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2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题八 定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（B卷）
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这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题八 定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（B卷），共7页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.I can never frget the days ________ we wrked tgether in Medical teams in Africa.
2.Giving is a universal pprtunity ________ regardless f yur age, prfessin, religin, and backgrund, yu have the capacity t create change.
3.He intrduced t me a girl ________ prnunciatin was the best in the class.
4.Thse ________ have a passin fr climbing high and difficult muntains are ften lked upn with astnishment.
5.The mst imprtant thing _________ parents can teach their children is hw t get alng withut them.
6._________ is ften the case, the girl frgt t bring her dictinary.
7.Speaking and listening are very imprtant fr a language learning, by _________ yu are sure t make great prgress.
8.He's a very gd actr, _________ a lt f cmedians are nt, and he's a gd directr and a gd writer as well.
9.Bill Gates, fr _________ mney isn't a prblem, still lives a very simple life nw.
10.Next mnth she is ging t live in Beijing, _____ she has sme clse friends.
11._____ impresses peple mst abut Yuan Lngping is his nging ability t fulfill his dreams.
12._____ I finished ding the hmewrk in such a shrt time surprised them all.
13._____ annyed yur father was nt what yu said, but the way yu said it.
14.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and __________ success belngs t thse wh make cnstant effrts.
15.Please tell me __________ the weather is like in yur cuntry this time f year.
16.She is very dear t us. We have prepared t d __________ it takes t save her life.
17.I dn't knw the latest news. That's _____ I have been preparing a reprt all day.
18.The truth was _____ the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste.
19.Infrmatin has been put frward ______ mre middle schl graduates will be admitted int universities.
20.The nly way t succeed at the highest level is t have ttal belief __________ yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field.
二、阅读理解
In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists: "Of the many painters I have knwn, almst all I fund unhealthy ... If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."
He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health, but it wuld take centuries fr painters t switch t less-harmful materials, even as medicine gradually fund sme clues t the painters' health prblems.
The 1834 Lndn Medical and Surgical Jurnal describes sharp stmach pains ccurring in patients with n ther evidence f intestinal(肠的)disease, thus leading the authrs t suspect that this "painter's stmachache" was a "nervus affectin" f the intestine that ccurs when lead "is absrbed int the system".
Paints weren't the nly surce f saturnism(铅中毒)in past centuries, thugh. Thrugh the 1500s, lead was widely used in wine t make the wine tastes sweeter. Occasinally, lead was even used as a medicine. In the Middle Ages, lead culd be fund in makeup.
Thugh many kinds f peple fell victim t saturnism, the disease was perhaps mst widespread amng thse wh wrked with paint. The symptms f this "stmachache" ranged, but they ften included a pale face, tth lss, fatigue, painful stmach aches, and s n. In fact, the illness that many famus artists experienced didn't just prmpt their glmy wrks.
Lead pisning amng histrical figures is difficult t prve, in part because the cnditin was nt knwn r recgnized in mst f their lifetimes. We can't knw whether the madness, depressin, and illnesses many Renaissance masters experienced can be attributed t their paint r just their physilgies(生理机能).
1. In his bk, Bernardinus Ramazzini described the fllwing symptms f many painters except ______.
A. being extremely thinB. depressed feelings
C. being always inactiveD. pale appearance
2. What can we knw abut Bernardinus Ramazzini?
A. He was an Italian physicist. B. He invented less-harmful materials.
C. He made artists stp using paints.D. He thught paints d harm t health.
3. When may be the cnnectin between paint and artists' health first established?
A. In the 16th century.B. In the 18th century.
C. In the 19th century.D. In the 20th century.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Lead was widely used thrughut histry in daily life.
B. Saturnism in past centuries came frm varius surces.
C. All the artists are unhealthy fr they use harmful paints.
D. Typical symptms f artists' disease may be cnnected t paints.
三、语法填空
It is with a very heavy heart that we are sharing the news f the passing f Dr. Alfns (Rick) Radcliffe, wh celebrated his 92nd birthday in Octber. He died ①________(peaceful) at his hme n the evening f Friday. Rick is survived ②________ his sn and daughter-in-law.
Rick was brn in St. Luis, 1928. He ③________ (accept) in the Physics prgram at UCLA at 15 years ld but delayed ④________ (study) t serve in the army. When he was released ne year later, Rick returned t UCLA, cmpleting his BS, MS and Dctrate degree. ⑤________ (arm) with a PhD in Cntrl Systems, Rick went t wrk at Mattel Tys as a Test Engineer, ⑥________ he creatively designed a musical dll. Rick was later hired t serve as Assciate Prfessr f Electrical Engineering fr the new minrity engineering prgram at CSUN, becming the ⑦________ (ne) black Dean f Engineering in the entire CSU system. Amng his many grund breaking ⑧________ (accmplish), Rick was respnsible fr hiring ⑨________ wmen int CSUN's engineering prgram than all f the ther CSU schls cmbined. Rick wrked at CSUN fr 30 years including 10 years f pst-retirement prject wrk.
In keeping with his investigative mind set, Rick dnated his bdy t UCLA fr ⑩________ (science) research.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我永远不会忘记我们在非洲医疗队共事的那些日子。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"days",表示时间,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。故填when。
2.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意为：给予是一种普遍的机会，不管你的年龄、职业、宗教和背景如何，你都有能力创造改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"a universal pprtunity"，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。
3.答案：whse
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他向我介绍了班上发音最好的女孩。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"girl",关系词在从句中作"prnunciatin"的定语,与prnunciatin之间是所属关系,应用whse引导该从句。故填whse。
4.答案：wh/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:那些热爱攀登险峻的高山的人经常被用惊奇的(眼光)看待。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Thse",指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用wh/that引导该从句。故填wh/that。
5.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:父母能够教给孩子的最重要的事就是(让孩子学会)没有他们如何生活。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"thing",指物,且关系词在从句中作teach的宾语。当先行词前有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
6.答案：As
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:这个女孩忘记带她的字典,这是常有的事。as is ften the case是固定短语,意为"情况常常如此,这是常有的事,通常就是这样"。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是逗号后的整个句子,关系词在从句中作主语,意为"正如",应用as引导该从句。先行词位于句首时只能用as,不能用which,故填As。注意首字母大写。
7.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:对语言学习来说,听和说是非常重要的,通过听和说,你一定会取得巨大的进步。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Speaking and listening",指物,且关系词在从句中作by的宾语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
8.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他是一个非常好的演员,许多喜剧演员却不是(好演员),而且他也是一个好的导演和好的作家。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"very gd actr",指演员,且关系词在从句中作表语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
9.答案：whm
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Bill Cates，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词fr的宾语，应用关系代词whm引导该从句。故填whm。
10.答案：where
解析：句意为:下个月她将去北京居住,在那里她有一些好朋友。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Beijing,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
11.答案：What
解析：句意: 袁隆平让人们印象最深刻的是他为实现梦想不断前进的能力。what引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语。
12.答案：That
解析：句意: 我在这么短的时间内完成家庭作业令他们都很吃惊。that引导主语从句, 无词义并且不作成分。
13.答案：What
解析：句意为:惹恼你父亲的不是你说的话,而是你说话的方式。设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为"……的事情",故填What。
14.答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我相信有志者事竟成,成功属于那些不断努力的人。分析句子结构可知, believe后接两个并列的宾语从句,从句不缺任何成分,句意完整,应用that引导该从句; that无实义,只起连接作用。第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。故填that。
15.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:请告诉我你的国家每年这个时候的天气如何。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,空格处在从句中作"like"的宾语,故应用what引导该从句。故填what。
16.答案：whatever
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:她是我们的心肝宝贝。我们已经准备好不惜一切代价去挽救她的生命。It takes sb. sth. t d sth.意为"某人花费……去做某事";分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作"takes"的宾语。根据句意可知,空格处表示"任何事物,一切事物",应用whatever引导该从句。故填whatever。
17.答案：because
解析：句意: 我不清楚最新消息。那是因为我整天都在准备报告。because引导表语从句。
18.答案：that
解析：句意: 事实是宽街水泵的水被废物污染了。设空处引导表语从句, 从句中成分完整所以考虑用从属连词, 又根据句意可知从句为The truth的具体内容, 所以用that。
19.答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。同位语从句that mre middle schl graduates will be admitted int universities解释名词infrmatin的内容。that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,指起引导作用,也也没有任何意思。句意:更多的毕业生将会被大雪录取的信息已经被提出来了。故填that。
20.答案：that
解析： belief后所跟的从句是对其内容进行具体的解释说明的，是同位语从句，从句不缺成分，意义完整，所以用that引导。that在同位语从句中只起链接作用，不作任何成分，也无意义，但不能省略
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CDBD
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings."(极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪）可知，艺术家没有的症状就是C选项。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段"we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(我们应该进一步看到颜料的有害性质。）可知，在Bemardinus Ramazzini看来，颜料对健康是有害的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。 根据第一段"In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists."(在1713年，意大利内科医生Bernardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征.) 和第二段"He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health"(他是第一个认为颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的人。）可知，第一次发表颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的是在1713年，即18世纪。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(如果我们要寻找画家极其消瘦和苍白的面孔，以及悲伤的情绪，我们应该只关注绘画的有害性质）可知，这篇文章以意大利内科医生Bermardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征：极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪，得出结论：颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：1. peacefully2. by3. was accepted4. studying5. Armed6. where7. first8. accmplishments9. mre10. scientific
解析：①考查副词。句意：周五晚上，他在家中平静地去世。空格处用副词 peacefully修饰动词died，故填 peacefully。
②考查介词和固定短语。句意：里克身后留下了儿子和儿媳。由 his sn and daughter-in-law可知，儿子和儿媳比里克活的时间长survive意为"比……活得久"，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是表示被动的by，故填by。
③考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。根据语境可知，他是被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，且由at 5 years ld可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即 was/ were dne，主语He是单数，因此空格处是 was accepted，故填 was accepted。
④考查动名词。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。 delay ding，是固定短语，意为"推迟做某事"，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填 studying。
⑤考查过去分词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司Mattel Tys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。分析可知，句子谓语是went，空格处是非谓语形式，由固定短语 be armed with（装备有）可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填 Armed。
⑥考查定语从句的引导词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司 Mattel Tys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 Mattel Tys是地点，因此空格处用关系副词 where，故填 where。
⑦考查序数词。句意：里克后来被聘为CSUN新成立的少数民族工程项目的电气工程副教授，成为整个CSU系统中第一位黑人工程系主任。the后跟序数词，ne的序数词是first，意为"第一"，故填first。
⑧考查名词的复数。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSU学校的总和还要多。 breaking是形容词，修饰名词， accmplish的名词是 accmplishment，意为"成就"，前面有many，空格处用复数，故填 accmplishments。
⑨考查比较级。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSUN学校的总和还要多。由后面的than可知，空格处用比较级，根据语境可知，句子表示"里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目"，空格处是"更多的"，是mre，故填mre。
⑩考查形容词。句意：为了保持他的调查思维，里克把他的尸体捐给了加州大学洛杉矶分校用于科学研究。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词 research, science的形容词是 scientific，意为"科学的"，故填 scientific。
1.I can never frget the days ________ we wrked tgether in Medical teams in Africa.
2.Giving is a universal pprtunity ________ regardless f yur age, prfessin, religin, and backgrund, yu have the capacity t create change.
3.He intrduced t me a girl ________ prnunciatin was the best in the class.
4.Thse ________ have a passin fr climbing high and difficult muntains are ften lked upn with astnishment.
5.The mst imprtant thing _________ parents can teach their children is hw t get alng withut them.
6._________ is ften the case, the girl frgt t bring her dictinary.
7.Speaking and listening are very imprtant fr a language learning, by _________ yu are sure t make great prgress.
8.He's a very gd actr, _________ a lt f cmedians are nt, and he's a gd directr and a gd writer as well.
9.Bill Gates, fr _________ mney isn't a prblem, still lives a very simple life nw.
10.Next mnth she is ging t live in Beijing, _____ she has sme clse friends.
11._____ impresses peple mst abut Yuan Lngping is his nging ability t fulfill his dreams.
12._____ I finished ding the hmewrk in such a shrt time surprised them all.
13._____ annyed yur father was nt what yu said, but the way yu said it.
14.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and __________ success belngs t thse wh make cnstant effrts.
15.Please tell me __________ the weather is like in yur cuntry this time f year.
16.She is very dear t us. We have prepared t d __________ it takes t save her life.
17.I dn't knw the latest news. That's _____ I have been preparing a reprt all day.
18.The truth was _____ the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste.
19.Infrmatin has been put frward ______ mre middle schl graduates will be admitted int universities.
20.The nly way t succeed at the highest level is t have ttal belief __________ yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field.
二、阅读理解
In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists: "Of the many painters I have knwn, almst all I fund unhealthy ... If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."
He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health, but it wuld take centuries fr painters t switch t less-harmful materials, even as medicine gradually fund sme clues t the painters' health prblems.
The 1834 Lndn Medical and Surgical Jurnal describes sharp stmach pains ccurring in patients with n ther evidence f intestinal(肠的)disease, thus leading the authrs t suspect that this "painter's stmachache" was a "nervus affectin" f the intestine that ccurs when lead "is absrbed int the system".
Paints weren't the nly surce f saturnism(铅中毒)in past centuries, thugh. Thrugh the 1500s, lead was widely used in wine t make the wine tastes sweeter. Occasinally, lead was even used as a medicine. In the Middle Ages, lead culd be fund in makeup.
Thugh many kinds f peple fell victim t saturnism, the disease was perhaps mst widespread amng thse wh wrked with paint. The symptms f this "stmachache" ranged, but they ften included a pale face, tth lss, fatigue, painful stmach aches, and s n. In fact, the illness that many famus artists experienced didn't just prmpt their glmy wrks.
Lead pisning amng histrical figures is difficult t prve, in part because the cnditin was nt knwn r recgnized in mst f their lifetimes. We can't knw whether the madness, depressin, and illnesses many Renaissance masters experienced can be attributed t their paint r just their physilgies(生理机能).
1. In his bk, Bernardinus Ramazzini described the fllwing symptms f many painters except ______.
A. being extremely thinB. depressed feelings
C. being always inactiveD. pale appearance
2. What can we knw abut Bernardinus Ramazzini?
A. He was an Italian physicist. B. He invented less-harmful materials.
C. He made artists stp using paints.D. He thught paints d harm t health.
3. When may be the cnnectin between paint and artists' health first established?
A. In the 16th century.B. In the 18th century.
C. In the 19th century.D. In the 20th century.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Lead was widely used thrughut histry in daily life.
B. Saturnism in past centuries came frm varius surces.
C. All the artists are unhealthy fr they use harmful paints.
D. Typical symptms f artists' disease may be cnnected t paints.
三、语法填空
It is with a very heavy heart that we are sharing the news f the passing f Dr. Alfns (Rick) Radcliffe, wh celebrated his 92nd birthday in Octber. He died ①________(peaceful) at his hme n the evening f Friday. Rick is survived ②________ his sn and daughter-in-law.
Rick was brn in St. Luis, 1928. He ③________ (accept) in the Physics prgram at UCLA at 15 years ld but delayed ④________ (study) t serve in the army. When he was released ne year later, Rick returned t UCLA, cmpleting his BS, MS and Dctrate degree. ⑤________ (arm) with a PhD in Cntrl Systems, Rick went t wrk at Mattel Tys as a Test Engineer, ⑥________ he creatively designed a musical dll. Rick was later hired t serve as Assciate Prfessr f Electrical Engineering fr the new minrity engineering prgram at CSUN, becming the ⑦________ (ne) black Dean f Engineering in the entire CSU system. Amng his many grund breaking ⑧________ (accmplish), Rick was respnsible fr hiring ⑨________ wmen int CSUN's engineering prgram than all f the ther CSU schls cmbined. Rick wrked at CSUN fr 30 years including 10 years f pst-retirement prject wrk.
In keeping with his investigative mind set, Rick dnated his bdy t UCLA fr ⑩________ (science) research.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我永远不会忘记我们在非洲医疗队共事的那些日子。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"days",表示时间,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。故填when。
2.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意为：给予是一种普遍的机会，不管你的年龄、职业、宗教和背景如何，你都有能力创造改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"a universal pprtunity"，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。
3.答案：whse
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他向我介绍了班上发音最好的女孩。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"girl",关系词在从句中作"prnunciatin"的定语,与prnunciatin之间是所属关系,应用whse引导该从句。故填whse。
4.答案：wh/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:那些热爱攀登险峻的高山的人经常被用惊奇的(眼光)看待。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Thse",指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用wh/that引导该从句。故填wh/that。
5.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:父母能够教给孩子的最重要的事就是(让孩子学会)没有他们如何生活。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"thing",指物,且关系词在从句中作teach的宾语。当先行词前有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
6.答案：As
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:这个女孩忘记带她的字典,这是常有的事。as is ften the case是固定短语,意为"情况常常如此,这是常有的事,通常就是这样"。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是逗号后的整个句子,关系词在从句中作主语,意为"正如",应用as引导该从句。先行词位于句首时只能用as,不能用which,故填As。注意首字母大写。
7.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:对语言学习来说,听和说是非常重要的,通过听和说,你一定会取得巨大的进步。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Speaking and listening",指物,且关系词在从句中作by的宾语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
8.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他是一个非常好的演员,许多喜剧演员却不是(好演员),而且他也是一个好的导演和好的作家。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"very gd actr",指演员,且关系词在从句中作表语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
9.答案：whm
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Bill Cates，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词fr的宾语，应用关系代词whm引导该从句。故填whm。
10.答案：where
解析：句意为:下个月她将去北京居住,在那里她有一些好朋友。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Beijing,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
11.答案：What
解析：句意: 袁隆平让人们印象最深刻的是他为实现梦想不断前进的能力。what引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语。
12.答案：That
解析：句意: 我在这么短的时间内完成家庭作业令他们都很吃惊。that引导主语从句, 无词义并且不作成分。
13.答案：What
解析：句意为:惹恼你父亲的不是你说的话,而是你说话的方式。设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为"……的事情",故填What。
14.答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我相信有志者事竟成,成功属于那些不断努力的人。分析句子结构可知, believe后接两个并列的宾语从句,从句不缺任何成分,句意完整,应用that引导该从句; that无实义,只起连接作用。第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。故填that。
15.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:请告诉我你的国家每年这个时候的天气如何。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,空格处在从句中作"like"的宾语,故应用what引导该从句。故填what。
16.答案：whatever
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:她是我们的心肝宝贝。我们已经准备好不惜一切代价去挽救她的生命。It takes sb. sth. t d sth.意为"某人花费……去做某事";分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作"takes"的宾语。根据句意可知,空格处表示"任何事物,一切事物",应用whatever引导该从句。故填whatever。
17.答案：because
解析：句意: 我不清楚最新消息。那是因为我整天都在准备报告。because引导表语从句。
18.答案：that
解析：句意: 事实是宽街水泵的水被废物污染了。设空处引导表语从句, 从句中成分完整所以考虑用从属连词, 又根据句意可知从句为The truth的具体内容, 所以用that。
19.答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。同位语从句that mre middle schl graduates will be admitted int universities解释名词infrmatin的内容。that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,指起引导作用,也也没有任何意思。句意:更多的毕业生将会被大雪录取的信息已经被提出来了。故填that。
20.答案：that
解析： belief后所跟的从句是对其内容进行具体的解释说明的，是同位语从句，从句不缺成分，意义完整，所以用that引导。that在同位语从句中只起链接作用，不作任何成分，也无意义，但不能省略
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CDBD
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings."(极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪）可知，艺术家没有的症状就是C选项。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段"we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(我们应该进一步看到颜料的有害性质。）可知，在Bemardinus Ramazzini看来，颜料对健康是有害的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。 根据第一段"In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists."(在1713年，意大利内科医生Bernardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征.) 和第二段"He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health"(他是第一个认为颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的人。）可知，第一次发表颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的是在1713年，即18世纪。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(如果我们要寻找画家极其消瘦和苍白的面孔，以及悲伤的情绪，我们应该只关注绘画的有害性质）可知，这篇文章以意大利内科医生Bermardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征：极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪，得出结论：颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：1. peacefully2. by3. was accepted4. studying5. Armed6. where7. first8. accmplishments9. mre10. scientific
解析：①考查副词。句意：周五晚上，他在家中平静地去世。空格处用副词 peacefully修饰动词died，故填 peacefully。
②考查介词和固定短语。句意：里克身后留下了儿子和儿媳。由 his sn and daughter-in-law可知，儿子和儿媳比里克活的时间长survive意为"比……活得久"，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是表示被动的by，故填by。
③考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。根据语境可知，他是被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，且由at 5 years ld可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即 was/ were dne，主语He是单数，因此空格处是 was accepted，故填 was accepted。
④考查动名词。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。 delay ding，是固定短语，意为"推迟做某事"，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填 studying。
⑤考查过去分词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司Mattel Tys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。分析可知，句子谓语是went，空格处是非谓语形式，由固定短语 be armed with（装备有）可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填 Armed。
⑥考查定语从句的引导词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司 Mattel Tys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 Mattel Tys是地点，因此空格处用关系副词 where，故填 where。
⑦考查序数词。句意：里克后来被聘为CSUN新成立的少数民族工程项目的电气工程副教授，成为整个CSU系统中第一位黑人工程系主任。the后跟序数词，ne的序数词是first，意为"第一"，故填first。
⑧考查名词的复数。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSU学校的总和还要多。 breaking是形容词，修饰名词， accmplish的名词是 accmplishment，意为"成就"，前面有many，空格处用复数，故填 accmplishments。
⑨考查比较级。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSUN学校的总和还要多。由后面的than可知，空格处用比较级，根据语境可知，句子表示"里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目"，空格处是"更多的"，是mre，故填mre。
⑩考查形容词。句意：为了保持他的调查思维，里克把他的尸体捐给了加州大学洛杉矶分校用于科学研究。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词 research, science的形容词是 scientific，意为"科学的"，故填 scientific。
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