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2022-2023学年甘肃省兰州市西北中学高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年甘肃省兰州市西北中学高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版），共22页。
2022－2023学年度第一学期第二次质量检测
高三英语试卷
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Dublin is the capital of Ireland and is the largest city in the country. The best time to visit Dublin is in late spring and early autumn. These months offer the best combination of smaller crowds but better weather. The warmest days arrive in June, July and August, but these months tend to bring huge crowds of visitors and English-language students.
Language: The spoken language in Dublin is English with a lot of local Irish words and expressions thrown in.
Currency: The currency used in Dublin is the Euro. International credit cards are also widely accepted, but it is a good idea to have some cash on hand — particularly if you plan to take Dublin Bus, which only accepts exact change in coins.
Getting Around: The best way to get around Dublin is to walk. The city is small enough that most of the major sites and best places to eat can be reached within 15 minutes on foot, so renting a car is usually more trouble than it is worth.
Things to Do:
Dublin Castle: book ahead to visit the richly decorated State Apartments, or stop by to admire the 13th century towers and beautiful gardens.
The Guinness Storehouse: visit the birthplace of Ireland’s favorite beer, learn how to pour a perfect pint(品脱), and enjoy a drink overlooking the rooftops of Dublin in the Gravity Bar.
Of course, it is possible to visit Dublin without drinking, but it would be a missed opportunity to try some of the local favorites.
Culture and Customs:
Visitors will probably recognize many of the customs in Dublin as familiar, but there are a few differences between what is polite in Ireland versus the US. Tipping, for instance, is almost never done at a pub (unless you are telling the barman to keep the change), and most restaurants add a tip automatically as part of a service charge. But you are free to tip your tour guide.
1. What do we know about the best time to visit Dublin from the text?
A. The weather in June is pleasant to visit Dublin.
B. September is a good time to visit Dublin.
C. Most students like to visit Dublin in late spring.
D. Not many people visit Dublin in August.
2. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. There is little difference between Irish and American culture.
B. You are supposed to leave a tip in a bar in Dublin.
C. Restaurants in Dublin usually add a tip to their bill.
D. Dublin tour guides don’t accept tips.
3. Where is this text likely to be found?
A. A travel guide B. A magazine
C. A storybook D. A newsletter
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章讲述了有关游览都柏林的一些注意事项，诸如最佳时间，语言，货币，交通方式，著名景点，文化和风俗等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The best time to visit Dublin is in late spring and early autumn. These months offer the best combination of smaller crowds but better weather. The warmest days arrive in June, July and August, but these months tend to bring huge crowds of visitors and English-language students.(游览都柏林的最佳时间是春末秋初。这几个月的最佳组合是人群较少但天气较好。最温暖的日子是6月、7月和8月，但这几个月往往会吸引大量游客和学英语的学生)”可知，六月的天气适合游览都柏林。九月不被包括在游览都柏林的时间里，学英语的学生喜欢6-8月去都柏林而并非大部分学生，8月会有大量的游客，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“Visitors will probably recognize many of the customs in Dublin as familiar, but there are a few differences between what is polite in Ireland versus the US. Tipping, for instance, is almost never done at a pub (unless you are telling the barman to keep the change), and most restaurants add a tip automatically as part of a service charge. But you are free to tip your tour guide.( 游客可能会对都柏林的许多习俗感到熟悉，但爱尔兰和美国的礼貌还是有一些不同的。例如，在酒吧里几乎从不给小费(除非你告诉酒保不用找了)，而且大多数餐馆会自动把小费作为服务费的一部分。但你可以给导游小费)”可知，爱尔兰和美国文化有一些不同，都柏林的酒吧几乎不给小费，而大多数餐馆会自动把小费作为服务费的一部分，导游可以给小费，故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The best time to visit Dublin is in late spring and early autumn. These months offer the best combination of smaller crowds but better weather. The warmest days arrive in June, July and August, but these months tend to bring huge crowds of visitors and English-language students.(游览都柏林的最佳时间是春末秋初。这几个月的最佳组合是人群较少但天气较好。最温暖的日子是6月、7月和8月，但这几个月往往会吸引大量游客和学英语的学生)”以及下文一些有关注意事项可知，本文是参观都柏林的旅游指导，因此推断本文很有可能在旅游指导中被发现。故选A。
B
Southwest High School teacher Tiffany Messer had visited the U.S. Holocaust (大屠杀) Memorial Museum as a student but saw it from a new angle as an educator looking for new ways to bring an understanding of Holocaust history into her classroom. Messer was one of 221 teachers across the US who attended the 24th annual Arthur and Rochelle Belfer National Conference for Educators, a three-day workshop that was hosted by the museum. The annual conference is part of the museum’s ongoing effort to provide educators with the knowledge and skills so that they can bring Holocaust education back to their classrooms in an effective and relevant way.
Messer, now in her third year of teaching at Southwest High School, was looking for professional development opportunities and saw information on the Belfer conference online. It fitted her love for history, particularly European history, and a desire to teach it to her students in the most engaging way possible. One of the things she learned is that bringing a historical event to a personal level helps to deepen the understanding of that event.
Walking through the shoe room at the museum, you can see the massive piles of discarded (丢弃的) shoes that tell the story of the thousands of Jews who died in concentration camps. Their shoes and suitcases are just some of the personal items that belonged to mothers, fathers, sons and daughters. “One of the things they stressed at the conference is you don’t talk about the Holocaust in terms of the people — you talk about it more on the scale of numbers,” she said.
Messer hopes her students will come away from lessons on the Holocaust with a reminder that history is circular and repeats itself. “My goal in teaching them, I want them to become better citizens,” Messer said. “I want them to realize that because one person said others looked different or acted differently, it changed the world in a negative way. We don’t have to do it again.”
4. What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the first paragraph?
A. Educators B. New ways
C. Annual conferences D. Historical events
5. What do we know about Messer from the text?
A. She organized a three-day workshop.
B. She has a deep love for Holocaust history.
C. She is an educator at the Holocaust Memorial Museum.
D. She has been working for Southwest High School for three years.
6. What did Messer learn from the conference?
A. Showing pictures of history to students is not useful.
B. Never talk about the numbers of people in the Holocaust.
C. Shoes left in concentration camps are evidence from history.
D. Experiencing historical events deepens people’s understanding.
7. What does Messer think of history?
A. People should draw lessons from history.
B. History changed the world in a negative way.
C. We can find the meaning of life from history.
D. Students shouldn’t do things that happened in history.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Tiffany Messer作为一名老师寻求新的方式将大屠杀历史事件带入到课堂，让其学生能够更好地去了解历史，从历史中吸取教训，从而能做更好的公民。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“The annual conference is part of the museum’s ongoing effort to provide educators with the knowledge and skills so that they can bring Holocaust education back to their classrooms in an effective and relevant way.(该年度会议是博物馆持续努力向教育工作者提供知识和技能的一部分，以便他们能够以有效和相关的方式将大屠杀教育带回课堂。)”可知，一年一度的会议给教育工作者们提供了学习知识和技能的机会，从而让他们能够将关于大屠杀的历史带入教学当中，因此可推知此处的“they”指代前文的educators。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Messer, now in her third year of teaching at Southwest High School, was looking for professional development opportunities and saw information on the Belfer conference online(现在是Messer在西南高中任教的第三年，她正在寻找职业发展机会，并在网上看到了贝尔弗会议的信息)”可知，Messer一位在西南高中任教的老师，她在那里已经工作了三年。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“One of the things she learned is that bringing a historical event to a personal level helps to deepen the understanding of that event.(她学到的一件事是，将一个历史事件带到个人层面有助于加深对那个事件的理解)”可知，她认为通过去亲身去了解历史，体验历史事件能够让人对历史有更好的理解。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Messer hopes her students will come away from lessons on the Holocaust with a reminder that history is circular and repeats itself. “My goal in teaching them, I want them to become better citizens,” Messer said.( Messer希望她的学生从大屠杀的教训中吸取教训，提醒自己历史是循环往复的。Messer说：“我教育他们的目标是，希望他们成为更好的公民。”)”可知，她希望她的学生能够从大屠杀中吸取教训，不要让历史重演。因此可知，她认为人们应该从历史事件中吸取经验教训。故选A项。
C
In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike. And now it’s happening again to the Cavendish — another kind of banana.
With its easily transported, thick-skinned and sweet-tasting fruit, the Gros Michel had been widely grown on plantations (种植园) in Central America. United Fruit, the main grower and exporter in South America at the time, mass-produced its bananas in the most efficient way possible: it cloned branches from the stems (茎) of plants instead of growing plants from seeds, and continued to grow them in heavily packed fields.
Unfortunately, these conditions are also perfect for the spread of a kind of fungus (菌类), which attacks the plant’s roots and prevents it from transporting water to the stem and leaves. The fungus was resistant to crop sprays and travelled around on boots or the tyres of trucks, slowly spreading to all plantations across the region. The farmers had made great efforts to escape the fungus, but they failed. Then, after along search, they finally found the Cavendish. Its bananas tasted good enough to keep consumers happy. Most importantly, that fungus didn’t seem to affect it. In a few years, United Fruit had saved itself by filling its plantations with thousands of the new plants.
While the operation was a huge success for the Latin American industry, the Cavendish banana itself is far from safe. In 2014, South East Asia, another major banana producer, exported four million tons of Cavendish bananas. But, in 2015, its exports had dropped by 46 percent because of a combination of another kind of fungus and bad weather.
Growing practices in South East Asia haven’t helped the matters. Growers can’t always afford the expensive lab-based methods to clone plants from branches without spreading the disease. Also, they often aren’t strict enough about cleaning farm equipment and fields. As a result, the fungus has spread to Australia and the Middle East — and Latin America, heavily dependent on its Cavendish crops, could easily be the next.
8. What does the underlined word “lucrative” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A. Rare B. Smelly
C. Cheap D. Profitable
9. According to the text, what contributed to the spread of the fungus?
A. Misuse of crop sprays. B. Movement of people and vehicles
C. Overcrowded banana fields. D. Rarely cleared farmland.
10. What advantage does the Cavendish have over the Big Mike?
A. It tastes better and yields more.
B. Its bananas are cheaper to clone.
C. Its bananas are easier to transport.
D. It is unaffected by the fungus that ruined the Big Mike.
11. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of the Cavendish?
A. Worried B. Optimistic
C. Ambiguous D. Indifferent
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是继20世纪50年代中美洲最赚钱的产品——Gros Michel 香蕉死亡之后即将面临同样命运的Cavendish香蕉被真菌感染的原因及其前景。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike. (20世纪50年代，中美洲商业香蕉种植者面临着他们最赚钱的产品——the Gros Michel香蕉的死亡。)”以及文章第二段“With its easily transported，thick-skinned and sweet-tasting fruit，the Gros Michel had been widely grown on plantations (种植园) in Central America.(由于运输方便、果皮厚、味道香甜，the Gros Michel香蕉在中美洲的种植园里广泛种植。)”可以推断中美洲商业香蕉种植者之所以在中美洲的种植园里广泛种植the Gros Michel香蕉是因为这种香蕉特赚钱，所以此处划线词“lucrative”的意思应该是“赚钱的”，与D项Profitable意思相近。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The fungus was resistant to crop sprays and travelled around on boots or the tyres of trucks, slowly spreading to all plantations across the region.(这种真菌对农作物喷雾剂具有抗药性，通过靴子或卡车轮胎四处传播，慢慢扩散到该地区的所有种植园。)”可知这种真菌可以在附着在人的靴子上或者车轮上到处传播。所以说是人和交通工具的运动导致了它的传播。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Most importantly, that fungus didn’t seem to affect it.(最重要的是，真菌似乎没有影响它。)”可知Cavendish香蕉与Gros Michel香蕉相比其优势是它不受破坏了Gros Michel香蕉的真菌的影响。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike. And now it’s happening again to the Cavendish — another kind of banana.( 20世纪50年代，中美洲商业香蕉种植者面临着他们最赚钱的产品——Gros Michel香蕉的死亡。现在这种情况又发生在Cavendish香蕉上——另一种香蕉。)”以及文章最后一段“Growing practices in South East Asia haven’t helped the matters. Growers can’t always afford the expensive lab-based methods to clone plants from branches without spreading the disease. Also, they often aren’t strict enough about cleaning farm equipment and fields. As a result, the fungus has spread to Australia and the Middle East — and Latin America, heavily dependent on its Cavendish crops, could easily be the next.(东南亚越来越多的做法并没有帮助解决问题。种植者不能总是负担得起昂贵的基于实验室的从树枝上克隆植物而不传播疾病的方法。此外，他们通常对清洁农业设备和田地不够严格。结果，这种真菌传播到了澳大利亚和中东——而严重依赖Cavendish的拉丁美洲很可能是下一个。)”可知由于对清洁农业设备和田地不够严格所以这种真菌传播到了澳大利亚和中东——而严重依赖Cavendish的拉丁美洲很可能是下一个，由此可以推断真菌正在逐渐影响Cavendish香蕉的生产区域，所以作者对于这种香蕉的未来的态度是担忧的。故选A项。
D
Scientists have come up with a new way of identifying animals in an area — by testing DNA sucked out of the air. The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track of animals that are hard to spot, including endangered animals.
Two teams of scientists — one in Denmark and one in the United Kingdom — came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating in the air?
Testing for eDNA (“environmental” DNA) isn’t a new idea，but most of the time，scientists look for eDNA in water. DNA in the air is usually so small that it would take a microscope to see it. The scientists didn’t have high hopes for their experiment.
Neither team knew that the other group was working on a similar experiment. One collected samples from different locations at Denmark’s Copenhagen Zoo, and the other at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK. The scientists used slightly different methods to collect their samples. But basically，both teams used vacuums (真空装置) and fans to collect extremely tiny bits of DNA onto very high quality filters (过滤器).
In the laboratory, they got the DNA from the filters and made copies of it to study. By comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos.
The researchers in Denmark identified 49 different kinds of animals. The team in the UK identified 25 different kinds of animals. They even identified DNA from animals that were inside sealed buildings
Each team only discovered the other experiment after they had written a paper about their own results. Instead of competing, the two decided to combine their results and publish a paper together.
Both teams are excited about the ways this new method could be used in the wild. Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering with them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. “The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature,” says Dr. Bohmann.
12. What was the scientists’ attitude towards their experiment initially?
A. Hopeful B. Skeptical C. Disappointed D. Satisfied
13. Which description about the two teams is correct?
A. They knew each other very well before.
B. Both of them are from the same country.
C. Their research methods were not exactly the same.
D. They identified DNA from nearly 70 kinds of animals in total.
14. What is the positive effect of this experiment?
A. It increases human interaction with wildlife.
B. It enables the two teams to compete in science.
C. It could help people escape from dangerous animals.
D. It could help protect endangered animals in a better way.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A Groundbreaking Way to Test DNA
B. DNA of Animals in the UK and Denmark
C. Scientists Identify Animals by DNA in the Air
D Two Experimental Teams Doing the Same Thing
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过空气中的DNA识别动物，并用此方法来帮助保护濒危动物。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“DNA in the air is usually so small that it would take a microscope to see it. The scientists didn’t have high hopes for their experiment. (空气中的DNA通常很小，需要用显微镜才能看到。科学家们对他们的实验不抱太大希望。)”可推断，科学家们最初对他们的实验持怀疑的态度。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The scientists used slightly different methods to collect their samples. (科学家们收集样本的方法略有不同。)”可知，他们的研究方法并不完全相同。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track of animals that are hard to spot, including endangered animals. (研究人员认为，他们的新方法可以帮助科学家跟踪那些难以发现的动物，包括濒危动物。)”和最后一段“Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering with them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. (科学家们一直在寻找在不干扰濒危动物的情况下追踪它们的更好方法。如果研究人员知道动物生活在哪里，他们就能更好地保护它们。)”可知，这个实验的积极效果是可以帮助更好地保护濒危动物。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have come up with a new way of identifying animals in an area — by testing DNA sucked out of the air. (科学家们想出了一种新的方法来识别一个地区的动物——通过检测从空气中吸入的DNA。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过空气中的DNA识别动物，并用此方法来帮助保护濒危动物。所以“Scientists Identify Animals by DNA in the Air(科学家通过空气中的DNA识别动物)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
Studies have shown that to cultivate (培养) gratitude can increase an individual’s happiness, reduce one’s sadness, and give strength to a person. Those who consciously express and cultivate gratitude have been reported to have much higher self-esteem (自尊) compared to those who do not. They are also more willing to help others. ___16___
Wondering how you yourself can cultivate gratitude more and more every single day? Below are some wonderful tips to follow.
A board on the wall is a great boost, especially in work environments. ___17___ Remember that it is very important to acknowledge what to appreciate, especially when you don’t really feel grateful. It can change your mood for the better right away.
___18___ Another way to cultivate gratitude in your life, whether at home or in the workplace, is gratitude cards. Give them to your colleagues or your clients. You can show your appreciation by saying what you’re actually grateful for on the cards.
Give heart-felt thanks. It’s not your casual thank you like saying “hi” without really thinking about it. We’re talking about good quality, deeply grateful, heartfelt thanks. When someone goes out of their way to do something really important for you, you should make them know how grateful you are to them. ___19___ If possible，do it in person. This will have a bigger impact if you say it rather than just emailing them.
___20___ Cultivating gratitude will not only help you keep going in a challenging work environment, but also make you have a positive attitude to do an amazing job or to accomplish a difficult task.
A. Gratitude cards.
B. Gratitude journal.
C. This type of behavior always connects to greater happiness.
D. And you can’t wait to help others see this positive change as well.
E. The board lets everyone write down what they are grateful for.
F. And let them believe you can’t wait to do something awesome for them, too.
G. Just imagine the positive culture shift if everyone went ahead and thanked other people for their help.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养感恩之心的几条建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Studies have shown that to cultivate (培养) gratitude can increase an individual’s happiness, reduce one’s sadness, and give strength to a person. Those who consciously express and cultivate gratitude have been reported to have much higher self-esteem (自尊) compared to those who do not. They are also more willing to help others.(研究表明，培养感恩可以增加一个人的快乐，减少一个人的悲伤，并给人力量。据报道，那些有意识地表达和培养感激之情的人比那些不这样做的人有更高的自尊。他们也更愿意帮助别人。)”可知本段主要讲的是培养感恩以及懂得感恩的好处，空处位于段末，应是对本段内容的总结，所以应该总的来说感恩的积极作用。C项“This type of behavior always connects to greater happiness.(这种行为总是能带来更大的快乐。)”概括全段内容，符合上下文语境，故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据空前“A board on the wall is a great boost, especially in work environments. (墙上的板子是一个很大的促进，特别是在工作环境中。)”可知此处讲的是要学会将自己感激的事情写下来，根据空后“Remember that it is very important to acknowledge what to appreciate, especially when you don’t really feel grateful. It can change your mood for the better right away.(记住，承认值得感激的事情是非常重要的，尤其是当你没有真正感到感激的时候。它可以让你的情绪立刻变得更好。)”可知此处讲的是板子上应该写下一些自己认为值得感激的事情，空处承上启下，所以空格处应该说得是这个板子的作用，E项“The board lets everyone write down what they are grateful for.(这个板子让每个人写下他们感激的事情。)”承接启下，符合上下文语境，故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据空后“Another way to cultivate gratitude in your life, whether at home or in the workplace, is gratitude cards.(另一种在生活中培养感恩之心的方法，无论是在家里还是在工作场所，就是感恩卡。)”可知本段主要介绍感恩卡这种培养感恩之心的方法，所以空处应该是和感恩卡有关的建议，A项“Gratitude cards.(感恩卡)”符合上下文语境，故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空前“When someone goes out of their way to do something really important for you, you should make them know how grateful you are to them.(当有人不辞辛劳为你做一些非常重要的事情时，你应该让他们知道你是多么感激他们。)”可知此处是在说当有人帮助了我们时我们应该让别人知道我们对他们的感激之情，根据空后“If possible，do it in person. This will have a bigger impact if you say it rather than just emailing them.(如果可能的话，当面说。如果你说出来而不是发邮件，效果会更大。)”可知如果可能，我们最好亲自告诉对方我们的感激，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该让对方知道我们的感激的真诚，那就是我们也乐意为他们做一些极好的事情。F项“And let them believe you can’t wait to do something awesome for them, too.(让他们相信你也等不及要为他们做一些了不起的事情。)”承上启下，而且F项中的them指代上文的someone，awesome与上文的important对应，副词too在语意上和上文之间是递进关系，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“Cultivating gratitude will not only help you keep going in a challenging work environment, but also make you have a positive attitude to do an amazing job or to accomplish a difficult task.(培养感恩之心不仅能帮助你在充满挑战的工作环境中坚持下去，还能让你有积极的态度去完成一份出色的工作或一项艰巨的任务。)”可知此处是在总结全文，概括培养感恩之心的好处，所以空处应该概括全段的内容，G项“Just imagine the positive culture shift if everyone went ahead and thanked other people for their help(想象一下，如果每个人都去感谢别人的帮助，会产生怎样积极的文化转变。)”概括全文，而且G项的the positive culture shift指代的是gratitude这种行为，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Green is a very common word in American English. Sometimes, the word green means ___21___, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ___22___ or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no ___23___, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a little cow whose horns (角) had not yet ___24___. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the ___25___ it has today — a person who is new in a job. About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular ___26___ in the American West. Elderly people used it to ___27___ a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities in the east. The greenhorn ___28___ the skills he would need to live in the hard, rough country.
Someone who has the ___29___ to grow plants well is said to have green thumb. The expression comes from the early 1900s. A person with a green thumb seems to have a(n) ____30____ touch that makes plants grow ____31____ and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden ____32____ to grow long after your plants have died.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion, ____33____. The “green-eyed monster” is not a(n) ____34____ creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play Othello. It describes the ____35____ feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may ____36____ the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins ____37____ someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may ____38____ your friend if you get a pay rise and she does not.
In most places in the world, a green light is a sign to move ____39____. In everyday speech, a green light means ____40____ to continue with a project.
21. A. tense B. warm C. stable D. young
22. A. healthy B. ripe C. healed D. large
23. A. experience B. interest C. ambition D. respect
24. A. developed B. hurt C. changed D. recovered
25. A. answer B. importance C. meaning D. influence
26. A. product B. brand C. expression D. slogan
27. A. describe B. charge C. welcome D. attack
28. A. gained B. lacked C. exercised D. valued
29. A. hobby B. facility C. energy D. ability
30. A. magic B. different C. proper D. accurate
31. A. certainly B. deeply C. quickly D. early
32. A. expects B. fails C. continues D. intends
33. A. happiness B. jealousy C. anger D. despair
34. A. elegant B. frightening C. ridiculous D. precious
35. A. comfortable B. strange C. terrible D. unpleasant
36. A. suffer from B. benefit from C. escape from D. result from
37. A. making up with B. looking out for C. looking up to D. going out with
38. A. affect B. become C. betray D. trust
39. A. away B. around C. over D. ahead
40. A. decision B. hesitation C. approval D. preparation
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文时一篇说明文。文章介绍了green一词的不同词义。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，green代表着年轻、新生以及成长。A.tense紧张的；B. warm温暖的；C. stable稳定的；D. young年轻的。根据下文“fresh and growing”可知，此处指green代表着年轻、新生以及成长。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，它描述那些没成熟或者尚未完成的东西。A. healthy健康的；B. ripe成熟的；C. healed被治愈的；D. large大的。根据下文“or finished”可知，空格处词义与finished接近，故ripe“成熟的”符合语境，且与前文的“fresh and growing”呼应。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，greenhorn(新手)是指那些没有经验或者初到某个环境的人。A. experience经验；B. interest兴趣；C. ambition雄心；D. respect尊重。根据下文“who is new to a situation”可知，此处指新手，是指那些缺乏经验的人。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：15世纪，greenhorn是指触角尚未发育完全的幼年公牛。A. developed成长；发展；B. hurt伤害；C. changed改变；D. recovered痊愈。根据上文“a greenhorn was a little cow”可知，此处指幼年公牛的触角尚未发育完全。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了18世纪，greenhorn被赋予了最新的含义并一直使用至今——新人。A. answer答案；B. importance重要性；C. meaning意义；D. influence影响。根据下文“— a person who is new in a job”可知，这是greenhorn的又一个含义。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在100多年前美国西部，greenhorn是个非常流行的表达。A. product产品；B. brand品牌；C. expression表达；D. slogan标语。根据下文“Elderly people used it to ___7___ a man”可知，greenhorn是一个表达。故选C。
27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老人们把那些刚刚从东部大城市来到西部的人称为greenhorn。A. describe描述；B. charge起诉；收费；C. welcome欢迎；D. attack攻击。根据上文“Sometimes, it describes something”可知，老人们用greenhorn来描述那些刚刚从东部大城市来到西部的人。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：greenhorn 普遍缺乏在艰苦条件下生存的技巧。A. gained获得；B. lacked缺乏；C. exercised锻炼；D. valued重视。根据上文“who had just arrived from one of the big cities in the east”可知，greenhorn是那些刚刚从东部大城市来到西部的人，所以他们缺乏在艰苦条件下生存的技巧。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人很擅长种植，人们便会说这个人很具有园艺才能(green thumb)。A. hobby爱好；B. facility设施；C. energy能量；D. ability能力。根据下文“to grow plants well”可知，此处指有能力种好庄稼。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有绿色拇指的人（园艺专家）仿佛有魔力可以使植物长的又快又好。A. magic有魔力的；B. different健康的；C. proper健康的；D. accurate健康的。根据下文“You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden ___12___ to grow long after your plants have died.（如果隔壁女人的花园里的植物在你园中的植物都死掉以后依旧生长，你就可以说这个女人是个园艺专家。）”可知，有绿色拇指的人仿佛有魔力可以使植物长的又快又好。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. certainly肯定地；B. deeply深深地；C. quickly迅速地；D. early早地。根据下文“and well”可知，此处指植物长的又快又好。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果隔壁女人的花园里的植物在你园中的植物都死掉以后依旧生长，你就可以说这个女人是个园艺专家。A. expects期待；B. fails失败；C. continues继续；D. intends打算。根据上文“Someone who has the ___9___ to grow plants well is said to have green thumb.”和下文“after your plants have died”可知，隔壁女人的花园里的植物在你园中的植物都死掉以后依旧生长，所以可以说这个女人是个园艺专家。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：绿色也可用来表达一种强烈的情感——嫉妒。A. happiness幸福；B. jealousy嫉妒；C. anger生气；D. despair绝望。根据下文“It describes the ___15___ feeling a person has when someone has something he wants.”可知，绿色也可用来表达嫉妒的心情。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“绿眼怪”并不是来自外太空的可怕生物。A. elegant优雅的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. ridiculous荒谬的；D. precious珍贵的。根据下文“from outer space”可知，此处指来自外太空的可怕生物。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它用来描述一个人在别人拥有某种他想要的东西时的不高兴的情绪。A. comfortable舒适的；B. strange奇怪的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。根据下文“when someone has something he wants”可知，别人拥有了自己想要的东西时会感觉心理不舒服，会不愉快。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果一个年轻人的女朋友开始跟其他人约会，他就可能会嫉妒。A. suffer from遭受；B. benefit from从……受益；C. escape from逃离；D. result from由……引起。根据下文“if his girlfriend begins ___17___ someone else”可知，当一个年轻人的女朋友开始跟其他人约会时，他就可能会遭受嫉妒的心情。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. making up with与……和好；B. looking out for留意，注意；C. looking up to敬仰；D. going out with和……约会。根据上文“It describes the 15 feeling a person has when someone has something he wants.”可知，“绿眼怪”用来描述一个人在别人拥有某种他想要的东西时的不高兴的情绪，因此推断此处指自己的女朋友开始跟其他人约会，所以会嫉妒。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者，如果你的工资涨了而你的朋友没有，她也可能会嫉妒。A. affect影响；侵袭；B. become变得；C. betray背叛；D. trust信任。根据下文“if you get a pay rise and she does not”可知，你的工资涨了而你的朋友没有，她也可能会嫉妒。affect“侵袭”，此处表示“绿眼怪”侵袭了朋友，朋友是嫉妒的。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在世界上的大多数地方，绿灯是一个前行的信号。A. away离开，远离；B. around到处，四处；C. over结束；D. ahead向前。根据常识可知，绿灯是一个前行的信号。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在日常用语中，绿灯意味着准许继续进行一个项目。A. decision决定；B.hesitation犹豫；C.approval同意，批准；D.preparation准备。根据上文“a green light is a sign to move ___19___.”可知，绿灯意味着准许继续进行一个项目。故选C。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zheng Chunhui, a wood carving craftsman for nearly four decades, has recently been busy ___41___ a new creation — a wood carving 100 meters long and 2.6 meters high，depicting (描绘) the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. In his carving, Zheng hopes to show local traditions and customs of the ___42___ (area) along the canal’s route.
Born in 1968, Zheng became a wood carving craftsman in 1983. His birthplace, Putian, Fujian Province, is known for ___43___ (it) Putian wood carving. “I was really interested in painting and other arts during childhood, so I ___44___ (choose) to become a craftsman,” Zheng said.
His love of painting can ___45___ (see) in his wood carvings. Similar to ___46___ landscape themes of traditional Chinese paintings, Zheng’s artworks are also about nature. “I often draw my ___47___ (inspire) from the poems and paintings of ancient artists, and then express my understanding of them by ___48___ (create) new works with different types of wood,” Zheng said.
___49___ (exhibit) his works and promote the craft, Zheng opened a wood carving gallery in Putian in 2015,the first run by an individual artist and free to the public.
Zheng plans to finish the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal wood carving in three years. “It will take a lot of time and energy to complete, ___50___ I am confident in my skills and experience,” he said.
【答案】41. with
42. areas 43. its
44. chose 45. be seen
46. the 47. inspiration
48. creating
49. To exhibit
50. but
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。介绍了从事木雕工作近40年的郑春晖最近忙着创作一件新作品——京杭大运河。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：从事木雕工作近40年的郑春晖最近忙着创作一件新作品——一件长100米、高2.6米，描绘了京杭大运河的木雕。固定搭配be busy with sth. “忙于某事”。故填with。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：在他的雕刻中，郑希望展示运河沿区域的当地传统和风俗。根据空前冠词the，可知空处应为名词。又因提示词“area”为可数名词，故应为复数形式。故填areas。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：他的出生地是福建莆田，以莆田木雕而闻名。 根据空后的名词“Putian wood carving”可知，提示词应变为相应的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：“我小时候对绘画和其他艺术很感兴趣，所以我选择成为一名工匠，”郑说。分析句子成分可知，so为连词，所以空处应为结果状语从句的谓语动词，再结合主句动词“was interested”为一般过去时，所以空处应为一般过去时。故填chose。
【45题详解】
考查语态。句意：他对绘画的热爱可以从他的木雕中看出。分析句子成分可知，本句主句为“love”，为物，作主语，谓语动词应为被动，又因空前为情态动词“can”，所以空处应为be done。故填be seen。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与中国传统绘画的山水主题类似，郑的作品也与自然有关。根据空后的名词结构“landscape themes”可知，空处应为冠词，又因“landscape themes of traditional Chinese paintings”为中国特有，应为定冠词。故填the。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：“我经常从古代艺术家的诗歌和绘画中获得灵感，然后通过用不同类型的木材创作新作品来表达我对他们的理解，”郑说。根据空前的动词“draw”可知，空处应为名词作宾语。故填inspiration。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我经常从古代艺术家的诗歌和绘画中获得灵感，然后通过用不同类型的木材创作新作品来表达我对他们的理解，”郑说。空前为介词“by”，所以空处应为doing作宾语。故填creating。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了展示自己的作品并推广木雕工艺，2015年，郑在莆田开设了一家木雕画廊，这是第一家由个人艺术家经营并免费向公众开放的画廊。分析句子成分可知，本句谓语动词为“opened”，且无连词，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，结合句意可知，应为不定式作目的状语，故填To exhibit。
【50题详解】
考查连词。句意：他说：“这将需要大量的时间和精力来完成，但我对自己的技能和经验有信心。” 分析句子成分可知，本句有两个谓语动词，分别为“will take”和“am”，所以空处应为连词。结合句意可知，虽然要花费很多时间和精力，但是郑对自己很有信心。故填but。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was very small, my parents will tell me stories before bedtime. Among these stories, I was very interesting in fairy tales. The famous stories like The Little Mermaid, Cinderella and Snow White are very familiar with me. I learned a lot of from these stories, what made me a strong girl. As a girl, I knew I must have a strong will like these fairy. I should ever run away or give up when faced with difficulties. The most important thing I learnt from the fairies was to have kind heart. As the saying went, a kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making something around it freshen into smiles.
【答案】1. will→would 2. interesting→interested 3. with→to 4. 删除of 5. what→which
6. fairy→fairies 7. ever→never 8.在kind前面加a 9. went→goes
10. something→everything
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者小时候，父母会在睡前给她讲故事，她从这些故事中学到了很多，这让她成为了一个坚强的女孩。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：当我很小的时候，父母会在睡前给我讲故事。根据“When I was very small”可知，此处是讲述过去发生的事情，应用“would + 动词原形”来表示过去经常做的事情。故将will改为would。
2.考查固定短语。句意：在这些故事中，我对童话非常感兴趣。be interested in是固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”。故将interesting改为interested。
3.考查介词。句意：《小美人鱼》、《灰姑娘》和《白雪公主》等著名故事对我来说非常熟悉。be familiar with意为“某人熟悉某人或某物”；be familiar to意为“某物或某事为某人所熟悉”。根据句意，此处指“《小美人鱼》、《灰姑娘》和《白雪公主》等著名故事为我所熟悉”，故用be familiar to。故将with改为to。
4.考查介词。句意：我从这些故事中学到了很多，这让我成为了一个坚强的女孩。a lot意为“许多”，词性可以为副词，用来修饰动词，在句中作状语，也可以为名词词性，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等；而a lot of意为“许多的”，词性为形容词，用来修饰名词，在句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，这里作learned的宾语，of多余。故将of删除。
5.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故将what改为which。
6.考查名词的数。句意：作为一个女孩，我知道我必须像这些仙女一样有坚强的意志。根据句中“these”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故将fairy改为fairies。
7.考查副词。句意：当我遇到困难时，我不应该逃跑或放弃。根据句意可知，此处指“我不应该逃跑或放弃”。ever意为“曾经”，此处应用never，意为“绝不”，表示否定。故将ever改为never。
8.考查冠词。句意：我从仙女们那里学到的最重要的一点是要有一颗善良的心。heart意为“内心，心肠”是可数名词。根据句意，此处指“要有一颗善良的心”，故应使用不定冠词，表示“一个，一颗”。故在kind前面加a。
9.考查时态。句意：俗话说，一颗善良的心是快乐的源泉，让周围的一切都充满了笑容。表示“俗话说”应用as the saying goes，用一般现在时。故将went改为goes。
10.考查不定代词。句意：同上。根据句意，此处指“让周围的一切都充满了笑容”，something意为“某物”，此处指“一切事物”，应用everything。故将something改为everything。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华。你的美国笔友Penny在给你的邮件中提到，她近来与父母意见不合，经常吵架，想要寻求你的帮助。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 感谢她的信任;2. 通过自己的经历给予她建议。
注意：1. 要点完整，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯通顺;
2. 词数100左右。信的开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Penny,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Penny
Receiving your E-mail, I’m sorry to hear that you and your parents don’t see eye to eye these days. Although it’s a shame that you got punished severely by your parents, it’s a useful experience and lesson, which is beneficial to you. I want to give you some advice. First of all, you don’t have to feel so depressed, and just let it go. As a high school student, it’s wrong for you to lie to your parents. We have been taught to be honest since we were very young. We should behave honestly and be ourselves in daily life. In addition, if you get into trouble, you’d better go ahead to turn to them for help. In a word, don’t make up any excuse and lie to your parents. I hope you can feel better and come back to the normal life.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给美国笔友Penny写一封回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
遗憾：shame→pity
严重地：severely→badly
沮丧的：depressed→disappointed
此外：in addition→besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Receiving your E-mail, I’m sorry to hear that you and your parents don’t see eye to eye these days.
拓展句：After I receive your E-mail, I’m sorry to hear that you and your parents don’t see eye to eye these days.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although it’s a shame that you got punished severely by your parents, it’s a useful experience and lesson, which is beneficial to you.(运用了Although引导的让步状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】As a high school student, it’s wrong for you to lie to your parents.(运用了it作形式主语)
2022－2023学年度第一学期第二次质量检测
高三英语试卷
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Dublin is the capital of Ireland and is the largest city in the country. The best time to visit Dublin is in late spring and early autumn. These months offer the best combination of smaller crowds but better weather. The warmest days arrive in June, July and August, but these months tend to bring huge crowds of visitors and English-language students.
Language: The spoken language in Dublin is English with a lot of local Irish words and expressions thrown in.
Currency: The currency used in Dublin is the Euro. International credit cards are also widely accepted, but it is a good idea to have some cash on hand — particularly if you plan to take Dublin Bus, which only accepts exact change in coins.
Getting Around: The best way to get around Dublin is to walk. The city is small enough that most of the major sites and best places to eat can be reached within 15 minutes on foot, so renting a car is usually more trouble than it is worth.
Things to Do:
Dublin Castle: book ahead to visit the richly decorated State Apartments, or stop by to admire the 13th century towers and beautiful gardens.
The Guinness Storehouse: visit the birthplace of Ireland’s favorite beer, learn how to pour a perfect pint(品脱), and enjoy a drink overlooking the rooftops of Dublin in the Gravity Bar.
Of course, it is possible to visit Dublin without drinking, but it would be a missed opportunity to try some of the local favorites.
Culture and Customs:
Visitors will probably recognize many of the customs in Dublin as familiar, but there are a few differences between what is polite in Ireland versus the US. Tipping, for instance, is almost never done at a pub (unless you are telling the barman to keep the change), and most restaurants add a tip automatically as part of a service charge. But you are free to tip your tour guide.
1. What do we know about the best time to visit Dublin from the text?
A. The weather in June is pleasant to visit Dublin.
B. September is a good time to visit Dublin.
C. Most students like to visit Dublin in late spring.
D. Not many people visit Dublin in August.
2. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. There is little difference between Irish and American culture.
B. You are supposed to leave a tip in a bar in Dublin.
C. Restaurants in Dublin usually add a tip to their bill.
D. Dublin tour guides don’t accept tips.
3. Where is this text likely to be found?
A. A travel guide B. A magazine
C. A storybook D. A newsletter
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章讲述了有关游览都柏林的一些注意事项，诸如最佳时间，语言，货币，交通方式，著名景点，文化和风俗等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The best time to visit Dublin is in late spring and early autumn. These months offer the best combination of smaller crowds but better weather. The warmest days arrive in June, July and August, but these months tend to bring huge crowds of visitors and English-language students.(游览都柏林的最佳时间是春末秋初。这几个月的最佳组合是人群较少但天气较好。最温暖的日子是6月、7月和8月，但这几个月往往会吸引大量游客和学英语的学生)”可知，六月的天气适合游览都柏林。九月不被包括在游览都柏林的时间里，学英语的学生喜欢6-8月去都柏林而并非大部分学生，8月会有大量的游客，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“Visitors will probably recognize many of the customs in Dublin as familiar, but there are a few differences between what is polite in Ireland versus the US. Tipping, for instance, is almost never done at a pub (unless you are telling the barman to keep the change), and most restaurants add a tip automatically as part of a service charge. But you are free to tip your tour guide.( 游客可能会对都柏林的许多习俗感到熟悉，但爱尔兰和美国的礼貌还是有一些不同的。例如，在酒吧里几乎从不给小费(除非你告诉酒保不用找了)，而且大多数餐馆会自动把小费作为服务费的一部分。但你可以给导游小费)”可知，爱尔兰和美国文化有一些不同，都柏林的酒吧几乎不给小费，而大多数餐馆会自动把小费作为服务费的一部分，导游可以给小费，故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The best time to visit Dublin is in late spring and early autumn. These months offer the best combination of smaller crowds but better weather. The warmest days arrive in June, July and August, but these months tend to bring huge crowds of visitors and English-language students.(游览都柏林的最佳时间是春末秋初。这几个月的最佳组合是人群较少但天气较好。最温暖的日子是6月、7月和8月，但这几个月往往会吸引大量游客和学英语的学生)”以及下文一些有关注意事项可知，本文是参观都柏林的旅游指导，因此推断本文很有可能在旅游指导中被发现。故选A。
B
Southwest High School teacher Tiffany Messer had visited the U.S. Holocaust (大屠杀) Memorial Museum as a student but saw it from a new angle as an educator looking for new ways to bring an understanding of Holocaust history into her classroom. Messer was one of 221 teachers across the US who attended the 24th annual Arthur and Rochelle Belfer National Conference for Educators, a three-day workshop that was hosted by the museum. The annual conference is part of the museum’s ongoing effort to provide educators with the knowledge and skills so that they can bring Holocaust education back to their classrooms in an effective and relevant way.
Messer, now in her third year of teaching at Southwest High School, was looking for professional development opportunities and saw information on the Belfer conference online. It fitted her love for history, particularly European history, and a desire to teach it to her students in the most engaging way possible. One of the things she learned is that bringing a historical event to a personal level helps to deepen the understanding of that event.
Walking through the shoe room at the museum, you can see the massive piles of discarded (丢弃的) shoes that tell the story of the thousands of Jews who died in concentration camps. Their shoes and suitcases are just some of the personal items that belonged to mothers, fathers, sons and daughters. “One of the things they stressed at the conference is you don’t talk about the Holocaust in terms of the people — you talk about it more on the scale of numbers,” she said.
Messer hopes her students will come away from lessons on the Holocaust with a reminder that history is circular and repeats itself. “My goal in teaching them, I want them to become better citizens,” Messer said. “I want them to realize that because one person said others looked different or acted differently, it changed the world in a negative way. We don’t have to do it again.”
4. What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the first paragraph?
A. Educators B. New ways
C. Annual conferences D. Historical events
5. What do we know about Messer from the text?
A. She organized a three-day workshop.
B. She has a deep love for Holocaust history.
C. She is an educator at the Holocaust Memorial Museum.
D. She has been working for Southwest High School for three years.
6. What did Messer learn from the conference?
A. Showing pictures of history to students is not useful.
B. Never talk about the numbers of people in the Holocaust.
C. Shoes left in concentration camps are evidence from history.
D. Experiencing historical events deepens people’s understanding.
7. What does Messer think of history?
A. People should draw lessons from history.
B. History changed the world in a negative way.
C. We can find the meaning of life from history.
D. Students shouldn’t do things that happened in history.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Tiffany Messer作为一名老师寻求新的方式将大屠杀历史事件带入到课堂，让其学生能够更好地去了解历史，从历史中吸取教训，从而能做更好的公民。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“The annual conference is part of the museum’s ongoing effort to provide educators with the knowledge and skills so that they can bring Holocaust education back to their classrooms in an effective and relevant way.(该年度会议是博物馆持续努力向教育工作者提供知识和技能的一部分，以便他们能够以有效和相关的方式将大屠杀教育带回课堂。)”可知，一年一度的会议给教育工作者们提供了学习知识和技能的机会，从而让他们能够将关于大屠杀的历史带入教学当中，因此可推知此处的“they”指代前文的educators。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Messer, now in her third year of teaching at Southwest High School, was looking for professional development opportunities and saw information on the Belfer conference online(现在是Messer在西南高中任教的第三年，她正在寻找职业发展机会，并在网上看到了贝尔弗会议的信息)”可知，Messer一位在西南高中任教的老师，她在那里已经工作了三年。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“One of the things she learned is that bringing a historical event to a personal level helps to deepen the understanding of that event.(她学到的一件事是，将一个历史事件带到个人层面有助于加深对那个事件的理解)”可知，她认为通过去亲身去了解历史，体验历史事件能够让人对历史有更好的理解。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Messer hopes her students will come away from lessons on the Holocaust with a reminder that history is circular and repeats itself. “My goal in teaching them, I want them to become better citizens,” Messer said.( Messer希望她的学生从大屠杀的教训中吸取教训，提醒自己历史是循环往复的。Messer说：“我教育他们的目标是，希望他们成为更好的公民。”)”可知，她希望她的学生能够从大屠杀中吸取教训，不要让历史重演。因此可知，她认为人们应该从历史事件中吸取经验教训。故选A项。
C
In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike. And now it’s happening again to the Cavendish — another kind of banana.
With its easily transported, thick-skinned and sweet-tasting fruit, the Gros Michel had been widely grown on plantations (种植园) in Central America. United Fruit, the main grower and exporter in South America at the time, mass-produced its bananas in the most efficient way possible: it cloned branches from the stems (茎) of plants instead of growing plants from seeds, and continued to grow them in heavily packed fields.
Unfortunately, these conditions are also perfect for the spread of a kind of fungus (菌类), which attacks the plant’s roots and prevents it from transporting water to the stem and leaves. The fungus was resistant to crop sprays and travelled around on boots or the tyres of trucks, slowly spreading to all plantations across the region. The farmers had made great efforts to escape the fungus, but they failed. Then, after along search, they finally found the Cavendish. Its bananas tasted good enough to keep consumers happy. Most importantly, that fungus didn’t seem to affect it. In a few years, United Fruit had saved itself by filling its plantations with thousands of the new plants.
While the operation was a huge success for the Latin American industry, the Cavendish banana itself is far from safe. In 2014, South East Asia, another major banana producer, exported four million tons of Cavendish bananas. But, in 2015, its exports had dropped by 46 percent because of a combination of another kind of fungus and bad weather.
Growing practices in South East Asia haven’t helped the matters. Growers can’t always afford the expensive lab-based methods to clone plants from branches without spreading the disease. Also, they often aren’t strict enough about cleaning farm equipment and fields. As a result, the fungus has spread to Australia and the Middle East — and Latin America, heavily dependent on its Cavendish crops, could easily be the next.
8. What does the underlined word “lucrative” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A. Rare B. Smelly
C. Cheap D. Profitable
9. According to the text, what contributed to the spread of the fungus?
A. Misuse of crop sprays. B. Movement of people and vehicles
C. Overcrowded banana fields. D. Rarely cleared farmland.
10. What advantage does the Cavendish have over the Big Mike?
A. It tastes better and yields more.
B. Its bananas are cheaper to clone.
C. Its bananas are easier to transport.
D. It is unaffected by the fungus that ruined the Big Mike.
11. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of the Cavendish?
A. Worried B. Optimistic
C. Ambiguous D. Indifferent
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是继20世纪50年代中美洲最赚钱的产品——Gros Michel 香蕉死亡之后即将面临同样命运的Cavendish香蕉被真菌感染的原因及其前景。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike. (20世纪50年代，中美洲商业香蕉种植者面临着他们最赚钱的产品——the Gros Michel香蕉的死亡。)”以及文章第二段“With its easily transported，thick-skinned and sweet-tasting fruit，the Gros Michel had been widely grown on plantations (种植园) in Central America.(由于运输方便、果皮厚、味道香甜，the Gros Michel香蕉在中美洲的种植园里广泛种植。)”可以推断中美洲商业香蕉种植者之所以在中美洲的种植园里广泛种植the Gros Michel香蕉是因为这种香蕉特赚钱，所以此处划线词“lucrative”的意思应该是“赚钱的”，与D项Profitable意思相近。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The fungus was resistant to crop sprays and travelled around on boots or the tyres of trucks, slowly spreading to all plantations across the region.(这种真菌对农作物喷雾剂具有抗药性，通过靴子或卡车轮胎四处传播，慢慢扩散到该地区的所有种植园。)”可知这种真菌可以在附着在人的靴子上或者车轮上到处传播。所以说是人和交通工具的运动导致了它的传播。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Most importantly, that fungus didn’t seem to affect it.(最重要的是，真菌似乎没有影响它。)”可知Cavendish香蕉与Gros Michel香蕉相比其优势是它不受破坏了Gros Michel香蕉的真菌的影响。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike. And now it’s happening again to the Cavendish — another kind of banana.( 20世纪50年代，中美洲商业香蕉种植者面临着他们最赚钱的产品——Gros Michel香蕉的死亡。现在这种情况又发生在Cavendish香蕉上——另一种香蕉。)”以及文章最后一段“Growing practices in South East Asia haven’t helped the matters. Growers can’t always afford the expensive lab-based methods to clone plants from branches without spreading the disease. Also, they often aren’t strict enough about cleaning farm equipment and fields. As a result, the fungus has spread to Australia and the Middle East — and Latin America, heavily dependent on its Cavendish crops, could easily be the next.(东南亚越来越多的做法并没有帮助解决问题。种植者不能总是负担得起昂贵的基于实验室的从树枝上克隆植物而不传播疾病的方法。此外，他们通常对清洁农业设备和田地不够严格。结果，这种真菌传播到了澳大利亚和中东——而严重依赖Cavendish的拉丁美洲很可能是下一个。)”可知由于对清洁农业设备和田地不够严格所以这种真菌传播到了澳大利亚和中东——而严重依赖Cavendish的拉丁美洲很可能是下一个，由此可以推断真菌正在逐渐影响Cavendish香蕉的生产区域，所以作者对于这种香蕉的未来的态度是担忧的。故选A项。
D
Scientists have come up with a new way of identifying animals in an area — by testing DNA sucked out of the air. The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track of animals that are hard to spot, including endangered animals.
Two teams of scientists — one in Denmark and one in the United Kingdom — came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating in the air?
Testing for eDNA (“environmental” DNA) isn’t a new idea，but most of the time，scientists look for eDNA in water. DNA in the air is usually so small that it would take a microscope to see it. The scientists didn’t have high hopes for their experiment.
Neither team knew that the other group was working on a similar experiment. One collected samples from different locations at Denmark’s Copenhagen Zoo, and the other at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK. The scientists used slightly different methods to collect their samples. But basically，both teams used vacuums (真空装置) and fans to collect extremely tiny bits of DNA onto very high quality filters (过滤器).
In the laboratory, they got the DNA from the filters and made copies of it to study. By comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos.
The researchers in Denmark identified 49 different kinds of animals. The team in the UK identified 25 different kinds of animals. They even identified DNA from animals that were inside sealed buildings
Each team only discovered the other experiment after they had written a paper about their own results. Instead of competing, the two decided to combine their results and publish a paper together.
Both teams are excited about the ways this new method could be used in the wild. Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering with them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. “The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature,” says Dr. Bohmann.
12. What was the scientists’ attitude towards their experiment initially?
A. Hopeful B. Skeptical C. Disappointed D. Satisfied
13. Which description about the two teams is correct?
A. They knew each other very well before.
B. Both of them are from the same country.
C. Their research methods were not exactly the same.
D. They identified DNA from nearly 70 kinds of animals in total.
14. What is the positive effect of this experiment?
A. It increases human interaction with wildlife.
B. It enables the two teams to compete in science.
C. It could help people escape from dangerous animals.
D. It could help protect endangered animals in a better way.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A Groundbreaking Way to Test DNA
B. DNA of Animals in the UK and Denmark
C. Scientists Identify Animals by DNA in the Air
D Two Experimental Teams Doing the Same Thing
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过空气中的DNA识别动物，并用此方法来帮助保护濒危动物。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“DNA in the air is usually so small that it would take a microscope to see it. The scientists didn’t have high hopes for their experiment. (空气中的DNA通常很小，需要用显微镜才能看到。科学家们对他们的实验不抱太大希望。)”可推断，科学家们最初对他们的实验持怀疑的态度。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The scientists used slightly different methods to collect their samples. (科学家们收集样本的方法略有不同。)”可知，他们的研究方法并不完全相同。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track of animals that are hard to spot, including endangered animals. (研究人员认为，他们的新方法可以帮助科学家跟踪那些难以发现的动物，包括濒危动物。)”和最后一段“Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering with them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. (科学家们一直在寻找在不干扰濒危动物的情况下追踪它们的更好方法。如果研究人员知道动物生活在哪里，他们就能更好地保护它们。)”可知，这个实验的积极效果是可以帮助更好地保护濒危动物。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have come up with a new way of identifying animals in an area — by testing DNA sucked out of the air. (科学家们想出了一种新的方法来识别一个地区的动物——通过检测从空气中吸入的DNA。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过空气中的DNA识别动物，并用此方法来帮助保护濒危动物。所以“Scientists Identify Animals by DNA in the Air(科学家通过空气中的DNA识别动物)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
Studies have shown that to cultivate (培养) gratitude can increase an individual’s happiness, reduce one’s sadness, and give strength to a person. Those who consciously express and cultivate gratitude have been reported to have much higher self-esteem (自尊) compared to those who do not. They are also more willing to help others. ___16___
Wondering how you yourself can cultivate gratitude more and more every single day? Below are some wonderful tips to follow.
A board on the wall is a great boost, especially in work environments. ___17___ Remember that it is very important to acknowledge what to appreciate, especially when you don’t really feel grateful. It can change your mood for the better right away.
___18___ Another way to cultivate gratitude in your life, whether at home or in the workplace, is gratitude cards. Give them to your colleagues or your clients. You can show your appreciation by saying what you’re actually grateful for on the cards.
Give heart-felt thanks. It’s not your casual thank you like saying “hi” without really thinking about it. We’re talking about good quality, deeply grateful, heartfelt thanks. When someone goes out of their way to do something really important for you, you should make them know how grateful you are to them. ___19___ If possible，do it in person. This will have a bigger impact if you say it rather than just emailing them.
___20___ Cultivating gratitude will not only help you keep going in a challenging work environment, but also make you have a positive attitude to do an amazing job or to accomplish a difficult task.
A. Gratitude cards.
B. Gratitude journal.
C. This type of behavior always connects to greater happiness.
D. And you can’t wait to help others see this positive change as well.
E. The board lets everyone write down what they are grateful for.
F. And let them believe you can’t wait to do something awesome for them, too.
G. Just imagine the positive culture shift if everyone went ahead and thanked other people for their help.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养感恩之心的几条建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Studies have shown that to cultivate (培养) gratitude can increase an individual’s happiness, reduce one’s sadness, and give strength to a person. Those who consciously express and cultivate gratitude have been reported to have much higher self-esteem (自尊) compared to those who do not. They are also more willing to help others.(研究表明，培养感恩可以增加一个人的快乐，减少一个人的悲伤，并给人力量。据报道，那些有意识地表达和培养感激之情的人比那些不这样做的人有更高的自尊。他们也更愿意帮助别人。)”可知本段主要讲的是培养感恩以及懂得感恩的好处，空处位于段末，应是对本段内容的总结，所以应该总的来说感恩的积极作用。C项“This type of behavior always connects to greater happiness.(这种行为总是能带来更大的快乐。)”概括全段内容，符合上下文语境，故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据空前“A board on the wall is a great boost, especially in work environments. (墙上的板子是一个很大的促进，特别是在工作环境中。)”可知此处讲的是要学会将自己感激的事情写下来，根据空后“Remember that it is very important to acknowledge what to appreciate, especially when you don’t really feel grateful. It can change your mood for the better right away.(记住，承认值得感激的事情是非常重要的，尤其是当你没有真正感到感激的时候。它可以让你的情绪立刻变得更好。)”可知此处讲的是板子上应该写下一些自己认为值得感激的事情，空处承上启下，所以空格处应该说得是这个板子的作用，E项“The board lets everyone write down what they are grateful for.(这个板子让每个人写下他们感激的事情。)”承接启下，符合上下文语境，故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据空后“Another way to cultivate gratitude in your life, whether at home or in the workplace, is gratitude cards.(另一种在生活中培养感恩之心的方法，无论是在家里还是在工作场所，就是感恩卡。)”可知本段主要介绍感恩卡这种培养感恩之心的方法，所以空处应该是和感恩卡有关的建议，A项“Gratitude cards.(感恩卡)”符合上下文语境，故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空前“When someone goes out of their way to do something really important for you, you should make them know how grateful you are to them.(当有人不辞辛劳为你做一些非常重要的事情时，你应该让他们知道你是多么感激他们。)”可知此处是在说当有人帮助了我们时我们应该让别人知道我们对他们的感激之情，根据空后“If possible，do it in person. This will have a bigger impact if you say it rather than just emailing them.(如果可能的话，当面说。如果你说出来而不是发邮件，效果会更大。)”可知如果可能，我们最好亲自告诉对方我们的感激，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该让对方知道我们的感激的真诚，那就是我们也乐意为他们做一些极好的事情。F项“And let them believe you can’t wait to do something awesome for them, too.(让他们相信你也等不及要为他们做一些了不起的事情。)”承上启下，而且F项中的them指代上文的someone，awesome与上文的important对应，副词too在语意上和上文之间是递进关系，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“Cultivating gratitude will not only help you keep going in a challenging work environment, but also make you have a positive attitude to do an amazing job or to accomplish a difficult task.(培养感恩之心不仅能帮助你在充满挑战的工作环境中坚持下去，还能让你有积极的态度去完成一份出色的工作或一项艰巨的任务。)”可知此处是在总结全文，概括培养感恩之心的好处，所以空处应该概括全段的内容，G项“Just imagine the positive culture shift if everyone went ahead and thanked other people for their help(想象一下，如果每个人都去感谢别人的帮助，会产生怎样积极的文化转变。)”概括全文，而且G项的the positive culture shift指代的是gratitude这种行为，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Green is a very common word in American English. Sometimes, the word green means ___21___, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ___22___ or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no ___23___, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a little cow whose horns (角) had not yet ___24___. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the ___25___ it has today — a person who is new in a job. About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular ___26___ in the American West. Elderly people used it to ___27___ a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities in the east. The greenhorn ___28___ the skills he would need to live in the hard, rough country.
Someone who has the ___29___ to grow plants well is said to have green thumb. The expression comes from the early 1900s. A person with a green thumb seems to have a(n) ____30____ touch that makes plants grow ____31____ and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden ____32____ to grow long after your plants have died.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion, ____33____. The “green-eyed monster” is not a(n) ____34____ creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play Othello. It describes the ____35____ feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may ____36____ the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins ____37____ someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may ____38____ your friend if you get a pay rise and she does not.
In most places in the world, a green light is a sign to move ____39____. In everyday speech, a green light means ____40____ to continue with a project.
21. A. tense B. warm C. stable D. young
22. A. healthy B. ripe C. healed D. large
23. A. experience B. interest C. ambition D. respect
24. A. developed B. hurt C. changed D. recovered
25. A. answer B. importance C. meaning D. influence
26. A. product B. brand C. expression D. slogan
27. A. describe B. charge C. welcome D. attack
28. A. gained B. lacked C. exercised D. valued
29. A. hobby B. facility C. energy D. ability
30. A. magic B. different C. proper D. accurate
31. A. certainly B. deeply C. quickly D. early
32. A. expects B. fails C. continues D. intends
33. A. happiness B. jealousy C. anger D. despair
34. A. elegant B. frightening C. ridiculous D. precious
35. A. comfortable B. strange C. terrible D. unpleasant
36. A. suffer from B. benefit from C. escape from D. result from
37. A. making up with B. looking out for C. looking up to D. going out with
38. A. affect B. become C. betray D. trust
39. A. away B. around C. over D. ahead
40. A. decision B. hesitation C. approval D. preparation
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文时一篇说明文。文章介绍了green一词的不同词义。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，green代表着年轻、新生以及成长。A.tense紧张的；B. warm温暖的；C. stable稳定的；D. young年轻的。根据下文“fresh and growing”可知，此处指green代表着年轻、新生以及成长。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，它描述那些没成熟或者尚未完成的东西。A. healthy健康的；B. ripe成熟的；C. healed被治愈的；D. large大的。根据下文“or finished”可知，空格处词义与finished接近，故ripe“成熟的”符合语境，且与前文的“fresh and growing”呼应。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，greenhorn(新手)是指那些没有经验或者初到某个环境的人。A. experience经验；B. interest兴趣；C. ambition雄心；D. respect尊重。根据下文“who is new to a situation”可知，此处指新手，是指那些缺乏经验的人。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：15世纪，greenhorn是指触角尚未发育完全的幼年公牛。A. developed成长；发展；B. hurt伤害；C. changed改变；D. recovered痊愈。根据上文“a greenhorn was a little cow”可知，此处指幼年公牛的触角尚未发育完全。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了18世纪，greenhorn被赋予了最新的含义并一直使用至今——新人。A. answer答案；B. importance重要性；C. meaning意义；D. influence影响。根据下文“— a person who is new in a job”可知，这是greenhorn的又一个含义。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在100多年前美国西部，greenhorn是个非常流行的表达。A. product产品；B. brand品牌；C. expression表达；D. slogan标语。根据下文“Elderly people used it to ___7___ a man”可知，greenhorn是一个表达。故选C。
27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老人们把那些刚刚从东部大城市来到西部的人称为greenhorn。A. describe描述；B. charge起诉；收费；C. welcome欢迎；D. attack攻击。根据上文“Sometimes, it describes something”可知，老人们用greenhorn来描述那些刚刚从东部大城市来到西部的人。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：greenhorn 普遍缺乏在艰苦条件下生存的技巧。A. gained获得；B. lacked缺乏；C. exercised锻炼；D. valued重视。根据上文“who had just arrived from one of the big cities in the east”可知，greenhorn是那些刚刚从东部大城市来到西部的人，所以他们缺乏在艰苦条件下生存的技巧。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人很擅长种植，人们便会说这个人很具有园艺才能(green thumb)。A. hobby爱好；B. facility设施；C. energy能量；D. ability能力。根据下文“to grow plants well”可知，此处指有能力种好庄稼。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有绿色拇指的人（园艺专家）仿佛有魔力可以使植物长的又快又好。A. magic有魔力的；B. different健康的；C. proper健康的；D. accurate健康的。根据下文“You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden ___12___ to grow long after your plants have died.（如果隔壁女人的花园里的植物在你园中的植物都死掉以后依旧生长，你就可以说这个女人是个园艺专家。）”可知，有绿色拇指的人仿佛有魔力可以使植物长的又快又好。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. certainly肯定地；B. deeply深深地；C. quickly迅速地；D. early早地。根据下文“and well”可知，此处指植物长的又快又好。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果隔壁女人的花园里的植物在你园中的植物都死掉以后依旧生长，你就可以说这个女人是个园艺专家。A. expects期待；B. fails失败；C. continues继续；D. intends打算。根据上文“Someone who has the ___9___ to grow plants well is said to have green thumb.”和下文“after your plants have died”可知，隔壁女人的花园里的植物在你园中的植物都死掉以后依旧生长，所以可以说这个女人是个园艺专家。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：绿色也可用来表达一种强烈的情感——嫉妒。A. happiness幸福；B. jealousy嫉妒；C. anger生气；D. despair绝望。根据下文“It describes the ___15___ feeling a person has when someone has something he wants.”可知，绿色也可用来表达嫉妒的心情。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“绿眼怪”并不是来自外太空的可怕生物。A. elegant优雅的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. ridiculous荒谬的；D. precious珍贵的。根据下文“from outer space”可知，此处指来自外太空的可怕生物。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它用来描述一个人在别人拥有某种他想要的东西时的不高兴的情绪。A. comfortable舒适的；B. strange奇怪的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。根据下文“when someone has something he wants”可知，别人拥有了自己想要的东西时会感觉心理不舒服，会不愉快。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果一个年轻人的女朋友开始跟其他人约会，他就可能会嫉妒。A. suffer from遭受；B. benefit from从……受益；C. escape from逃离；D. result from由……引起。根据下文“if his girlfriend begins ___17___ someone else”可知，当一个年轻人的女朋友开始跟其他人约会时，他就可能会遭受嫉妒的心情。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. making up with与……和好；B. looking out for留意，注意；C. looking up to敬仰；D. going out with和……约会。根据上文“It describes the 15 feeling a person has when someone has something he wants.”可知，“绿眼怪”用来描述一个人在别人拥有某种他想要的东西时的不高兴的情绪，因此推断此处指自己的女朋友开始跟其他人约会，所以会嫉妒。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者，如果你的工资涨了而你的朋友没有，她也可能会嫉妒。A. affect影响；侵袭；B. become变得；C. betray背叛；D. trust信任。根据下文“if you get a pay rise and she does not”可知，你的工资涨了而你的朋友没有，她也可能会嫉妒。affect“侵袭”，此处表示“绿眼怪”侵袭了朋友，朋友是嫉妒的。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在世界上的大多数地方，绿灯是一个前行的信号。A. away离开，远离；B. around到处，四处；C. over结束；D. ahead向前。根据常识可知，绿灯是一个前行的信号。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在日常用语中，绿灯意味着准许继续进行一个项目。A. decision决定；B.hesitation犹豫；C.approval同意，批准；D.preparation准备。根据上文“a green light is a sign to move ___19___.”可知，绿灯意味着准许继续进行一个项目。故选C。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zheng Chunhui, a wood carving craftsman for nearly four decades, has recently been busy ___41___ a new creation — a wood carving 100 meters long and 2.6 meters high，depicting (描绘) the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. In his carving, Zheng hopes to show local traditions and customs of the ___42___ (area) along the canal’s route.
Born in 1968, Zheng became a wood carving craftsman in 1983. His birthplace, Putian, Fujian Province, is known for ___43___ (it) Putian wood carving. “I was really interested in painting and other arts during childhood, so I ___44___ (choose) to become a craftsman,” Zheng said.
His love of painting can ___45___ (see) in his wood carvings. Similar to ___46___ landscape themes of traditional Chinese paintings, Zheng’s artworks are also about nature. “I often draw my ___47___ (inspire) from the poems and paintings of ancient artists, and then express my understanding of them by ___48___ (create) new works with different types of wood,” Zheng said.
___49___ (exhibit) his works and promote the craft, Zheng opened a wood carving gallery in Putian in 2015,the first run by an individual artist and free to the public.
Zheng plans to finish the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal wood carving in three years. “It will take a lot of time and energy to complete, ___50___ I am confident in my skills and experience,” he said.
【答案】41. with
42. areas 43. its
44. chose 45. be seen
46. the 47. inspiration
48. creating
49. To exhibit
50. but
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。介绍了从事木雕工作近40年的郑春晖最近忙着创作一件新作品——京杭大运河。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：从事木雕工作近40年的郑春晖最近忙着创作一件新作品——一件长100米、高2.6米，描绘了京杭大运河的木雕。固定搭配be busy with sth. “忙于某事”。故填with。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：在他的雕刻中，郑希望展示运河沿区域的当地传统和风俗。根据空前冠词the，可知空处应为名词。又因提示词“area”为可数名词，故应为复数形式。故填areas。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：他的出生地是福建莆田，以莆田木雕而闻名。 根据空后的名词“Putian wood carving”可知，提示词应变为相应的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：“我小时候对绘画和其他艺术很感兴趣，所以我选择成为一名工匠，”郑说。分析句子成分可知，so为连词，所以空处应为结果状语从句的谓语动词，再结合主句动词“was interested”为一般过去时，所以空处应为一般过去时。故填chose。
【45题详解】
考查语态。句意：他对绘画的热爱可以从他的木雕中看出。分析句子成分可知，本句主句为“love”，为物，作主语，谓语动词应为被动，又因空前为情态动词“can”，所以空处应为be done。故填be seen。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与中国传统绘画的山水主题类似，郑的作品也与自然有关。根据空后的名词结构“landscape themes”可知，空处应为冠词，又因“landscape themes of traditional Chinese paintings”为中国特有，应为定冠词。故填the。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：“我经常从古代艺术家的诗歌和绘画中获得灵感，然后通过用不同类型的木材创作新作品来表达我对他们的理解，”郑说。根据空前的动词“draw”可知，空处应为名词作宾语。故填inspiration。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我经常从古代艺术家的诗歌和绘画中获得灵感，然后通过用不同类型的木材创作新作品来表达我对他们的理解，”郑说。空前为介词“by”，所以空处应为doing作宾语。故填creating。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了展示自己的作品并推广木雕工艺，2015年，郑在莆田开设了一家木雕画廊，这是第一家由个人艺术家经营并免费向公众开放的画廊。分析句子成分可知，本句谓语动词为“opened”，且无连词，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，结合句意可知，应为不定式作目的状语，故填To exhibit。
【50题详解】
考查连词。句意：他说：“这将需要大量的时间和精力来完成，但我对自己的技能和经验有信心。” 分析句子成分可知，本句有两个谓语动词，分别为“will take”和“am”，所以空处应为连词。结合句意可知，虽然要花费很多时间和精力，但是郑对自己很有信心。故填but。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was very small, my parents will tell me stories before bedtime. Among these stories, I was very interesting in fairy tales. The famous stories like The Little Mermaid, Cinderella and Snow White are very familiar with me. I learned a lot of from these stories, what made me a strong girl. As a girl, I knew I must have a strong will like these fairy. I should ever run away or give up when faced with difficulties. The most important thing I learnt from the fairies was to have kind heart. As the saying went, a kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making something around it freshen into smiles.
【答案】1. will→would 2. interesting→interested 3. with→to 4. 删除of 5. what→which
6. fairy→fairies 7. ever→never 8.在kind前面加a 9. went→goes
10. something→everything
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者小时候，父母会在睡前给她讲故事，她从这些故事中学到了很多，这让她成为了一个坚强的女孩。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：当我很小的时候，父母会在睡前给我讲故事。根据“When I was very small”可知，此处是讲述过去发生的事情，应用“would + 动词原形”来表示过去经常做的事情。故将will改为would。
2.考查固定短语。句意：在这些故事中，我对童话非常感兴趣。be interested in是固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”。故将interesting改为interested。
3.考查介词。句意：《小美人鱼》、《灰姑娘》和《白雪公主》等著名故事对我来说非常熟悉。be familiar with意为“某人熟悉某人或某物”；be familiar to意为“某物或某事为某人所熟悉”。根据句意，此处指“《小美人鱼》、《灰姑娘》和《白雪公主》等著名故事为我所熟悉”，故用be familiar to。故将with改为to。
4.考查介词。句意：我从这些故事中学到了很多，这让我成为了一个坚强的女孩。a lot意为“许多”，词性可以为副词，用来修饰动词，在句中作状语，也可以为名词词性，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等；而a lot of意为“许多的”，词性为形容词，用来修饰名词，在句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，这里作learned的宾语，of多余。故将of删除。
5.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故将what改为which。
6.考查名词的数。句意：作为一个女孩，我知道我必须像这些仙女一样有坚强的意志。根据句中“these”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故将fairy改为fairies。
7.考查副词。句意：当我遇到困难时，我不应该逃跑或放弃。根据句意可知，此处指“我不应该逃跑或放弃”。ever意为“曾经”，此处应用never，意为“绝不”，表示否定。故将ever改为never。
8.考查冠词。句意：我从仙女们那里学到的最重要的一点是要有一颗善良的心。heart意为“内心，心肠”是可数名词。根据句意，此处指“要有一颗善良的心”，故应使用不定冠词，表示“一个，一颗”。故在kind前面加a。
9.考查时态。句意：俗话说，一颗善良的心是快乐的源泉，让周围的一切都充满了笑容。表示“俗话说”应用as the saying goes，用一般现在时。故将went改为goes。
10.考查不定代词。句意：同上。根据句意，此处指“让周围的一切都充满了笑容”，something意为“某物”，此处指“一切事物”，应用everything。故将something改为everything。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华。你的美国笔友Penny在给你的邮件中提到，她近来与父母意见不合，经常吵架，想要寻求你的帮助。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 感谢她的信任;2. 通过自己的经历给予她建议。
注意：1. 要点完整，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯通顺;
2. 词数100左右。信的开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Penny,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Penny
Receiving your E-mail, I’m sorry to hear that you and your parents don’t see eye to eye these days. Although it’s a shame that you got punished severely by your parents, it’s a useful experience and lesson, which is beneficial to you. I want to give you some advice. First of all, you don’t have to feel so depressed, and just let it go. As a high school student, it’s wrong for you to lie to your parents. We have been taught to be honest since we were very young. We should behave honestly and be ourselves in daily life. In addition, if you get into trouble, you’d better go ahead to turn to them for help. In a word, don’t make up any excuse and lie to your parents. I hope you can feel better and come back to the normal life.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给美国笔友Penny写一封回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
遗憾：shame→pity
严重地：severely→badly
沮丧的：depressed→disappointed
此外：in addition→besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Receiving your E-mail, I’m sorry to hear that you and your parents don’t see eye to eye these days.
拓展句：After I receive your E-mail, I’m sorry to hear that you and your parents don’t see eye to eye these days.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although it’s a shame that you got punished severely by your parents, it’s a useful experience and lesson, which is beneficial to you.(运用了Although引导的让步状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】As a high school student, it’s wrong for you to lie to your parents.(运用了it作形式主语)
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