2023届高考英语二轮复习考点04名词（B卷）作业含答案

2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点04 名词（B卷）一、填空

1.We need to realize that the issue isn't lack of ________(create).

2.It is not rational to draw the _____ (conclude) without deep consideration.

3.She was unable to give the police a __________(describe) of the attacker because she had no memory of what had happened to her.

4.The customer asked for the dress in the shopping window, but the assistant made no _______(respond), and carried on with her chatting.

5.No one knows how the world came into ________(exist).

6.Chinese architects are getting international______ (recognize)．

7.It's healthier to release _______ (frustrate) than to bottle it up.

8.I made a ________(commit) to him to pay off all of the debt.

9.No one shall enter the room without__________(permit) .

10.Athens, the capital city of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western________(civil).

二、阅读理解

The world's clocks mark every passing second. minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes. and hours spent at a party can end in a blink.

The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this "subjective time" is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.

Research already suggests that on average wealthy people live longer biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more "time codes（编码）" in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.

"Even though time flies when you're having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience," says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He's part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.

The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don't measure time using clocks — many cultures rely instead on celestial（天空的）, cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. "Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances. and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in," says Chris Sinha, a cognitive（认知）scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called "event-based time" in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.

But other experts aren't convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro- economies at Claremont Graduate University subjective time isn't well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren't necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire for instance may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn't likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.

What's more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences can simply wear off.

Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. "The human brain is the most complex biological system we know." he says.

1. What do we know about "subjective time" from the passage?

A. It has nothing to do with one's income.  B. Its pace is influenced by a person's mood.

C. It is a thing that is completely understood.  D. It marks every passing second for a person.

2. How can income influence a person, according to some researchers?

A. Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.

B. Wealthy people may feel life is relatively longer psychologically.

C. Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.

D. Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.

3. What is Monica Capra's opinion?

A. She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time,

B. She doesn't believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.

C. She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.

D. She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Researchers are exploring the mysteries of memory. 

B. Many factors can influence how you feel time.

C. Your subjective time may depend on your income. 

D. The brain can change your feeling of time.

三、语法填空

    Lao Gan Ma Food Company ①________(found) in Guiyang in Guizhou Province in 1984. Its creator, Tao Huabi, ②________ face appears on each bottle of the chili (红辣椒) oil, has recently drawn public attention again. Nearly every Chinese person knows Lao Gan Ma, a ③________ (huge) popular chili oil that hit the shelves in 1996. Often ④________ (use) in a terrible dish, a small spoon of Lao Gan Ma can save the dish and turn it into something ⑤________ (taste).

    Lao Gan Ma found ⑥________ (it) way into supermarkets not only in China, but also in foreign ⑦________ (country) where it also has many followers. On Amazon, com, Lao Gan Ma is rated 4.9 out of 5 stars. Many foreigners claim that Lao Gan Ma is the best chili sauce they have ever tasted.

    Tao started her business at the age of 50, basing her recipe ⑧________ traditional chili oil from Guizhou. Like Gree's president Dong Mingzhu, who also started her business career much ⑨________ (late) than her peers, Tao is a good example to young people, especially women, attempting ​⑩________ (achieve) their dreams.

答案以及解析

一、填空

1.答案：creativity

解析： 考查名词。句意：我们需要认识到问题不在于缺少创造性。结合句意可知，lack of缺少，缺乏，后跟名词作宾语，creativity"创造性"，抽象概念，不可数。故填creativity。

2.答案：conclusion

解析： 根据空格前定冠词the可知，应用名词conclusion作宾语，特指"这个结论"，是单数意义，用名词单数，短语draw the conclusion"得出结论"，故填conclusion.

3.答案：description

解析： 考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，"描述"的名词为description.。故填description。

4.答案：response

解析： 考查名词。句意：顾客在购物橱窗里要那件衣服，但是售货员没有回答，继续聊天。动词made后需接名词作宾语，respond的名词为response"回答"，make no response没有回答，固定搭配。故填response。

5.答案：existence

解析： 句意：没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。come into existence出现；存在；产生，是固定搭配。故填：existence.

6.答案：recognition

解析： 本题主要考查名词。结合句意，中国建筑师正在获得国际认可。填空处位于形容词international 之后，故应填recognize的名词形式recognition，意为"认可"。故正确答案为recognition。

7.答案：frustration

解析： 句意：受挫折后发泄一通比强忍着对身体有益。release是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；frustration是可数名词，根据句中it要用单数形式。故填：frustration.

8.答案：commitment

解析： 句意：我向他承诺按时支付我的账单。考查单词填空commit，动词，承诺，保证。前面是冠词a，所以用名词形式commitment。have a commitment to sb对……做出承诺。故填commitment。

9.答案：permission

解析： 句意：未经允许，任何人不得进入这个房间。考查名词辨析。permission准许；许可。without为介词，后可接名词。结合句意，故填permission。

10.答案：civilization

解析： 考查名词。句意：雅典是希腊的首都，以西方文明的发源地而闻名。形容词修饰名词，作介词of的宾语，故填civilization。

二、阅读理解

答案：1-4 BCBA

解析：1. 细节理解题。根据第二段"The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this "subjective time" is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.（大脑会因为许多原因而延长或挤压时间的感觉，包括快乐、痛苦、恐惧和年龄。虽然这种"主观时间"背后的科学原理还没有被完全理解，但一些研究表明，还有一个额外的因素可能会影响你的主观寿命：你的收入）"可知，"主观时间"的节奏受人的情绪影响。故选B项。

2. 细节理解题。根据第三段"Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more "time codes（编码）" in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.（研究已经表明，从生物学角度来看，富人平均寿命更长。现在，新的研究表明，在人脑处理记忆形成的过程中，各种各样的新奇经历可以创造出更多的"时间代码"。反过来，这可能意味着，那些有能力享受更多假期和爱好的人，以及拥有更多刺激工作的人，将回忆起在地球上生活的时间更长）"可知，根据一些研究人员的说法，富人往往比穷人有更好的回忆。故选C项。

3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"A millionaire for instance may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn't likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would.（例如，百万富翁可能会花钱买一块漂亮的手表，但这不太可能像度假甚至是一次低成本的徒步旅行那样改变他们对时间的感觉）"可知，Monica Capra不相信有钱人可以买到美好的回忆。故选B项。

4. 主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章最后一段"Still researchers from many, fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time.（尽管如此，许多领域的研究人员仍渴望揭开记忆和主观时间的奥秘）"可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是研究人员正在探索记忆的奥秘。故选A项。

三、语法填空

答案：1. was founded2. whose3. hugely4. used5. tasty6. its7. countries8. on/upon9. later10. to achieve
解析：①考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语"Lao Gan Ma Food Company"和动词found之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据句中的时间状语"in 1984"可知，此处应用一般过去时；且主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单三形式。故填was founded。

②考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是"Tao Hua bi'"，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词face，故应用whose引导该从句。故填whose。

③考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词popular。故填hugely。

④考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语"a small spoon of Lao Gan Ma"和动词use之间为被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式。故填used。

⑤考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作后置定语，修饰不定代词something。故填tasty。

⑥考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词way。故填its。

⑦考查名词的单复数。句意为：老干妈不仅找到了进入中国超市的方法，也找到了进入其拥有众多追随者的国外市场的方法。country为可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，此处应用其复数形试。故填countries。

⑧考查介词。base...on/upon...是固定搭配，意为"……以……为基础"。故填on/upon。

⑨考查副词的比较等级。分析句子结构可知，此处是副词修饰动词started；再根据下文中的"than"可知，此处应用副词的比较级形式。故填later。

⑩考查非谓语动词。attempt to do sth.是固定搭配，意为"企图做某事，试图做某事"。故填to achieve。