英语-2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷B（江苏专用）

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绝密★考试结束前 2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷B（江苏专用）英语（考试时间：120分钟  试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.答案是 C。1．What does the man mean?A．His mother likes apple pie.   B．The apple pie tastes very good.   C．He’ll make apple pies for his mother.2．What does the man want to be?A．A cook. B．A teacher. C．A gardener.3．Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In the street. B．In a school. C．In a bank.4．Where is Amy now?A．In Seoul. B．In Beijing. C．In London.5．What are the speakers talking about?A．A strong team. B．A wonderful game. C．A great sportsman.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Where will Johnny go next?A．To the school. B．To the cinema. C．To his house.7．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?A．Schoolmates. B．Brother and sister. C．Boyfriend and girlfriend.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．Why does the woman talk to the man?A．To borrow a disk. B．To open up a program. C．To get some help.9．What is wrong with the woman’s computer?A．It keeps shutting down.    B．It has a strange sound.      C．It can’t be connected to the Internet. 10．Where will the speakers meet?A．At the man’s home. B．At the woman’s home. C．At the repair store.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．What was the building used as in the past?A．A library. B．A post office. C．A supermarket.12．What did the man’s kids do at the cafe on Saturday?A．They made their own pizza.   B．They had fun in the play area.    C．They ate hamburgers and noodles.13．What did the man dislike about the cafe?A．The noise. B．The price. C．The service.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Where did the woman lose her phone?A．In a cafe. B．At her office. C．In a movie theater.15．What did the guy do when he found the phone?A．He called the police.    B．He called the last number on it.   C．He called one of the woman’s friends.16．What does the man advise the woman to do?A．Buy the guy some food.     B．Give the guy some money.    C．Invite the guy to see a movie.17．When does the conversation probably take place?A．At night. B．Around midday. C．In the early morning.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Why does the university offer the two programs?A．To keep students safe walking late or alone.B．To provide better health care for students.C．To help visitors tour around the college.19．When can students call Campus Safety Office?A．From 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. B．Anytime of the day. C．From midnight to 7 a.m.20．To whom is the speaker mainly talking?A．Tourists at the college. B．New teachers. C．Parents of students.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFun things to do in high schoolLearn another languageYour school might be holding foreign languages classes, so this is a great way to start your language learning journey! If you want more self-paced learning, apps like Duolingo are easily accessible (可使用的) on our mobile phones. As our world becomes more interconnected, it’s always good to learn another language or two. Aim for a semester (学期) of straight AThis can be a difficult task but not impossible to achieve, as long as you put in the right amount of work and effort. If you are struggling(挣扎)with your grades, you can host or join group studies with your classmates! Don’t be disheartened if you are not able to get an A in a semester. What’s important is having the drive to go forward. As a famous person once said, “He who would climb a ladder must begin at the bottom. Experience another cultureCulture and tradition are something that all humans share. No matter where we come from, we always bring our culture with us. People coming from different cultures may be among your friends or neighbors. You can go to a museum, read a book, or try new food in your area. Remember to keep an open mind and take the time to learn about them. Bring a shareable treat to classIf you know your way around the kitchen, you can impress your class by making and bringing them a delicious treat! Not only will this make their stomachs happy, but you’ll also bond (联系) the whole class together. Just don’t forget to check with your teacher first before bringing one.21．What should you do if you want to learn a language at your own speed?A．Go to a museum to read books. B．Attend another language class.C．Learn it on an app like Duolingo. D．Join group studies with your classmates.22．What’s the key if you can’t get an A in a semester?A．Keeping an open mind. B．Asking your teachers for help.C．Changing your study method. D．Having the drive to go forward.23．What will probably be the result if you bring a treat to class?A．Experiencing different cultures. B．Making your teacher angry and anxious.C．Making some students have a stomachache. D．Making your classmates happy and united.BAgassi was very emotional at the end of his final game. On September 3, the American tennis player said a tearful goodbye to his 21-year career after a third-round defeat in the US Open. The 36-year-old tried his best, but was unable to keep up with German Benjamin Becker, more than ten years his junior.“The scoreboard said I lost today, but what the scoreboard doesn’t say is what I’ve found,” Agassi said to the fans. “I have found inspiration and you willed me to succeed.” It was an emotional speech at the end of a long career. Agassi hated tennis as a teenager as much as he loves it now. His father made him play when he was a child. He got bored, and became a rebel (叛逆者). The strict training that his father pushed upon him got in the way of his wild lifestyle. He grew hair long, wore colorful clothes and spat (吐口水) at an umpire (裁判). Over the years, he has made bad jokes during news conferences.Asked what he would say to his 17-year-old self, Agassi answered, “I would say, I understand you a lot more than I want to be you.”The turning point in Agassi’s career came in 1992 when he unexpectedly won his first Grand Slam (大满贯赛事) at Wimbledon. It was the first time Agassi understood what real champions finally understand: “winning is a test of nerves and not just power; it’s a marathon, not a sprint (短跑)”.And a marathon Agassi was about to begin. He cut his long hair, got fitter and tightened up emotionally. On the court, he was ranked No. 1 for almost two years. His lowest point came in 1997 when his ranking dropped to No. 141. He didn’t quit though. “I knew that I would try to get the most out of myself every day from that day forward. That was my promise,” he said. “That never stopped.”24．Why was Agassi very emotional when saying goodbye to his career?A．Because he lost to a player ten years older than him.B．Because he felt very sad that he was no longer the best player.C．Because this career has brought him so much.D．Because he felt sorry for his wild lifestyle.25．From his speech, we can see that ________.A．he was thankful to his fans     B．he refused to accept failureC．he wished he hadn’t hated tennis when young     D．he decided to take marathon as his new career26．Through winning, Agassi learned that ________.A．he didn’t try his best in his career B．it must take a long time for anyone to winC．people need to never give up to win D．winning once or twice is not enough27．It can be inferred from the passage that Agassi’s father ________.A．was an excellent tennis player      B．was good at raising AgassiC．played a key role in Agassi choosing his career D．spent most of his time training his sonCYou’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse”, a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic”, Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.28．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco-friendly products.C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach.29．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A．To show the difficulty of their recycling. B．To explain why they are useful.C．To voice his views on modern art. D．To find a substitute for them.30．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers in paragraph 4?A．Calming. B．Shocking C．Refreshing D．Challenging.31．What does the text mainly talk about?A．Artists’ opinions on Plastic safety.               B．Media Interest in contemporary art.C．Responsibility demanded of big companies.       D．Ocean plastics transformed into sculptures.DGiven the opportunity, plenty of people would probably choose to get rid of stress entirely from their lives. Amazing new findings from the University of Georgia, however, indicate that a little bit of stress can actually be very beneficial to both body and brain.When we’re stressed, we’re usually forced to deal with unpredictable or tense situations that can eat away at our bodies physically. While these scenarios (设想) are almost never fun in the moment, they serve to push us out of our comfort zones ― and that can be a good thing for the mind. Researchers say that low to moderate (适度的) levels of stress appear to promote improved working memory, which refers to short-term information people use to complete everyday tasks. Not surprisingly, study authors stress that these benefits are limited to moderate stress. Once stress levels reach high levels, it can be dangerous to one’s health. “The bad outcomes of stress are pretty clear and not new,” says lead study author Assaf Oshri, an associate professor in the College of Family and Consumer Sciences, in a university release.The research team analyzed a series of MRI scans (核磁共振成像) of over 1,000 people from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. Results show that people who experienced low to moderate stress levels had increased activity in the parts of their brains involved with working memory. Conversely, those dealing with chronic high levels of stress showed a decline in those same brain areas.Study subjects were asked questions about how frequently they experienced certain thoughts or feelings. For instance, “In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?” and “In the last month, how often have you found that you could not deal with all tie things that you had to do?”Participants’ social networks were also analyzed via a number of different measures. Examples include how they felt about their own ability to handle unexpected events, how satisfied they were that their lives matter and are meaningful, and the availability of friend-based support across their social networks.To assess working memory, subjects were shown a series of four types of images of things like tools and individuals’ faces. Then, later on they were asked to remember whether they were the same photos they were shown before. Study authors analyzed MRIs showing subjects’ brains as they completed the tasks.Notably, people who reported high levels of social support from friends and family were better able to deal with low to moderate stress levels in a healthy way .“You need to have the right resources to be strengthened by misfortune and stress,” Prof. Oshri concludes. “For some people, being exposed to stress is a good thing. But for others, maybe not. It’s possible that you can sand more stress if you have a supportive community or family.”32．What does underlined word that in Para.2 refer to?A．Unpredictable or tense situations are not fun in the moment.B．Unpredictable or tense situations can force us out of comfort zones.C．Low-to-moderate levels of stress can promote improved working memory.D．A little bit of stress can be very beneficial to both body and brain.33．How did the team carry out the research?A．By comparing experimental data with previous ones.B．By analyzing participants, medical reports and social networks.C．By referring to research reports of existing researches.D．By asking the participants to fill in questionnaires.34．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Every coin has two sides. B．No sweet without sweat.C．Time waits for no man. D．One man’s meat is another man’s poison.35．What is the text mainly about?A．A proper amount of stress can benefit us mentally and physically.B．It’s confirmed that high levels of stress can do harm to our health.C．Working memory is an important indicator of our present health.D．A supportive community or family can help us deal with stress in a healthy way.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Key Steps to Cram (临时准备) for a Test Without Losing Your MindSocial media is electronic ADHD (注意缺陷多动障碍综合征). ____36____ Texting, Facebook, Twitter, Gmail, Pinterest, etc., are great, but take a break to cram for exams.____37____ We recommend a 50/10 split: 50 minutes studying, 10 minutes of anything else. On your break, exercise, or sing, or dance, or sit still. You pick. Then get back to work. Setting a timer will help you find a rhythm.Remember, you are cramming at this point. Any learning here has a limited life, so stick to the basics. You are learning just the main ideas and the key details. Those are the things that are most likely to be on the test, so focus your energy there. Look for headings, key people, dates, equations, vocab words, and explanations of major ideas. ____38____Talk to yourself. Every big idea you read, talk it out. Explain things to yourself. Make lots of hand actions. Pace if it helps. Stress words with a funny accent. ____39____ No, crazy people don’t remember more, but the more senses and emotions involved, the more you’ll remember.Whether or not your teacher gave you a study guide, you need to make your own to cram for an exam. ____40____ After just making the guide yourself, 80% of your work will be done. You’re cramming, so it doesn’t have to be neat. Only you have to be able to read it. Writing it out, reading as you go, involving all your senses.A．Let go of the rest.B．Catch every second to cram.C．The crazier you look, the better.D．Cramming is about finding a good rhythm (节奏).E．Your teacher is a help to make a study guide.F．It will sink a revision like an elephant in a row boat.G．This is no doubt that a guide is the best method to study for an exam.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Which comes first, happiness or money? Are richer people happier? And ____41____, how do people get richer? A recent study could tell you the answer.The study ____42____ thousands of teenagers and found that those who felt better about life as young adults ____43____ to have higher incomes by the time they ____44____ 29. Those who were happiest earned an average of $8,000 more than those who were the most ____45____.The researchers, from University College London and the University of Warwick, say that very gloomy (沮丧的) teens, no matter how tall or smart they were, earned 10% less than their peers, ____46____ the happier ones earned ____47____ 30% more.Happier teenagers have an easier time ____48____ school, college and the job interview, ____49____ because they always feel better about life. It may also be true that happier people find it easier to make friends, who are often the key to homework help or networking.A report in June suggested that professional respect was more important than _____50_____ in terms of workplace happiness. In August scientists announced that they had found the _____51_____ for happiness in women. Alas! The same gene doesn’t appear to have _____52_____effect on men. And in October researchers in the UK and in the US announced that people who eat seven portions of fruit and vegetables a day report being the happiest.If it is really true that happier kids _____53_____ being wealthier kids, is it necessary for parents to get their kids to do the homework? The fact is that no homework will make kids happy but surely hurt their grades. Studies do show, _____54_____, that more education _____55_____ better-paid jobs, which may give us a deep thought.41．A．if not B．if any C．if so D．if ever42．A．looked around B．looked out C．looked into D．looked through43．A．tended B．attained C．attended D．attached44．A．got B．grew C．went D．turned45．A．depressed B．fantastic C．delighted D．admirable46．A．when B．while C．as D．though47．A．up to B．right now C．right away D．down to48．A．getting through B．getting down C．getting out D．getting over49．A．chiefly B．just C．simply D．only50．A．friends B．dollars C．jobs D．parents51．A．gene B．brand C．character D．nature52．A．the best B．the different C．the same D．the most53．A．come up B．turn up C．take up D．end up54．A．first of all B．after all C．at all D．for all55．A．exists in B．relies on C．results from D．contributes to第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。At last year’s Singles’ Day shopping spree (狂欢), domestic brands____56____ (fill) up the shopping cart of Wang Xinyi, ____57____ university student from Southwest China’s Chongqing.“Most of us choose domestic products owing to the fact ____58____ they are cost-effective and high in quality” said Wang, __59__ bought daily necessities, clothes and digital products made by local brands during last week’s shopping festival.Wang said many young Chinese ___60___ (increase) chose domestic brands, ____61____ (add) that this trend could not only satisfy consumers’ needs but incorporate (融入) traditional Chinese culture into the products.Nearly 70% of post-90s and around 80% of post-00s generations prefer to buy domestic brands. Young consumers have ____62____ (strong) confidence and a higher sense of national identity than those of other groups. Overall, Chinese people’s interest in domestic products increased by 528 percent ___63___ (compare) with 10 years ago.The ____64____ (improve) in quality and branding have helped promote domestic products. Besides, domestic brands have become popular among young consumers due to their ____65____ (innovate) use of traditional Chinese elements and culture. 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）某中学英文报开设了“heart to heart”专栏，假设你是该栏目的编辑Cynthia，你收到一封署名为worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：同桌总是抄袭他的作业，他不知如何拒绝。请用英文给该同学写一封回信，要点如下：1. 表示理解；2. 提出建议并说明理由。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；3. 信的开头和结尾已为你拟好，不计人总词数。Hi worried,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Cynthia第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。It took place in a teacher’s family. One day, Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf. The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off. What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique, which was handed down through generations from the 18th century. It was also his mother’s favourite possession. To cover his terrible action, the terrified boy glued the pieces together hastily and put the vase back to its place. As the mother herself dusted the vase every day, she naturally noticed the cracks(裂纹)that evening. To her surprise, the repair work was actually very good. At dinner time, she asked her boy if he had broken the vase. Fearing punishment, the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbour’s cat jumped in from the window and he couldn’t drive it away no matter how hard he tried. It raced around the living room and finally her son was lying, for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned. However, in the face of her son’s nervous eyes and the suspicious looks of the other family members, Ben’s mother remained calm. She realised she shouldn’t just simply blame and punish her son for lying. She came up with another idea. Before going to bed, the boy found a note from his mother in his room, asking him to go to the study at once. The boy thought he would now be punished but, as he had already lied, he was determined to deny everything to the end, no matter how angry his mum became. In the study, calmly bathed in the light, his mother’s face showed no sign of anger. On seeing her son push open the door and cautiously enter, she took a box of chocolates out of a drawer and gave him one. The mother said, “This chocolate is a reward for your imagination: a window-opening cat!”___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Now with some chocolates in his hand, the boy’s bad attitude disappeared._____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________