2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解分类训练：健康类作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解分类训练：健康类作业含答案，共30页。试卷主要包含了细节理解题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

阅读理解
Many people who want to lose weight often choose to go on a diet. But is this really the best way? With celebrities (名人) speaking about new diets that have helped them become slim (苗条的) in advertisements (广告), more and more people are turning to dieting. Some shops begin to sell diet products such as diet milkshakes, snack bars and even diet pills. However, such popular products and diets are often found to be extremely unhealthy.
Most of these popular diets work by cutting down on a certain nutrient (营养素) from your food intake (摄入量). For example, some diets work by cutting down on carbohydrates (碳水化合物). This means the body must use its fat reserves for energy. This might help you lose weight. However, by cutting a particular food group out of your diet, you are starving your body of a nutrient that it needs, which could leave you feeling weak, tired or even bad-tempered. Besides, these diets are often unsuccessful in the long run.
Generally, one of the most effective ways of losing weight is to cut down on calories. The recommended (推荐的) calorie intake for an adult male is 2,500. If a man consumes more than 2, 500 calories each day, then he is likely to gain weight. However, if he consumes less, then he is likely to lose weight.
In fact, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals all play an important role in staying healthy, which is why they all should be included in your meals. Of course, some foods can be eaten in moderation (节制) as an occasional snack. For example, a bar of chocolate every once in a while won’t cause you any problems.
So, instead of spending money on popular diet pills or special weight loss foods, try to eat healthy balanced meals containing foods from all food groups. So, next time your friends tell you that they are going on a diet, tell them that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better choice.
1．What can we know about the popular diets mentioned in the para. 1?
A．They are effective to lose weight. B．They are extremely unhealthy.
C．They help get people slim. D．They can replace people’s everyday meals.
2．How to lose weight effectively according to the passage?
A．By reducing calorie intake. B．By forming a strict diet.
C．By taking regular exercise. D．By having diet products.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Diet products should be moderately taken.
B．Keeping a balanced diet is the best policy.
C．It’s necessary to reduce carbohydrates intake.
D．Going on a diet should be stopped immediately.
4．In which column of a newspaper will the passage be found?
A．Foods and health. B．Human and nature.
C．Economy and technology. D．Sports and exercise.
Taking a regular afternoon nap（小睡）may bring better mental functions（心理机能）in old people, a study has found. Researchers found sleeping in the afternoon has something to do with better memory in the ageing Chinese population.
The study, published in online journal General Psychiatry, examined the sleep patterns of 2,214 healthy people aged 60 and over in several large cities in China, including Beijing and Shanghai. Of those who took part in the study, 1,534 took a regular afternoon nap of between five minutes and two hours, while 680 did not.
Participants（参与者）in the study were asked how often they napped during the week, with answers from once a week to every day. The average length of nighttime sleep was around 6.5 hours in both groups, though no information was about how long they sleep.
All participants took part in a dementia（痴呆）screening test to check their mental functions across a number of areas The researchers found important differences in memory, with scores higher among the napping group.
“In addition to reducing sleepiness, mid-day naps offer a lot of benefits such as strengthening memory, preparation for following learning, and emotional stability, but these effects were not observed in all cases,” the researchers said.
However, the researchers did point out the research could not prove whether afternoon naps put off the dementia of older people, or whether they might be a sign of dementia. The researchers plan to continue their research to understand the details of these connections, and hope to publish more work in this field in the future.
5．According to the text，afternoon naps can help old people___________.
A．remember things better B．keep their promises
C．treat others with kindness D．live a rich life
6．How did the researchers get the findings?
A．By watching the old people's regular afternoon nap.
B．By comparing the participants' mental functions
C．By showing many facts about old people's dementia.
D．By asking the participants to take many physical examinations
7．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．Afternoon naps can put dementia off.
B．The participants will write more works.
C．There will be a further study on afternoon naps.
D．The author of the text wants to make the study.
8．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The advantages of afternoon naps for the old.
B．The harm of old people's dementia.
C．The connection between living longer and dementia.
D．The way to develop the habit of taking afternoon naps
Restricting meals to early in the day did not affect weight among overweight adults with prediabetes or diabetes(糖尿病), according to a research presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2020.
“We have wondered for a long time if when one eats during the day affects the way the body uses and stores energy,” said study author Nisa M. Maruthur, associate professor of medicine in Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. “Most previous studies have not controlled the number of calories, so it wasn't clear if people who ate earlier just ate fewer calories. In this study, the only thing we changed was the time of eating in the day.”
Maruthur and colleagues followed 41 overweight adults in a 12-week study. Most participants(参与者)（90%）were African American women with prediabetes or diabetes, and average age of 59 years. Twenty-one of the adults followed a time-restricted eating pattern, limiting eating to specific hours of the day and ate 80% of their calories before 1 pm. The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hour window, consuming half of their daily calories after 5 pm for the entire 12 weeks. All participants consumed the same pre-prepared, healthy meals provided for the study. Weight and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study；then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.
The analysis found that people in both groups lost weight and had decreased blood pressure no matter when they ate. "We thought that the time-restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn't happen. We did not see any difference in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day. We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”
The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, and they will bring this information together with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar, insulin(胰岛素)and other hormones and making analyses on the data. "Together, these findings will help us to more fully understand the effects of time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic(心血管代谢)health," Maruthur said.
9．What made this study different from earlier ones?
A．Participants' age. B．Participants' daily eating time
C．The number of participants. D．Research members.
10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Research procedure. B．Research result.
C．Research purpose. D．Research institution.
11．What do we know from Maruthur's words in paragraph 4?
A．Blood pressure is connected with eating time.
B．Taking in less calories earlier makes for weight loss.
C．Eat calories earlier doesn't affect weight loss.
D．Eating time determines your effect of losing weight.
12．What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph?
A．Stop research. B．Announce findings.
C．Write essays. D．Analyze data.
Biological age might help determine your quality of life as you get older, since your cells and organs have ages varying from your regular age. Many aging-research scientists believe that knowing your biological age could help you postpone or avoid age-related illnesses, and better predict an individual’s lifespan (寿命). Other scientists argue that there’s no standard way to measure biological age. At the center of the debate are hopes that people can extend their lives by changing their behaviors.
Since everybody’s genes (基因) are different, tracking your biological age could help determine your most helpful habits and customize them. People also can attempt to lower their biological age through ways of effectively managing stress.
Dr. Sinclair at Harvard is developing a biological-age test based on chemical changes on DNA．He plans to launch it with a new company called Tally Health. Though criticized by other scientists for hyping the results of some of his findings for his business, he says that he doesn’t overstate his research findings.
Inside Tracker, a personalized-nutrition company founded by scientists, calculates biological age by having users take blood tests and analyzing the samples for marks of diseases. Those who test as older than their years get recommendations to adjust diet, exercise and medicine.
Many other health startups are offering testing that claims to calculate biological age, sometimes with little scientific backing, and designing medicine aimed at boosting youthfulness.
Stephen Robert tested himself earlier this year with an at-home blood test as an effort to improve his health at age 51. “I drink and smoke,” he says, so he expected his biological age to be a lot older than his calendar age. He says he was shocked when test results reported his biological age was 24.
Gordan Lauc, professor of biochemistry and chief scientific officer of GlycanAge, says the results make sense given Mr. Robert’s genetics — longevity runs in his family and lifestyle, which is likely less stressful.
13．What can people do after knowing their biological ages?
A．Improve their calendar ages to prevent diseases.
B．Determine ways to effectively manage stress.
C．Get personalized-nutrition plan to improve health.
D．Lengthen their lives by changing their conduct.
14．Why did some scientists criticize Dr. Sinclair?
A．He overstated his findings to make a profit.
B．His scientific research was far from mature.
C．His company let out people’s biological age.
D．Biological-age test did harm to people’s health.
15．What accounts for Stephen’s young biological age according to Gordan?
A．He manages stress in life successfully. B．He had good nutrition at his childhood.
C．His family has a long-life tradition. D．He has improved his biological life.
16．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Understand Your Calendar Life and Stay Healthy
B．Meet Your Biological Age and Extend Your Life
C．Improve Your Biological Age with Good Habits
D．Employ Biological Technology to Start Business
For thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used across China and Southeast Asia. Its practices have developed over time and now, scientists are giving it a high-tech update.
Developed by Singaporean company AiTreat, “EMMA”is a robot masseuse（女按摩师) designed to give Tui Na, a type of TCM bodywork similar to a deep tissue massage (深层组织按摩)，a 21st-century makeover. Using sensors and 3D vision to measure muscle stiffness (僵硬)，EMMA (which stands for “Expert Manipulative Massage Automation”) identifies pressure points and gives massages to patients to help offer pain relief and relaxation. AiTreat founder and CEO Albert Zhang hopes that EMMA can create low-cost massage treatments that can be part of the growing attraction of preventative medicine.
In 2015, Zhang founded AiTreat. A trained TCM physician, Zhang has firsthand experience treating patients.
Patients lying on the table might not even notice the difference between EMMA and a real-life masseuse -but Zhang doesn't want robots to replace masseuses. Instead, he says that they can help by taking away the back-breaking work masseuses do every day, and enable them to “focus on the 10% highly skilled part,” which can increase their productivity and income while reducing the cost for patients. “One physician can only see one patient at a time,but with EMMA, the physician can control two robots and see up to four patients at the same time,” he says.
While TCM practitioners accept years of training, EMMA’s AI system has been trained with thousands of “data points”-bodies of different shapes, sizes and ethnicities-to find the acupoints (穴位) in each individual, says Zhang.
Currently, Zhang says 11 robots are working at eight different clinics (诊所)in Singapore, with plans to send them overseas. “We are seeing great responses from practitioners in the US and China,” he adds.
17．What do we know about EMMA?
A．It is developed by a Chinese company.
B．It has become part of preventative medicine.
C．It can comfort patients by massaging them.
D．It needs to locate the stiffness with the help of doctors.
18．What advantage does EMMA have according to paragraph 4?
A．It is more reliable than a real masseuse.
B．It can work on highly skilled parts.
C．It is softer than a real masseuse.
D．It is highly effective.
19．What is Zhang’s attitude to the future of EMMA?
A．Worried. B．Confident. C．Uncaring D．Thankful.
20．What is the best title for the text?
A．Tui Na massage by a robot masseuse
B．TCM being accepted by more patients
C．Humans losing job opportunities due to AI robots
D．Battle between EMMA and the human masseuse
Yoga (瑜伽) is a kind of sport. It is very popular around the world now. Everyone, young or old, men or women, can do yoga.
There are many reasons why people like yoga. First, yoga can build up your muscle. Your body will become stronger and more flexible. Second, yoga helps you get rid of stress. What's more, yoga can help your mind stay calm. To put it simply, the reason why so many people are falling in love with yoga is that they are discovering how wonderful it is for their mind, body and spirit.
Yoga began in India about 5,000 years ago. At that time, people wanted to be free, healthy and live a long life. As a result, this kind of exercise was born. The early yoga was part of the religion (宗教). It was usually taught one to one—one teacher and one student. Later, it was accepted by more people.
Yoga is an Indian word that means “to join together”. There are three parts of yoga altogether: exercise, breathing and meditation (冥想). In the past, people paid more attention to the spirit. The idea behind the exercise was to join the mind, body and spirit as one.
With the development of the exercise, more and more people are doing yoga as a way of keeping healthy. Among them, office ladies enjoy doing yoga most. Yoga can give them peace, help them feel relaxed and have fewer worries and illnesses.
21．From the passage, we know that yoga is ________ .
A．a kind of music B．a kind of sport
C．a kind of book D．a kind of food
22．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A．The reasons why people like yoga. B．The places where people do yoga.
C．The ways that people develop yoga. D．The persons who invented yoga.
23．When did yoga begin in India?
A．2,000 years ago. B．3,000 years ago.
C．4,000 years ago. D．5,000 years ago.
24．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The introduction of yoga. B．The introduction of paper.
C．The introduction of drink. D．The introduction of weather.
When it comes to having a healthy body, seeing may be believing. Experiments suggest that people who are shown pictures of their clogged arteries (动脉阻塞) may be more likely to stay healthy than people who do not.
Researchers studied just over 3,500 people. These people were between 40 and 60 years of age. Each person had at least one risk for heart disease, but no signs of the disorder. The researchers divided these subjects into two groups. The first group received what was called usual care — like taking medicine or talking with health care workers about heart disease. However, the members of the other group were shown pictures of their arteries. Researchers also gave them special guidance on why those pictures might be a sign of future health problems. One year later, the people who watched the images of their own arteries had less risk for heart disease than those who weren’t shown the pictures. That is where the “pictures” part may help.
Doctors warn that many people think they have healthy hearts but, actually, they do not. Clogged arteries can be a silent killer. It takes many years to develop and patients may show no signs until the condition is serious and difficult to treat. Because it is a silent killer, experts say patients only remember a small part of what their doctor tells them to do. Seeing a picture is much more effective. To use a popular English expression, “A picture is worth a thousand words.”
Smoking, an unhealthy habit, and being short of exercise increase the risk of heart attacks. Exercising for at least 30 minutes every day of the week will help to prevent heart disease. Eating at least five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, and limiting (限制) your salt intake to less than one spoon a day, also helps to prevent heart attacks.
25．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Both of the two groups received so-called usual care.
B．More than 3,500 people of all ages took part in the study.
C．Seeing pictures of possible illness helps people to keep healthy.
D．Heart disease is more difficult to treat without medicine.
26．What does the underlined word “effective” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Interesting. B．Dangerous. C．Common. D．Helpful.
27．What should we do to prevent heart attacks according to the text?
A．Stop or avoid smoking. B．Take as much sugar as salt.
C．Exercise once a week. D．Eat as many nuts as possible.
28．Where may the text be taken from?
A．A travel guide. B．A novel. C．A science website. D．A personal diary.
The science of your wellbeing
This course covers the real science of better health and happiness. With evidence -based advice from the very latest scientific research, you’ll find the truth about nutrition and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.
What will you learn?
·Why the brain makes habits hard to break.
·Techniques that can help you break bad habits.
·Achievable steps to improve your diets.
·Activities to help you remain healthy.
·Techniques informed by psychological research that you can use to improve your level of happiness.
Who is this course suitable for?
·This course is suitable for students at all levels.
·You may be considering a career in nutrition or fitness and a basic understanding of diets, nutrition and exercise.
·Many of our learners take this course to improve their university application.
Who are your instructors?
·Giles Yeo: He’s a program leader at the Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit at the University of Cambridge. His first book Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his second, Why Calories Don’t Count, came out in June 2021.
·Jason Gill: He’s a professor of exercise and health at the University of Glasgow. He studies the effects of exercise and diets on the prevention and management of diseases.
·Jacky Forsyth: She’s an associate professor at the School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University. She focuses on developing research and study on women in sport and exercise.
·Bruce Hood: He’s a professor of Developmental Psychology in Society at the University of Bristol. His research interests include the science of happiness, and inhibitory control of thoughts and actions.
29．What can we do if we take the course?
A．Take part in research activities. B．Get science-based suggestions.
C．Interview some experts. D．Taste healthy dishes.
30．Who may be interested in the course?
A．People who tend to be physically active. B．People who have many bad habits in life.
C．People who are applying to dream colleges. D．People who want to succeed in their career.
31．Which instructor is also a writer?
A．Giles Yeo. B．Jason Gill. C．Jacky Forsyth. D．Bruce Hood.
Why do some people experience depression (抑郁症) while others don’t even under the same condition? Finding out what makes someone easier to have depression continues to be one of the most important questions for researchers.
Although researchers don’t have an exact answer as to why some people are easier to suffer depression than others, there’s likely more than one factor. Research has shown everything from physical and chemical differences in the brain to social and environmental factors.
This makes it challenging to treat depression. A more complete understanding of various factors that lead to depression could help researchers get better at predicting who will get depressed. With the information, researchers would also be better at predicting how a person might respond to anti-depressants (抗抑郁药) or other forms of treatment.
While the experience of depression is shared by many, the factors are different for each person. There are some factors like genetics that you don’ t have control over. However, there are others like your diet that can be changed. While making a change won’t necessarily prevent depression, it may help diminish your risk of depression.
Whether you can change them or not, it’s helpful to know about factors that could make you more likely to develop depression in your lifetime. Just remember that researchers are still figuring out the role each factor plays. Having one or several of the factors that are thought to lead to depression doesn’t mean you will certainly become depressed.
Depression is common in people of all ages. According to a report, depression affects about 17.3 million people in the United States in 2017. And in 2018, it is reported that about 1.9 million children (ages 3~17) in the US have been diagnosed (诊断) with depression.
32．What makes depression hard to treat?
A．People’s different eating habits.
B．The different causes of suffering it.
C．The limit of the treatment conditions.
D．People using brains differently.
33．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Explore. B．Ignore. C．Reduce. D．Spread.
34．What are you advised to do about depression?
A．Change your lifestyle immediately.
B．Know about the factors of depression.
C．Take ant-depressants as soon as possible.
D．Stop caring about the causes of depression.
35．What can we infer from the numbers in the last paragraph?
A．Depression is not a rare disease in the world.
B．The condition of depression is not so serious.
C．Teenagers are easier to suffer from depression.
D．The future of treating depression is promising.
What if computers could replace patients? If virtual (虚拟的) humans could have replaced real people in some stages of a drug trial, it could have sped up development of a preventive tool and slowed down the spread of viruses. Similarly, potential drugs that weren’t likely to work could have been identified early, cutting trial costs and avoiding testing poor drug candidates on living volunteers. These are some of the benefits of “in silico medicine”, which is also known as “computational medicine”.
Powerful computers get to work based on the data according to some rules, producing a virtual organ (器官) that looks and behaves like the real thing. With virtual organs, the modeling begins by feeding data into a complex mathematical model of the mechanisms.
In silico clinical trials are already underway to an extent. For the foreseeable future, real patients will be needed in late-stage studies, but in silico trials will make it possible to conduct quick and inexpensive first assessments of safety and efficiency, hugely reducing the number of live human subjects required for experimentation.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for instance, is using computer simulations (模拟) in place of human trials for evaluating new technology systems. The agency has also published guidance for designing trials of drugs and devices that include virtual patients.
Beyond speeding results and reducing the risks of clinical trials, in silico medicine can be used in place of risky interventions (干预) that are required for analyzing or planning treatment of certain medical conditions. For example, HeartFlow Analysis, a cloud-based service approved by the FDA, enables doctors to identify heart disease based on CT images of a patient’s heart. The HeartFlow system has used these images to construct a dynamic model of the blood running through the heart, thus identifying abnormal conditions and their severity. Without this technology, doctors would need to cut into the body to perform an angiogram (血管造影) to decide whether and how to intervene. Experimenting on digital models of individual patients can also help personalize treatment for any number of conditions.
36．What is the key factor of “in silico medicine”?
A．Trial costs. B．Virtual organs.
C．Potential drugs. D．Living volunteers.
37．What can we know about “in silico medicine”?
A．It is mainly used to try drugs. B．It is lacking in practical value.
C．It frees patients from clinical trials. D．It provides safety and reduces costs.
38．What can be inferred about HeartFlow Analysis?
A．It is being applied to FDA for use. B．It has given doctors practical help.
C．It models CT images of living patients. D．It functions on the basis of angiograms.
39．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Virtual medical science is developing rapidly.
B．Clinical trials of new drugs have been sped up.
C．Virtual patients make clinical trials fast and reliable.
D．Computers will replace human doctors in the future.
























参考答案
1．B
2．A
3．B
4．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了健康均衡的饮食是最合理有效的减肥方式。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“However, such popular products and diets are often found to be extremely unhealthy.(然而，这些受欢迎的产品和饮食往往被发现是极其不健康的)”可知，这段中提到的流行饮食非常不健康，故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Generally, one of the most effective ways of losing weight is to cut down on calories.(一般来说，最有效的减肥方法之一就是减少卡路里摄入)”可知，通过减少卡路里的摄入，才能有效地减肥。故选A。
3．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, instead of spending money on popular diet pills or special weight loss foods, try to eat healthy balanced meals containing foods from all food groups. So, next time your friends tell you that they are going on a diet, tell them that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better choice.(因此，与其花钱购买流行的减肥药或特殊的减肥食品，不如尝试吃健康均衡的膳食，包括所有食物组的食物。所以，下次当你的朋友告诉你他们正在节食时，告诉他们健康均衡的饮食是一个更好的选择)”可知，保持均衡的饮食是减肥最好的策略。故选B。
4．
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“So, instead of spending money on popular diet pills or special weight loss foods, try to eat healthy balanced meals containing foods from all food groups. So, next time your friends tell you that they are going on a diet, tell them that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better choice.(所以，与其把钱花在流行的减肥药或特殊的减肥食品上，不如试着吃健康均衡的食物，包括所有种类的食物。所以，下次你的朋友告诉你他们要节食的时候，告诉他们健康均衡的饮食是一个更好的选择。)”可知，本文主要介绍了健康均衡的饮食是最合理有效的减肥方式，因此是文章是关于健康饮食的，因此推断会出现在报纸的食物和健康栏目。故选A。
5．A
6．B
7．C
8．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。研究发现，午睡能使老年人拥有更好的记忆力，并可能让他们拥有更好的心理机能。
5．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Researchers found sleeping in the afternoon has something to do with better verbal fluency and memory in the ageing Chinese population.（研究人员发现，在中国老年人口中，下午睡觉与更好的语言流畅性和记忆力有关）可知，习惯午睡的老年人有更好的记忆力。故选A。
6．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段The study, published in online journal General Psychiatry, examined the sleep patterns of 2,214 healthy people aged 60 and over in several large cities in China, including Beijing and Shanghai. Of those who took part in the study, 1,534 took a regular afternoon nap of between five minutes and two hours, while 680 did not.（这项研究发表在在线期刊《普通精神病学》上，调查了包括北京和上海在内的中国几个大城市的2214名60岁及以上健康人士的睡眠模式。在参与研究的人中，有1534人定期午睡5分钟到2小时，而有680人没有午睡）和文章第三段Participants in the study were asked how often they napped during the week, with answers ranging from once a week to every day. The average length of nighttime sleep was around 6.5 hours in both groups, though no information was taken on the specific duration or timing of the naps taken.（参与这项研究的人被问及他们一周小睡的频率，答案从一周一次到每天一次不等。两组人的平均夜间睡眠时间都在6.5小时左右，但没有记录具体的睡眠时间或时间）可知，这个实验通过对参与者进行痴呆筛选来检查他们的心理机能。经过比较后，研究人员发现有午睡习惯的一组参与者在语言流畅度和记忆力方面得分更高。由此推知，研究人员是经过比较参与者的心理机能来获得发现的。故选B。
7．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句The researchers plan to continue their research to understand the details of these connections, and hope to publish more work in this field in the future.（研究人员计划继续他们的研究，以了解这些联系的细节，并希望在未来发表更多这一领域的工作）可知，关于午睡还会有进一步的研究。故选C。
8．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Taking a regular afternoon nap may be linked to better mental functions in old people, a study has found. Researchers found sleeping in the afternoon has something to do with better verbal fluency and memory in the ageing Chinese population.（一项研究发现，有规律的午睡可能与老年人更好的心智功能有关。研究人员发现，在中国老年人口中，下午睡觉与更好的语言流畅性和记忆力有关）可知，文章主要介绍了午睡对老年人的好处。故选A。
9．B
10．A
11．C
12．D
【解析】
【详解】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究。该项研究将一组人限制早上进食，另一组人正常进食，来研究他们之间的减肥效果和血压等之间的变化区别。该研究表明，早上限制能量摄入对减肥没有什么影响。
9.细节理解题。根据第二段“Most previous studies have not controlled the number of calories, so it wasn't clear if people who ate earlier just ate fewer calories. In this study, the only thing we changed was the time of eating in the day.（之前的大多数研究都没有控制卡路里的数量，所以不清楚吃得早的人是否只摄入了更少的卡路里。在这项研究中，我们唯一改变的是一天中吃饭的时间。）”可知，在这项研究中，我们唯一改变的是一天中吃饭的时间。故选B项。
10.主旨大意题。通读本段内容可知，本段主要介绍研究过程，例如参加人数，怎么进行分组，什么时候测量体重和血压等。故选A项。
11.推理判断题。根据第四段中“We thought that the time-restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn't happen. We did not see any difference in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day. We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.（“我们认为有时间限制的那一组会减掉更多的体重，”马鲁瑟说。但这并没有发生。我们没有发现在一天中早些时候摄入大部分卡路里的人与晚些时候摄入卡路里的人在减肥方面有什么不同。我们也没有发现对血压有任何影响。）”可知，他们原以为有时间限制的那组人会减掉更多的体重。然而，这并没有发生。他们发现一天中早些时候或晚些时候摄入大部分卡路里的人的体重减轻没有任何区别。故选C项。
12.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, and they will bring this information together with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar, insulin(胰岛素)and other hormones and making analyses on the data.（目前，研究人员正在收集有关24小时内血压记录的更详细信息，他们将把这些信息与限时喂食对血糖、胰岛素和其他激素的影响的研究结果结合起来，并对数据进行分析。）”可知，接下来研究人员将收集更详细的24小时内血压记录信息。他们将把这些信息和限制饮食时间对血糖、胰岛素和其他激素影响的研究结果进行汇集，并对此进行分析。故选D项。
13．D
14．A
15．C
16．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解生物年龄能帮助人们通过改变行为习惯来延长寿命。
13．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Many aging-research scientists believe that knowing your biological age could help you postpone or avoid age-related illnesses, and better predict an individual’s lifespan(寿命). (许多研究衰老的科学家认为，知道自己的生理年龄可以帮助你推迟或避免与年龄有关的疾病，并更好地预测一个人的寿命。)”和第二段的“At the center of the debate are hopes that people can extend their lives by changing their behaviors. (争论的中心是希望人们可以通过改变行为来延长寿命)”可知，了解生物年龄能够帮助人们推迟或者避免与年龄相关的疾病，人们也可以通过改变行为习惯来延长寿命。故选D。
14．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dr. Sinclair at Harvard is developing a biological-age test based on chemical changes on DNA. He plans to launch it with a new company called Tally Health. (哈佛大学的辛克莱博士正在开发一种基于DNA化学变化的生物年龄测试。他计划与一家名为“塔利健康”的新公司一起推出这款产品。)”以及“Though criticized by other scientists for hyping the results of some of his findings for his business, he says that he doesn't overstate his research findings.( 虽然其他科学家批评他为了自己的生意而夸大自己的一些研究结果，但他说自己并没有夸大自己的研究结果。)”可知，哈佛大学的辛克莱博士计划与Tally Health合作，研发能够检测生物年龄的测试，然而遭到别的科学家的批评。由此可知，一些科学家批评他，是因为认为他夸大字节的研究结果，并以此牟利。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“the results make sense given Mr. Robert's genetics—longevity runs in his family and lifestyle, which is likely less stressful.(考虑到罗伯特的基因长寿与他的家庭和生活方式有关，他的生活压力可能更小，这一结果是合理的。)”可知，戈登教授解释说，这是因为罗伯特先生的遗传基因，他的家族都长寿。故选C。
16．
主旨大意题。本文介绍了解生物年龄的好处是能够让人们通过改变自身行为习惯来延长寿命。故B项“了解你的生物年龄，延长寿命”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
17．C
18．D
19．B
20．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了机器人按摩师EMMA对人类进行按摩治病。
17．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Using sensors and 3D vision to measure muscle stiffness (僵硬)，EMMA (which stands for “Expert Manipulative Massage Automation”) identifies pressure points and gives massages to patients to help offer pain relief and relaxation. (使用传感器和3D视觉来测量肌肉的僵硬程度，EMMA(代表“自动化按摩专家”)识别压力点，给病人按摩，帮助减轻疼痛和放松。)”可知，EMMA可以通过按摩来减轻病人疼痛并让病人放松。故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据第四段“ “One physician can only see one patient at a time, but with EMMA, the physician can control two robots and see up to four patients at the same time,” he says.( 他说:“一名医生一次只能看一名病人，但有了EMMA，医生可以控制两个机器人，最多同时看四名病人。”)”可知，因为在EMMA的帮助下，医生可以给多个病人看病；由此可知，EMMA的优点在于它的高效率。故选D。
19．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ “We are seeing great responses from practitioners in the US and China,” he adds.( 他补充称:“我们看到美国和中国从业者的反应很好。”)”可知，因为Zhang看到了EMMA的积极一面；由此可知，Zhang对EMMA的将来充满了自信。故选B。
20．
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第二段“Developed by Singaporean company AiTreat, “EMMA”is a robot masseuse（女按摩师) designed to give Tui Na, a type of TCM bodywork similar to a deep tissue massage (深层组织按摩)，a 21st-century makeover. (“EMMA”是由新加坡AiTreat公司开发的一款机器人按摩师，旨在为推拿（一种类似于中医身体的深层组织按摩）进行21世纪的改造。)”可知，本文主要介绍了机器人按摩师EMMA对人类进行按摩治病。故选A。
21．B
22．A
23．D
24．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑜伽这项运动，说明了人们喜爱瑜伽的原因、瑜伽的历史发展、瑜伽运动背后的思想等情况。
21．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yoga (瑜伽) is a kind of sport.(瑜伽是一种运动。)”可知瑜伽是一种运动，故选B。
22．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are many reasons why people like yoga. First, yoga can build up your muscle. Your body will become stronger and more flexible. Second, yoga helps you get rid of stress. What's more, yoga can help your mind stay calm. To put it simply, the reason why so many people are falling in love with yoga is that they are discovering how wonderful it is for their mind, body and spirit.(人们喜欢瑜伽的原因有很多。首先，瑜伽可以锻炼你的肌肉。你的身体会变得更强壮，更灵活。第二，瑜伽帮助你摆脱压力。更重要的是，瑜伽可以帮助你保持头脑冷静。简单地说，这么多人爱上瑜伽的原因是他们发现瑜伽对他们的思想、身体和精神有多么美妙。)”可知，第二段的主旨是人们喜欢瑜伽的原因。故选A。
23．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yoga began in India about 5,000 years ago.(瑜伽起源于大约5000年前的印度。)”可知，瑜伽是5000年前在印度开始的。故选D。
24．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Yoga (瑜伽) is a kind of sport. It is very popular around the world now. Everyone, young or old, men or women, can do yoga.(瑜伽是一种运动。现在它在世界各地都很受欢迎。每个人，无论老少，无论男女，都会做瑜伽。)”可知，文章主要介绍了瑜伽这项运动，说明了人们喜爱瑜伽的原因、瑜伽的历史发展、瑜伽运动背后的思想等情况，故选A。
25．C
26．D
27．A
28．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。实验表明，那些看到动脉阻塞图片的人可能比那些没有看到的人更有可能保持健康。文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及看到可能生病的图片有助于人们保持健康的研究发现。
25．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“One year later, the people who watched the images of their own arteries had less risk for heart disease than those who weren’t shown the pictures. That is where the “pictures” part may help. (一年后，那些看了自己动脉图像的人比那些没有看图像的人患心脏病的风险更低。这就是“图片”部分可能有所帮助的地方)”可知，看到可能生病的图片有助于人们保持健康。故选C。
26．
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“To use a popular English expression, “A picture is worth a thousand words.”(用一句流行的英语表达就是“一张图片胜过千言万语”)”可知，可见看图片是有帮助的。画线词意思是“有帮助的”。故选D。
27．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Smoking, an unhealthy habit, and being short of exercise increase the risk of heart attacks.(吸烟、不健康的习惯以及缺乏锻炼都会增加心脏病发作的风险)”可知，我们应该停止或避免吸烟来预防心脏病发作。故选A。
28．
推理判断题。根据第一段“When it comes to having a healthy body, seeing may be believing. Experiments suggest that people who are shown pictures of their clogged arteries (动脉阻塞) may be more likely to stay healthy than people who do not.(说到拥有一个健康的身体，眼见为实。实验表明，看到自己动脉阻塞图片的人可能比没有看到的人更有可能保持健康)”结合文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及看到可能生病的图片有助于人们保持健康的研究发现。可推知，文章选自科学网站。故选C。
29．B
30．C
31．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一门关于健康饮食和保持健康的课程，介绍了课程内容、适合对象以及导师的情况。
29．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“With evidence -based advice from the very latest scientific research, you’ll find the truth about nutrition and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.(根据最新科学研究提供的基于证据的建议，你会发现关于营养、饮食、锻炼和心理健康的真相)”以及What will you learn?部分中“·Techniques informed by psychological research that you can use to improve your level of happiness.(·心理学研究提供的技能，可以用来提高你的幸福水平)”可知，如果我们上了这门课，我们能获得科学的建议。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据Who is this course suitable for?部分中“·Many of our learners take this course to improve their university application. (我们的很多学习者通过学习这门课程来提高他们的大学申请)”可知，申请理想大学的人会对这门课感兴趣。故选C。
31．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“·Giles Yeo: He’s a program leader at the Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit at the University of Cambridge. His first book Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his second, Why Calories Don’t Count, came out in June 2021.(·Giles Yeo：他是剑桥大学医学研究委员会代谢疾病小组的项目负责人。他的第一本书《基因饮食》于2018年12月出版，第二本书《为什么卡路里不算数》于2021年6月出版)”可知，Giles Yeo导师也是作家。故选A。
32．B
33．C
34．B
35．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，讲述了更全面地了解导致抑郁症的各种因素可以帮助治疗或者预防抑郁症。
32．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Research has shown everything from physical and chemical differences in the brain to social and environmental factors.(研究表明，从大脑的物理和化学差异到社会和环境因素，一切都是如此。)”和第三段的“This makes it challenging to treat depression. A more complete understanding of various factors that lead to depression could help researchers get better at predicting who will get depressed.(这使得抑郁症的治疗具有挑战性。更全面地了解导致抑郁的各种因素可以帮助研究人员更好地预测谁会抑郁。)”可知，造成抑郁症的不同原因让抑郁症难以治疗，故选B。
33．
词句猜测题。根据第四段的“While making a change won’t necessarily prevent depression(尽管做出改变并不一定能预防抑郁)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“虽然改变并不一定能预防抑郁症，但它可能有助于降低患抑郁症的风险”，划线词diminish的意思是“减少”，和reduce意思相近，故选C。
34．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Whether you can change them or not, it’s helpful to know about factors that could make you more likely to develop depression in your lifetime.(无论你是否能改变它们，了解可能使你在一生中更容易患抑郁症的因素是有帮助的。)”可知，对于抑郁症的建议是了解患抑郁症的因素。故选B。
35．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Depression is common in people of all ages. According to a report, depression affects about 17.3 million people in the United States in 2017. And in 2018, it is reported that about 1.9 million children (ages 3~17) in the US have been diagnosed (诊断) with depression.(抑郁症在各个年龄段的人群中都很常见。根据一份报告，2017年美国约有1730万人受抑郁症影响。据报道，2018年，美国约有190万名儿童（3~17岁）被诊断出患有抑郁症。)”可知，抑郁症在世界上并不罕见。故选A。
36．B
37．D
38．B
39．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟患者使临床试验快速可靠。
36．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Powerful computers get to work based on the data according to some rules, producing a virtual organ (器官) that looks and behaves like the real thing. With virtual organs, the modeling begins by feeding data into a complex mathematical model of the mechanisms.(根据一些规则，功能强大的计算机以一些数据为基础，产生一个看起来和行为都像真实器官的虚拟器官。对于虚拟器官，建模首先要将数据输入到复杂的机构数学模型中。)”可知，in silico medicine是用电脑算法模拟活体器官，创造虚拟器官，用以代替真实器官进行药物和治疗方法的测试。故关键因素应该是“虚拟器官”。故选B。
37．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“but in silico trials will make it possible to conduct quick and inexpensive first assessments of safety and efficiency, hugely reducing the number of live human subjects required for experimentation.(但是在硅胶试验中，可以对安全性和效率进行快速而廉价的初步评估，这将大大减少实验所需的活体受试者的数量。)”可知，这项技术的安全有效，而且能节约成本。故选D。
38．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The HeartFlow system has used these images to construct a dynamic model of the blood running through the heart, thus identifying abnormal conditions and their severity. Without this technology, doctors would need to cut into the body to perform an angiogram to decide whether and how to intervene. (HeartFlow系统利用这些图像构建了血液流经心脏的动态模型，从而识别异常情况及其严重程度。如果没有这项技术，医生将需要切开身体进行血管造影，以决定是否以及如何进行干预。)”可知，该系统已经给予医生实际的帮助。故选B。
39．
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“What if computers could replace patients? If virtual (虚拟的) humans could have replaced real people in some stages of a drug trial, it could have sped up development of a preventive tool and slowed down the spread of viruses. Similarly, potential drugs that weren’t likely to work could have been identified early, cutting trial costs and avoiding testing poor drug candidates on living volunteers. These are some of the benefits of “in silico medicine”, which is also known as “computational medicine”.”.( 如果电脑能取代病人呢?如果虚拟人能够在药物试验的某些阶段取代真人，就可以加快预防工具的开发，并减缓病毒的传播。同样，那些不太可能起作用的潜在药物也可以在早期被发现，从而降低试验成本，并避免在活着的志愿者身上测试效果不佳的候选药物。这些都是“in silico medicine”的一些好处，也被称为“计算医学”。)”可知，本文主要介绍了在硅医学技术，其关键因素是“虚拟器官”。通过浏览全文，该技术不仅可以加快药物的研发进程，而且可以提前评估实验的安全性和有效性，并且部分已经被用于帮助医生进行临床治疗。所以短文主要是关于虚拟患者使临床试验快速可靠。故选C。