2023届高考英语二轮复习上海高考英语阅读理解训练作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习上海高考英语阅读理解训练作业含答案，共33页。试卷主要包含了 Liquid water等内容，欢迎下载使用。

阅读理解
In 2020, OpenAI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skills by locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it ‘artificial intelligence,’ but a better name might be ‘finding statistical patterns from large data sets’,” said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor.
More recently, researchers at places like Google and OpenAI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation.
But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer — and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them.
Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,” he said. “But it still counts.”
Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some A．I. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction.” But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. “They help us dream of the full range of the possible,” he said.
Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention.
1．Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3?
A．It is meant to monitor human’s neuron webs.
B．It stores limitless data in its mathematical system.
C．It can identify images and employ human language.
D．It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns.
2．In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to __________.
A．illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfect
B．warn programmers against technology
C．show the process of slipping code into program
D．explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain’s speeches
3．What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3?
A．He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies.
B．He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain.
C．He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role in A．I. research.
D．He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction.
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards A．I.?
A．Enthusiastic. B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned.

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Julia Whelan climbed into the recording room in her home office. In preparation, she had avoided alcohol the night before, had avoided milk since waking at 6 a.m. and had run through the warm-up voice exercises.
Whelan, 38, is the calm, confident female voice behind more than 400 other audiobooks, as well as the narrated versions(叙事版本) of many articles. Once she has taken on a project, she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words. “Narrating a book really is a performance,” she said, “and it can be harder to do than acting, because I can’t use my eyes or facial expressions to convey something to the audience.”
As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. Just before the pandemic, she began “Thank You for Listening,” combining her writing with the experiences she has collected as a narrator.
Writers say that Whelan has helped them understand their own work. “When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story,” said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. “When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach.” Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. “There is something about it that changes when you’re performing it,” she said. “I read the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it’s different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life.”
8．Before recording a book, Whelan __________.
A．acts out its narrated version
B．builds up strength through exercise
C．determines the focus of its subject
D．varies its emphasized words
9．The underlined phrase “subsuming herself in the writing of others” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________ herself in the writing of others”.
A．dismissing B．involving C．maintaining D．presenting
10．How does narrating help Whelan do her own writing better?
A．It enables her to think in readers’ view.
B．It inspires her to be absorbed in the story.
C．It provides her with diverse life experiences.
D．It reminds her to pursue her creative ambition.
11．What can be concluded from Whelan’s experience as a narrator and writer?
A．Excellent narration is based on convincing stories.
B．Narrating is a more rewarding ambition than writing.
C．An influential writer is definitely a wonderful narrator.
D．Experiences as a narrator can change the writing approach.

Searching Venus’ sky
From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.
However, Venus was not regarded as an ideal place because of its hot temperature and dry atmosphere.
But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.
On Sept 14, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada announced that scientists have detected phosphine(磷化氢) in the clouds of Venus. Phosphine is a colorless, toxic(有毒的)gas that has an odor of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.
“I was very surprised - stunned, in fact,” astronomer Jane Greaves of Cardiff University in Wales and lead author of the research, told MSN. “There is a chance that we have detected some kind of living organism in the clouds of Venus.”
This layer of clouds is about 48 kilometers above the Venus surface, with its temperature ranging from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit (about -1 to 93℃). Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.
Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites(陨石)falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.
Although the detection of phosphine is not robust(强有力的)evidence for life, this finding is great enough to change scientists’ view on Venus, which is thought to be a completely inhospitable planet.
What signs of life we looking for?
1. Liquid water: It can dissolve a huge range of molecules needed for life and facilitate their chemical reactions.
2. Mild temperatures: Temperatures higher than 122 C will destroy most complex organic molecules, and make it almost impossible for carbon-based life to form.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．A newly detected gas may indicate possible existence of life on Venus.
B．Scientists found the most hospitable place on Venus.
C．The environment on Venue changed in favor of life.
D．Phosphine formed on Venus means alien life is present.
13．What can we learn about phosphine from the text?
A．It has no smell at all. B．It only exists on Venus.
C．It can be produced by microorganisms. D．It is a sign of the existence of oxygen.
14．What can we infer from paragraphs 5 and 6?
A．Various living organisms have been detected on Venus.
B．The higher the cloud is above Venus, the warmer it is.
C．The cloud deck is rich in phosphine.
D．If life exists on Venus, it is likely in the cloud deck.
15．What did scientists conclude about the phosphine gas detected on Venus?
A．It could be formed as a result of the falling of meteorites.
B．It could be a sign that there is life in Venus’ clouds.
C．It could be caused by volcanoes and lighting strikes.
D．It proves that Venus is another hospitable planet.

There are some typical of trains you’ll find yourself traveling on in France. SNCF (法国国家铁路公司) operates a mix of high-speed services on major routes and slower regional services between smaller stations around France. Find out more about each train type below.
TGV
High-speed: up to 320 km/h
Connects Paris with major cities in France
Double-decker trains
One of the most popular modes of transport for long-distance travel in France. These modern trains run on around 50 high-speed routes and always require a reservation in advance.
Inter-cites
Stops at cities not part of the TGV network
Day and night services
Night trains between Paris and Toulouse, Rodez, Briancon and Latour-de-Carol
Inter-cites trains are mainly used for medium-distance journeys across France.
Although not as fast as TGV trains, they service a lot of stations across the country that aren’t on TGV routes. Reservations are usually required on most Inter-cites services.
TER
Regional trains (one for each region in France)
Low-cost
Stops at smaller stations around France
TER stands for Transport Express Regional and there are 20 different regional TER services operating across France. Popular with commuters (远距离通勤的人), you’ll likely board one of these trains for shorter distance travel to smaller cities and towns throughout France. You won’t need a reservation to board a TER train.
Sleeper trains
Overnight travel to several destinations in France
Comfortable and secure cabins
Opportunity to save on accommodation
Operated by Thello, the popular night train route in France starts in Paris and works its way down into Italy. If you want to save money on accommodation during your trip, taking a sleeper train lets you wake up feeling refreshed at your next destination.

16．What do TGV trains and Inter-cites trains have in common?A．Both can travel at 320 km/h. B．Both are double-decker trains.
C．Both usually require a reservation. D．Both connect big cities in Europe.
17．What is special about TER service?
A．It features night services. B．It travels as fast as TGV trains.
C．It is suitable for long-distance travel in France. D．It offers regional services at relatively low costs.
18．Which best suits people who travel to Italy and want to save money?
A．TGV trains. B．Inter-cites trains.
C．TER trains. D．Sleeper trains.

Green fingers
It never occurred to me when I was little that gardens were anything less than glamorous places. Granddad’s garden was on the bank of a river and sloped gently down towards the water. You couldn’t reach the river but you could hear the sound of the water and the birds that sang in the trees above. I imagined that all gardens were like this - a place of escape, peace and solitude. Granddad’s small plot of land was nothing out of the ordinary when it came to features. He had nothing as grand as a greenhouse, unlike some of his neighbors. However, this little piece of land bore a great part of my carefree and joyful childhood.
At home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn’t want to make him sound humorless. He wasn’t. Silly things would amuse him. I came to realize that, deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn’t made more of his life. He left school without qualifications and became a plumber apprentice(学徒). Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just what he did. He was never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment when he and Mum thought of moving to Canada, but it came to nothing. Where he came into his own was around the house. He had an “eye for the job”. Be it bookshelves or a cupboard - what he could achieve was astonishing. My parents moved house only once in their entire married life. But my father made up for this lack of daring when it came to furniture. You would have just got used to the shape of one chair when another appeared.
As for me, school didn’t appeal to me much. I wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect until one day my father announced, “They’ve got a vacancy for an apprentice gardener in the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested.” In one brief moment Dad had gone against his better judgment. He might still have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe I’m deceiving myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he’d watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.
19．When the writer describes his granddad’s garden, he is ________.
A．proud that his granddad was such a good gardener
B．embarrassed that the garden was not as good as others nearby
C．annoyed that items in the garden were often damaged
D．positive about the time he spent in the garden
20．What is the writer’s attitude to his father in the second paragraph?
A．He was regretful that his father had not achieved more.
B．He was annoyed that his father used words he didn’t understand.
C．He was sympathetic to the reasons why his father behaved as he did.
D．He was grateful that his father had not taken the family to Canada.
21．What does the writer mean by the underlined phrase “came into his own”?
A．was able to do something by himself
B．was able to show how talented he was
C．was able to continue his day job
D．was able to forget his failure
22．What does the writer think is the reason behind his father’s decision in the last paragraph?
A．His father did not manage to make a better judgment.
B．His father was tired of disagreeing with his son.
C．His father had been impressed by his son’s love of gardening.
D．His father came to realize the charm of gardening.

How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a little bit lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation(通货膨胀).
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise(补贴)the daily commute(通勤)of a rail traveller from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the sufferings of commuters in the South East, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators boasting about the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.
The Government has promised to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, along with regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a revenge if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.
23．The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares ________.
A．creates extra burden on taxpayers.
B．has kept pace with inflation.
C．is beyond the expectation of commuters
D．remains an unreasonable practice.
24．According to the passage, which of the following is right?
A．Compensations are to be given to the commuters affected by the strikes.
B．A minimum service requirement will be likely to settle the railway problems.
C．In terms of service, there is a conflict between train operator’s claim and the reality.
D．Train operators have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.
25．If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face ________.
A．the loss of investment. B．the collapse of operations.
C．a reduction of revenue(收入) D．a change of ownership.
26．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Who Are to Blame for the Ever-rising Fares?
B．Rail Strikes Need to Be Stopped
C．Enhance Railway Service, Ease Passenger Anger
D．Ever-rising Fares Are Unreasonable

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Eating out goes a long way back. The Romans had their pubs serving set meals and cook shops called thermopolia selling hot ready-to-eat dishes. In the Middle Ages, inns would provide buffets of cold meats or roasts to serve the many people who didn’t have kitchens. Before the revolution in France, there were plenty of places where you could eat out but fine dining was something enjoyed merely by the aristocracy (贵族) in the comfort of their own homes.
In 18th-century France, while the aristocrats were enjoying food prepared by personal chefs, cold winters and oppressive taxation had left most of the French population unable to afford bread. When the starving masses finally took to the streets of Paris in 1789, commonly known as the French Revolution, the aristocrats fled to the countryside, leaving their chefs and their fine wines behind. Both found their way to the cities’ existing eateries and within a year, a host of new elegant restaurants with extensive menus had been established.
“These restaurants were a microcosm (缩影) of the New France,” says David Gilks, a lecturer in Modern European History at the University of East Anglia. “They were the places where the nouveau riche, who had profited from the revolution, were to be seen. There were still shortages of basic food stuffs in many parts of Paris but in the nicer parts you would see people enjoying fine food in elegant surroundings.”
In the 1760s the merchants of Paris developed a taste for light soups known as “restoratives” or “restaurants”, and dining halls where customers could sit at individual tables and have them began popping up around the city.
The new post-revolutionary restaurants took their names from these and the new class of French businessmen, booming in the early 19th century when Napoleon decided that if people were enjoying food and drinks, they’d be unlikely to rebel again. Citizens were granted the “freedom of pleasure” and restaurants began to compete with each other. They were featured in travelogues and became tourist attractions in their own right.
“Intended or not, restaurants can signpost both the decline and success of an Empire,” says William Sitwell, author of The Restaurant: A History of Eating Out. “The extraordinary advancement of the dining scene of ancient Pompeii was indicative of the Roman Empire’s vision breadth and booming. The dark restaurant scene of the United Kingdom in the 1940s after World War II showed quite how the horrors of conflict had damaged the country’s food, culture and taste.”
30．Which of the following is a consequence of the French Revolution?
A．Most personal chefs were left unemployed.
B．Eateries found their way to the countryside.
C．Fine dining no longer just belonged to the aristocrats.
D．There were almost no shortages of basic food stuffs in Paris.
31．What can be learned about the word “restaurant” from the passage?
A．It was coined by the nouveau riche.
B．It originally referred to a type of food.
C．It came into being after the French Revolution.
D．It was first defined as the “freedom of pleasure”.
32．What can be inferred from William Sitwell’s comments on restaurants?
A．They are symbols of transformation.
B．They are the result of development.
C．They lost their appeal to British people in the 1940s.
D．They made their first appearance in ancient Pompeii.
33．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The national vision of eating out. B．The varying popularity of restaurants.
C．The unintended purposes of eating out. D．The history and evolution of restaurants.

Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. But it is a very personal choice you are making, and only you can take responsibility for yourself and for realising your ambition.
There are no easy ways of getting there — no written examination to pass, and no absolute guarantee that when you have successfully completed your training you will automatically make your way in the profession. It’s a matter of luck plus talent.
I have frequently been asked to define this magical thing called talent, which everyone is looking out for. I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination — the latter being the most difficult quality to assess. And it has a lot to do with the person’s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across.
Where does the desire to act come from? It is often very difficult to put into words your own reasons for wanting to act. Certainly, in the theatre the significant thing is that moment of contact between the actor on the stage and a particular audience. And making this brief contact is central to all acting, wherever it takes place — it is what drives all actors to act.
If you ask actors how they have done well in the profession, the response will most likely be a shrug. They will not know. They will know certain things about themselves and aspects of their own technique and the techniques of others. But they will take nothing for granted, because they know that they are only as good as their current job, and that their fame may not continue.
Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition (试镜) for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it maybe denied you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection.
34．If you decide to take up acting, you may well receive a lot of _____ from your close friends.
A．encouragement B．sympathy
C．jealousy D．objection
35．Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with in terms of acting?
A．Good actors know very well about their secret of success.
B．Talented actors are usually those with a vivid imagination.
C．There should be training and exams to qualify potential actors.
D．Not all actors like the contact with the audience while on the stage.
36．What does the writer imply about disappointment?
A．It is what actors often talk about.
B．Actors should compete to avoid it.
C．Actors should get accustomed to it.
D．It will surely affect actors’ performance.
37．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．So you want to be an actor
B．Wanting to be an actor? Don’t hesitate
C．Why acting appeals to young people?
D．Acting: riskier than expected


















参考答案
1．C
2．A
3．C
4．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由旧金山的一个实验室OpenAI所展示的一个名为GPT-3的系统。这个系统被人工智能研究人员称为神经网络，它可以通过定位大量数字数据中的模式来学习技能。对此系统，不同的人发表了不同的看法。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat.(通过分析数千张猫的照片，它可以学会识别猫。)”和文章第二段“GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation.(GPT-3就是一个例子。当它分析所有的数字文本时，它就构建了一个你可以称之为人类语言的数学地图——超过1750亿个数据点，这些数据点描述了我们如何将单词组合在一起。使用这张地图，它可以执行许多不同的任务，如撰写演讲稿、编写计算机程序和进行对话。)”可知，GPT-3可以识别图像并使用人类语言。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“But there are limitations.(但也有局限性。)”和“Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them.(计算机程序员使用这项技术来创建可以将其插入到更大的程序中的代码的小片段，但更多的时候，他们必须编辑和调整它给他们的任何内容。)”可知，GPT-3还是有局限性的，它创建的代码并不是完全正确的，还需要程序员亲自编辑和调整，这说明GPT-3远非完美。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. ‘It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,’ he said. ‘But it still counts.’(尽管如此，Gopnik博士还是将这种系统描述为智能系统。他说：“它不像人类那样聪明。它就像一种不熟悉的智力形式。但它仍然很重要。”)”和第五段“Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. (戈普尼克博士和该领域的许多其他人都相信，他们正在走上一条制造机器的道路，这种机器可以做人类大脑所能做的任何事情。当他们讨论当前的技术时，这种信心就会油然而生。)”可知，Dr. Gopnik高度评价了GPT-3这个系统，因为它在人工智能研究中发挥着重要作用。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention.(也许是这样。但对我们其他人来说，这些梦想可能会阻碍值得我们关注的问题。)”可知，在作者看来，尽管人工智能可以帮人类实现很多梦想，但同时也可能会阻碍那些值得我们关注的问题，所以对此持反对意见。故选B。
5．A
6．D
7．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Bundaberg的一些隐私政策。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Accordingly, this Privacy Policy is subject to change over time without notification being made to users, and therefore we encourage you to periodically review this Privacy Policy to become aware of any changes that may have occurred.(因此，本隐私政策可能会在不通知用户的情况下随时更改，因此我们鼓励您定期查看本隐私政策，以了解可能发生的任何更改。)”可知，为了随时了解隐私信息，您最好定期检查隐私政策，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据Collection of Personal Information部分第二段的“For example, if you refuse to provide some personal information as may be requested on the Bundaberg website, you may not be able to use all features or services of the website.(例如，如果您拒绝提供Bundaberg网站可能要求您提供的某些个人信息，您可能无法使用本网站的所有功能或服务。)”可知，关于Bundaberg收集用户个人信息，陈述正确的是如果不提供所要求的个人信息，您可能无法获得某些服务。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据Use and Disclosure of Personal Information部分的“We may use your personal information for the following purposes(我们可能会将您的个人信息用于以下用途)”和“Billing purposes(计费用途)”可知，Bundaberg将在未经您同意的情况下将您的个人信息用于寄账单给你，故选C。
8．C
9．B
10．A
11．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述读书人Julia Whelan的工作故事。
8．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Once she has taken on a project, she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words.(一旦她开始了一个项目，她就会读一到两遍这本书，决定进入录音室时要突出的主题，使用不同的音调和口音，并强调某些单词。)”可知，Julia Whelan在读书前先需要决定所读内容突出的主题。故选C项。
9．词句猜测题。由文章第三段“As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. (当她花时间让自己 在他人的写作中时，她开始更多地思考自己的创作抱负。)”可知，subsuming应表示“沉浸”，所以involving意思和它接近。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story,’ said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. ‘When I write now, I try to think like that......(‘当我听Julia读我的故事时，听起来她是在叫你来给你讲一个很棒的故事，’Nuzzi说，她的作品由 Whelan担任旁白。‘当我现在写作时，我试着这样思考......)”可知，Whelan 读作品时可让她从读者的角度思考自己的写作。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach.’ Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. ‘There is something about it that changes when you’re performing it,’ she said.‘I read the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it’s different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life.’(‘当我现在写作时，我试着这样想，我是在叫一位读者过来给他讲一个很棒的故事。这完全改变了我的写作方式。’Whelan说，当她作为叙述者体验写作时，她也了解了自己的写作。她说：‘当你在表演的时候，它会有一些变化。在每一个修改阶段，我都会大声朗读这本书，但当你坐下来，把麦克风放在面前，当我最终融入所有角色，故事变得生动起来时，情况就不同了。’)”可知，作为读书人的经历让Whelan的写作方式风格发生了改变。故选D项。
12．A
13．C
14．D
15．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.（从月球到火星，几十年来，科学家们一直在太阳系中寻找外星生命。）”和文章第三段“But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life（但是在金星的云层里最新的发现让天文学家十分激动，因为它可能表明了金星上生命的存在。）”以及文章第六段“Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.（科学家们猜测，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）”可知，文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Phosphine is a colorless, toxic(有毒的)gas that has an odor of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.（磷化氢是一种无色的有毒气体，有大蒜的气味。虽然有毒，但它被视为可能存在生命的迹象，因为在地球上，这种气体是由生活在无氧环境中的微生物产生的。）”可知，它可以由微生物产生。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.（科学家们猜测，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）”可推知，如果金星上有生命存在，那很可能是在云中。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites(陨石)falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.（科学家们研究了所有可能导致金星云层中磷化氢气体形成的可能性，包括火山爆发、闪电、坠入大气层的小陨石。但他们都排除了。据《今日美国》报道，得出的结论是，除了生命的存在，无法解释金星云层中这种气体的存在。）”可知，这可能是金星云层中存在生命的迹象。故选B。
16．C
17．D
18．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了法国国家铁路公司旗下的一些列车类型的相关信息。
16．细节理解题。根据文章“TGV”部分中的“These modern trains run on around 50 high-speed routes and always require a reservation in advance. (这些现代化的列车在大约50条高速线路上运行，总是需要提前预订。)”以及“Inter-cites”部分中的“Reservations are usually required on most Inter-cites services. (大多数城际列车服务通常需要预订)”可推知，TGV高铁和城际列车的共同点是两者通常都需要预订。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据文章“TER”部分中的“Low-cost (低成本)”以及“TER stands for Transport Express Regional and there are 20 different regional TER services operating across France. (TER是区域运输快件的缩写，在法国有20种不同的区域运输快件服务。)”可知，TER服务的特别之处在于它以相对较低的成本提供区域服务。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据“Sleeper trains”部分中的“Operated by Thello, the popular night train route in France starts in Paris and works its way down into Italy. If you want to save money on accommodation during your trip, taking a sleeper train lets you wake up feeling refreshed at your next destination. (由泰洛运营，这条在法国颇受欢迎的夜间列车线路从巴黎出发，进入意大利。如果你想在旅途中节省住宿，那就坐一辆sleeper train，让你在下一个目的地醒来时感觉精神焕发。)”可推知，Sleeper trains适合想去意大利，又想要省钱的人。故选D。
19．D
20．C
21．B
22．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候受到了爷爷做园艺的熏陶，之后父亲决定让作者从事园艺的故事。
19．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Granddad’s small plot of land was nothing out of the ordinary when it came to features. He had nothing as grand as a greenhouse, unlike some of his neighbors. However, this little piece of land bore a great part of my carefree and joyful childhood.”（爷爷的那一小块土地在特征方面没有什么特别之处。他没有像温室一样宏伟的东西，不像他的一些邻居。然而，这片小小的土地承载了我无忧无虑、快乐的童年的很大一部分。）可知，作者认为爷爷的花园承载了自己无忧无虑、快乐的童年的很大的一部分。可推知，作者对在爷爷的花园里度过的快乐时光是肯定的。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn’t want to make him sound humorless. He wasn’t. Silly things would amuse him. I came to realize that, deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn’t made more of his life. ”（在家里，他的儿子，我的父亲，安静又孤僻。我不想让他听起来毫无幽默感。他没有（幽默感）。像孩子一般的可笑的事情也会逗他开心。我开始意识到，在内心深处，他可能因为他没有为他的生活做出更多的贡献而感到失望。）可知，作者意识到父亲如同孩子一样的行为源自父亲的内心深处对他没有为生活做出更多的贡献而感到失望。故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据划线句之后“He had an “eye for the job”. Be it bookshelves or a cupboard - what he could achieve was astonishing.   My parents moved house only once in their entire married life. But my father made up for this lack of daring when it came to furniture. You would have just got used to the shape of one chair when another appeared.”（他对这份工作很有眼光，无论是书架还是橱柜，他的成就都令人惊叹。我父母婚后只搬过一次家。但我父亲弥补了他在家具方面的胆怯。你刚刚习惯了一把椅子的形状，另一把椅子就出现了。）可知，父亲对于做家具很擅长，在这个领域可以充分展示他的天赋。所以可推知，划线短语此处的含义为“父亲能展示他自己的天赋”，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe I’m deceiving myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he’d watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.”（但我喜欢他内心深处的那种感觉，觉得事情可能会变得更好。也许我在欺骗自己，但我更愿意相信在他的心里，尽管他自己讨厌园艺，但他已经看着我做了足够长的时间，并注意到我对所有生长、开花和结果的事物的不懈热情。）可知，对于父亲决定让作者去做园丁学徒，作者认为是因为父亲看自己做了足够长的时间，并注意到自己对所有生长、开花和结果的事物的不懈热情。故选C。
23．D
24．C
25．D
26．D

【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕铁路乘客车费再次上涨的问题展开，说明了费用上涨的原因和产生的后果，针对花费上涨作者并不同意。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual ... imposing a significant extra burden on those...由grimly(冷酷地，讨厌地)和a significant extra burden(一个巨大的额外负担)可知，作者对铁路乘客车费上涨的态度是负面的。再根据题干关键词this year’s increase定位到第一段“This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.”(今年平均2.7%的上涨，也许比去年的上涨稍微低一些，但是它仍然远远高于官方消费者物价指数衡量的通货膨胀程度)推知，作者认为车费上涨是不合理的。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段“It is all very well train operators boasting about the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel”(火车运营商宣扬他们对铁路网作出的改进无可非议，但考虑到乘客如今为出行支付的大量费用，他们理应能够期待基本水平的服务)可见，在服务方面，列车经营者的主张与实际存在着矛盾。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order”(国有化的威胁也许暂时可以避免，但是，如果乘客的正当愤怒不能被立即解决，这种威胁会卷土重来)可见，如果铁路公司不能让乘客镇静下来，铁路公司将会面临国有化的威胁，即所有权的变更。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。文章首段提出铁路乘客车费再次上涨的问题，即文章讨论的主题；二段简单阐述历届政府允许车费上涨的理由；三至四段聚焦于乘客所付车费和享受到的服务不对等的问题。作者认为乘客应该受到补偿，英国铁路服务标准必须得到保障，并指出如果服务得不到保障，乘客将不会无止境地支付更多车费。D项中的Ever-Rising Fares(不断上涨的车费)是文章讨论的主题，Are unreasonable(是不合理的)是作者的观点。D项完整地概括了全文内容。故选D。
27．D
28．C
29．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍Lively Flip这款手机的特点，服务和费用等。
27．细节理解题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Today, cell phones are hard to hear, difficult to dial and overloaded with features you may never use. That’s not the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttons make it easy to call family and friends, and the powerful speaker ensures every conversation is loud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知A项(它摒弃了不必要的功能)、B项(它保证了每次通话的高质量)是Lively Flip的特点，再根据文章中的“The Lively Flip is one of the most affordable cell phones on the market and comes with reliable nationwide coverage. You can even keep your current landline or cell phone number. (Lively Flip是市场上最实惠的手机之一，具有可靠的全国覆盖。你甚至可以保留你现在的座机或手机号码)”可知C选项(它不需要更改电话号码)也是Lively Flip的特点，D选项“它使用户可以随时呼叫医生寻求帮助”文章没有提到，故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Today, cell phones are hard to hear, difficult to dial and overloaded with features you may never use. That’s not the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttons make it easy to call family and friends, and the powerful speaker ensures every conversation is loud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知Lively Flip手机打电话操作方便，声音质量好，所以推断它特别适合不熟悉数字技术的老年人，故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据EASY TO BE PREPARED部分“Life has a way of being unpredictable, but you can be prepared in an uncertain or unsafe situation with Urgent Response Service. Simply press the Urgent Response button to speak with a highly trained Agent who can confirm your location, evaluate your situation and get you the help you need, 24/7.(做好准备生活有一种不可预测的方式，但您可以通过紧急响应服务在不确定或不安全的情况下做好准备。只需按下紧急响应按钮，即可与训练有素的代理人交谈，该代理人可以确认您的位置，评估您的情况，并为您提供所需的帮助，全天候)”可知，紧急响应按钮的设计是Lively Flip独有的。故选B。
30．C
31．B
32．A
33．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了餐馆的历史和进化过程。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Both found their way to the cities’ existing eateries and within a year, a host of new elegant restaurants with extensive menus had been established.(它们都走向了城市现有的餐馆的道路，在一年之内，一大批菜单丰富的新的优雅餐厅已经建立起来)”以及第三段中“There were still shortages of basic food stuffs in many parts of Paris but in the nicer parts you would see people enjoying fine food in elegant surroundings.(在巴黎的许多地方，基本食物仍然短缺，但在较好的地方，你会看到人们在优雅的环境中享受美食)”可知，法国大革命致使餐厅和美食不再是贵族专属。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Romans had their pubs serving set meals and cook shops called thermopolia selling hot ready-to-eat dishes. In the Middle Ages, inns would provide buffets of cold meats or roasts to serve the many people who didn’t have kitchens.(罗马人的酒吧提供套餐和名为thermopolia的烹饪店，出售热腾腾的即食菜肴。在中世纪，小旅馆会提供冷肉或烤肉的自助餐，为许多没有厨房的人服务)”可知，“restaurant”一词最初是指一种食物。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中William Sitwell说的话“Intended or not, restaurants can signpost both the decline and success of an Empire(无论有意无意，餐馆都可以标志一个帝国的衰落和成功)”及“The extraordinary advancement of the dining scene of ancient Pompeii was indicative of the Roman Empire’s vision breadth and booming. The dark restaurant scene of the United Kingdom in the 1940s after World War II showed quite how the horrors of conflict had damaged the country’s food, culture and taste.(古代庞贝的饮食场面的非凡进步，表明了罗马帝国的视野广度和蓬勃发展。第二次世界大战后40年代英国黑暗的餐馆场景很好地展示了恐怖的冲突是如何破坏这个国家的食物、文化和品味的)”可知，从他的话可以得出，餐馆是变革的象征。故选A。
33．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Eating out goes a long way back.(外出就餐的历史可以追溯到很久以前)”可知，文章主要介绍了餐馆的历史和进化过程。故选D。
34．D
35．B
36．C
37．A

【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多朋友会认为你疯了，但是只有你才能为自己和实现自己的抱负承担责任。作者在文中提供了一些关于演艺的知识。
34．细节理解题。根据第一段“Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. (一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多你认为是你最亲密的朋友的人会告诉你你疯了，尽管有些人的反应可能截然不同)”可知，如果你决定从事表演，你很可能会收到很多密友的反对。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination—the latter being the most difficult quality to assess. And it has a lot to do with the person’s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across. (我认为最好用自然技能加上想象力来形容，后者是最难评估的品质。这与这个人的勇气、他们对自己所做的事情的信念以及他们表达的方式有很大关系)”可知，就演出而言，作者最可能同意天才演员通常是那些想象力丰富的演员的说法。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition (试镜) for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it maybe denied you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection. (失望是演员最大的敌人。上个月你可能失业了，卖衣服或当服务员。突然，你被要求试镜一个角色，但不管你多么想要这份工作，事实是它可能会拒绝你。所以演员们往往不会谈论自己的机会。他们想出了保护自己免受竞争角色压力和被拒绝可能性的方法)”可知，关于失望，作者暗示演员应该习惯它。故选C。
37．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. (一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多你认为是你最亲密的朋友的人会告诉你你疯了，尽管有些人的反应可能截然不同) ”可知，本文讲述了你想成为演员，就要靠自己，以及在下文提供了一些关于演艺的知识。由此可知，“所以你想成为一名演员”适合作本文最佳标题。作者以总结的口吻提出了你的愿望，是最佳标题。故选A。