2023届高考英语二轮复习不定式课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习不定式课件，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了不定式的句法功能，动词不定式，1 主语，but +不定式，+ sb to do， watch ， see， look at ， observe， notice等内容，欢迎下载使用。

不定式表：具体的，一次性的，将要发生的 目的， 结果， 原因
T d that srt f thing is flish。
I want t see yu this evening.
All yu have t d is t finish it quickly.
We fund a huse t live in.
She came here t study English.
I warned the patient nt t eat cld water after the peratin.
T see is t believe.T learn English well is imprtant. It’s imprtant t learn English well.
单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语, 不定式置后
It + be +形容词 + t d
不定式做主语 常用句式有：
1、 It+be +形容词+t d2、 It takes sb.+ sme time + t d3、 It+ be +形容词+ f sb + t d4、 It+ be +形容词+ fr sb.+ t d
不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语3、 It+ be +形容词+f sb + t d（表不定式逻辑主语的特征，性格，品德，心智能力gd, knd, nice, clever, flish, right ）It’s very nice f yu t help me. Yu are very nice t help me. ( )4、 It+ be +形容词+fr sb.+ t d（表不定式逻辑主语的动作特征easy，hard，difficult， interesting，impssible ）It’s very hard fr him t study tw languagues.He is very hard t study tw languagues.
眼见为实.Seeing is t believe.T see is believing.Seeing is believing. T see is t believe.
My jb t help the patient.Yur task t clean the classrm.
1. 表主语的职业、职责、性质等
3. 主语是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等
My wish is t travel arund the wrld.
2.表具体，个别的动作、将来含义时，用t His dream is t be a dctr.
5.如主语部分的谓语动词/ 非谓语动词中含有实义动词d（做） 那么作补语的t可省去（前有d，后无t）The nly thing he culd d was（t）tell the truth.
4. 主语,表语都是t，主语表条件， 表语表目的或结果
T learn a language is t use it.
T save is t prduce.
（3）作宾语：V+t arrange（安排）, pretend（假装）, refuse, fail, dare, affrd（承担起）, prmise, manage, prepare, expect (期望）, ask（要求）, ffer, help, learn, plan, lng（盼望）, wish, hpe, want, agree, undertake (许诺，同意）… He prmised nt t tell anyne abut it. I decided nt t stay. I hpe t hear frm yu sn.
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面Marx fund it imprtant t study the situatin in Russia.
think cnsiderfind make feel
学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。
Students thught______________________.
她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。
She thught it unnecessary t argue with him.
it interesting t play cmputer games.
it + adj.+ t d
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用 V+ 疑问词+ t He gave us sme advice n hw t learn English. V+ sb.+疑问词+ ttell, shw, advise, teach, infrm…Lucy taught them hw t type.The farmer shwed us hw t milk the cw.
介词but, except ,besides + t 作宾语（但若句中谓语动词/ 非谓语动词部分含有实义动词d，那么不定式可省去 t）I have n chice but t stay here.He did nthing last Sunday but repair his bike.　
can’t help but d 不能不, 不得不can’t but，can’t chse but，can’t help but I culdn’t chse but speak the truth. 我不能不说真话When it rains, yu cannt help but get yur shes wet. 下雨天，你的鞋子岂能不沾湿
敌人除了投降surrender之外，别无出路。The enemy can d nthing but______________.The enemy had nthing t chse but _____________. 除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？What des he like t d besides __________ nvels?What des he like besides ____________ nvels?
t surrender
(4). 宾补 V+宾语+t
The teacher tld me t clean the blackbard.
want, knw, require, invite, call n 拜访, persuade说服, warn, frce, rder, cause导致, wait fr, tell, allw, get 使/让, beg, advise, teach
The dctr advised him t g t the suth.I gt them t jin us in the discussin.
动词词组 + sb. / sth. + tlng fr 渴望, wait fr, arrange fr安排, wish fr, ask fr请求, prepare fr 准备, depend n依靠, rely n依赖, call n要求They are waiting fr the schl bus t cme.
listen t ,
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略t:
I made him d his wrk.
He ______________________ by me.
See sb d sth
sb be seen t d
He was seen ___ frm the tree and get hurt.fall B. t fall C. falling D. fallen
改错: He was heard talk t his mther fr an hur.
was made t d his wrk
I came here t see yu.
We were very excited t hear the news.
This rm is big enugh t hld us.
T turn t the left, yu culd find a pst-ffice.
He wrked day and night t get the mney.
She sld her hair t buy the watch chain.
t d, in rder t , s as t
☞s as t d 用作目的状语时不能放句首
They gt up early t catch the first train.= They --------------- in rder t -----------------.= They -------------- s as t --------------------.= In rder t catch the first train, they gt up early.= T ------------------------------------------------------.
拓展：s that 与 in rder that 可引导目的状语从句相当于 s as t d 和 in rder t d 充当的目的状语We’ll hld a meeting in rder that we can explain the prgrammer.= We’ll hld a meeting s that we can explain the prgrammer.
☞T save mney, every means has been tried.
☞T save mney, he has tried every means.
☞T learn English well, a dictinary is needed.
☞T learn English well, he needs a dictinary.
☆ 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
请判断以下几个句子是否正确:
3.表结果 (意想不到的结果）
He lifted a rck nly t drp it n his wn feet.
enugh…t,t…t (太…而不能）, s…as t (如此，以至), nly t (不料竟，强调结果）
He is t ld t wrk.He is ld enugh t g t schl.She was s unfrtunate as t lse her cat.I tried hard nly t fail.
下几种情况“t... t...”表肯定意义
1. t后接anxius, eager, ready一类形容词时　 Jenny is t ready t speak.   Jenny话太多了   I am t anxius t knw the test result. 我太想知道考试结果了！2. t前有用于加强语气的nly, all, but等词时I am nly t glad t meet yu. 见到你真是太高兴了 Yu knw but t well t hld yur tngue.  你深知保持沉默的妙处。3. t前面有nt或never时（双重否定表肯定） 　One is never t ld t learn. 　It is nt/never t late t mend.
不定式t 表结果 (意想不到的结果）现在分词 表结果 (自然而然的结果）He lifted a rck nly t drp it n his wn feet.It wke up and lked ut f the windw t find the wrld utside greatly changed.The fire lasted nearly a mnth, leaving nthing valuable.Ftball is played in mre than 80 cuntries, making it a ppular sprt.
⑤作独立成分：独立于句子之外，表说话者态度、语气等，又称评论性状语T tell （yu） the truth, I dn't like the way he talked.T be frank，坦率的说T be hnest, 老实说T begin with, 首先
关于不定式中的小品词t
A. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去t 后面的动词，只保留t 。
A:Wuld yu like t cme t my party?
B: Yes , I’d lve t ( cme t yur party).
C. 不定式并列：第二个不定式可省略t。He wished t study medicine and becme a dctr.
B. 不定式是t be 结构, be 不可省.
A: Wuld yu like t be a teacher?B: I’d like t be.
1.情态动词 （除ught外，ught t）2. 一感: feel 二听: listen t , hear 被动t还原 三让：let，make，have五看：bserve， watch，see，lk at，ntic 3. wuld rather d had better d 4. why…/ why nt … d 为什么不…？5. help sb. (t) d , except, besides : 前有d后无t7. and, r, than连接的两个不定式，第二个t省
结构 : t d (否定) nt/never t d
t be ding
t have dne
t have been dne
t have been ding
(1) They pretended nt t see us.
(2) He pretended t be sleeping.
(3) She pretended t have knwn it befre.
(一般式：与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)
(进行式：在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(完成式：动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4) We’re happy t have been wrking with yu.
(完成进行式：谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
1. I pened the dr t enter the rm.
2. Mr. Smith is ging t attend the meeting t be held tmrrw.
㈠ 一般式( t d )
不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生
㈡.进行式( t be ding)
1. I am very glad t be wrking with yu.
2. He is said t be cming.
如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行
㈢.完成式（t have dne)
1. I am srry t have kept yu waiting s lng.
2. Yu seemed t have read the nvel written by Mr. Smith.
动作发生在谓语动作之前
㈠ 主动式( t d / t be ding /t have dne)
1. We want t learn English well.
2.Rbert is said____abrad, but I didn’t knw what cuntry he studied in. (NMET99)t have studied B.t studyC. made D. t make
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式 He asked t be sent t wrk in the cuntryside. It is pssible fr ur hpes t be realized.
被动式 t be dne / t have been dne
1、一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有 t let (出租)，t blame （责备）, t seek（寻找）The huse is t let．I felt l was t blame.The causes f the fire are nt far t seek. 大火的根源不难找寻
2.某些“形容词＋不定式”, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系
1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋t d The questin was very difficult t answer. The jb is very easy t d. 2）n. ＋be＋t＋adj. ＋t d The thing is t small t see. I was t excited t say a wrd. 3）n. ＋be ＋adj. ＋enugh t d The bx is light enugh t carry. The bk is cheap enugh t buy.
3、句中存在 n. / prn. 可以作为不定式的逻辑主语，构成逻辑上的主谓关系
He gave the dg a few bnes t eat.He shwed me the right bus t take.
句中不存在这种主谓关系， 那不定式仍须用被动式He raised a few questins t be answered. 他提了几个问题有待回答
4）have（give, shw）sth. t d
在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。 I have a lt f things t d this afternn. t d与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系 否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。 Have yu anything t d this afternn? （t d是由yu发出的）Have yu anything t be taken t yur parents? （谁带不得而知）Please get me smething t read.
There ＋be ＋n. ＋t d
用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。 There is nthing t d nw. (We have nthing t d.) 我们现在没事干 There is nthing t be dne nw. (We can d nthing nw.) 现在没有什么办法了 There is nthing t see. (nthing wrth seeing) 没有东西值得看 There is nthing t be seen. (nthing there at all) 看不见什么东西