and inactive but therwise healthy yung men, whse lifestyles are far better and wrse, representative f thse f mst f us.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。
63B【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段的As a result, they burned mre fat during walks n an empty stmach than when they had eaten first. On the ther hand. they burned slightly mre calries(卡路里), n average, during the wrkut after breakfast than after fasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。 另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。
64D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段The implicatin f these results is that t gain the greatest health benefits frm exercise, it may be wise t skip eating first.可知，这些结果的暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。